Mental health problems and healthcare contacts in an urban and a rural area. Comparisons of two Swedish counties

References

• Bijl RV, Ravelli A, van Zessen G. Prevalence of psychiatric disorder in the general population: Results of The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1998; 33: 587–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51: 8–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kringlen E, Torgersen S, Cramer V. A Norwegian psychiatric epidemiological study. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 1091–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattisson C, Bogren M, Nettelbladt P, Munk-Jorgensen P, Bhugra D. First incidence depression in the Lundby Study: A comparison of the two time periods 1947–1972 and 1972–1997. J Affect Disord 2005; 87: 151–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Evidence-based health policy—Lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Science 1996; 274: 740–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Koretz D, Merikangas KR, et al. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). JAMA 2003; 289: 3095–105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy JM, Laird NM, Monson RR, Sobol AM, Leighton AH. A 40-year perspective on the prevalence of depression: The Stirling County Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 209–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regier DA, Boyd JH, Burke JD, Jr, Rae DS, Myers JK, Kramer M, et al. One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States. Based on five Epidemiologic Catchment Area sites. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 977–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowell BA, Jr, George LK, Blazer D, Landerman R. Psychosocial risk factors and urban/rural differences in the prevalence of major depression. Br J Psychiatry 1986; 149: 307–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff JA. Urbanicity and depression reconsidered. The evidence regarding depressive symptomatology. J Nerv Ment Dis 1983; 171: 546–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovess V, Murphy HB, Tousignant M. Urban–rural comparisons of depressive disorders in French Canada. J Nerv Ment Dis 1987; 175: 457–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michalak EE, Wilkinson C, Hood K, Srinivasan J, Dowrick C, Dunn G. Prevalence and risk factors for depression in a rural setting. Results from the North Wales arm of the ODIN project. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2002; 37: 567–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang JL. Rural–urban differences in the prevalence of major depression and associated impairment. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2004; 39: 19–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayuso-Mateos JL, Vazquez-Barquero JL, Dowrick C, Lehtinen V, Dalgard OS, Casey P, et al. Depressive disorders in Europe: Prevalence figures from the ODIN study. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 179: 308–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehtinen V, Michalak E, Wilkinson C, Dowrick C, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Dalgard OS, et al. Urban–rural differences in the occurrence of female depressive disorder in Europe—Evidence from the ODIN study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2003; 38: 283–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paykel ES, Abbott R, Jenkins R, Brugha TS, Meltzer H. Urban–rural mental health differences in great Britain: Findings from the national morbidity survey. Psychol Med 2000; 30: 269–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skapinakis P, Lewis G, Araya R, Jones K, Williams G. Mental health inequalities in Wales, UK: Multi-level investigation of the effect of area deprivation. Br J Psychiatry 2005; 186: 417–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weich S, Holt G, Twigg L, Jones K, Lewis G. Geographic variation in the prevalence of common mental disorders in Britain: A multilevel investigation. Am J Epidemiol 2003; 157: 730–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koopmans GT, Donker MC, Rutten FH. Common mental disorders and use of general health services: A review of the literature on population-based studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005; 111: 341–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell TM, Jorm AF, Knox S, Braddock D, Dear KB, Britt H. General practice encounters for psychological problems in rural, remote and metropolitan areas in Australia. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 2004; 38: 774–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnell, D, Martin, RM. Patterns of general practitioner consultation for mental illness by young people in rural areas. A cross-sectional study. Health Stat Q 2004:30–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roness A, Mykletun A, Dahl AA. Help-seeking behaviour in patients with anxiety disorder and depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005; 111: 51–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan DV. The anxiety disease. Charles Scribners Sons, New York 1983
   Google Scholar
• Marks IM, Matthews AM. Brief standard self-rating for phobic patients. Behav Res Ther 1979; 17: 263–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedish Psychiatric Association. Anxiety syndromes—Clinical guidelines for assessment and treatment (in Swedish). Spris förlag, Stockholm 1997
   Google Scholar
• Bech P, Rasmussen NA, Olsen LR, Noerholm V, Abildgaard W. The sensitivity and specificity of the Major Depression Inventory, using the Present State Examination as the index of diagnostic validity. J Affect Disord 2001; 66: 159–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlin M, Joneborg N, Runeson B. Stress and depression among medical students: A cross-sectional study. Med Educ 2005; 39: 594–604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman H, Kallmen H. Alcohol use among Swedes and a psychometric evaluation of the alcohol use disorders identification test. Alcohol Alcohol 2002; 37: 245–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption—II. Addiction 1993; 88: 791–804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Undén, AL, Elofsson, S.. Self-assessed health (in Swedish). Stockholm: Forskningsrådsnämnden; 1998. Report No. 98:7.
   Google Scholar
• SPSS 12.0 for Windows. In. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Bijl RV, van Zessen G, Ravelli A, de Rijk C, Langendoen Y. The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS): Objectives and design. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1998; 33: 581–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundberg I, Damstrom Thakker K, Hallstrom T, Forsell Y. Determinants of non-participation, and the effects of non-participation on potential cause-effect relationships, in the PART study on mental disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2005; 40: 475–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandanger I, Nygard JF, Ingebrigtsen G, Sorensen T, Dalgard OS. Prevalence, incidence and age at onset of psychiatric disorders in Norway. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1999; 34: 570–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spak F, Hallstrom T. Prevalence of female alcohol dependence and abuse in Sweden. Addiction 1995; 90: 1077–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundquist K, Frank G, Sundquist J. Urbanisation and incidence of psychosis and depression: Follow-up study of 4.4 million women and men in Sweden. Br J Psychiatry 2004; 184: 293–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rost K, Smith GR, Taylor JL. Rural–urban differences in stigma and the use of care for depressive disorders. J Rural Health 1993; 9: 57–62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Regier DA, Narrow WE, Rae DS, Manderscheid RW, Locke BZ, Goodwin FK. The de facto US mental and addictive disorders service system. Epidemiologic catchment area prospective 1-year prevalence rates of disorders and services. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50: 85–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fylkesnes K. Determinants of health care utilization—Visits and referrals. Scand J Soc Med 1993; 21: 40–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar