References
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder, 4th edition (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
- Frans Ö, Rimmö PA, Åberg L, Fredriksson M. Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005; 111: 291–9
- Al Saffar S, Borgå P, Edman G, Hällström T. The ethiology of posttraumatic stress disorder in four ethnic groups in outpatient psychiatry. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2003; 38: 456–62
- Breslau N. Outcomes of posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2001; 62: 55–9
- van Etten ML, Taylor S. Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 1998; 5: 126–44
- Davidsson PR, Parker KCH. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): A meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol 2001; 69: 305–16
- Bradley R, Greene J, Russ E, Dutra L, Westen D. A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162: 214–27
- First MB, Gibbon M, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Clinician version, administration booklet. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC 1997
- Hamilton M. Diagnosis and rating of anxiety. Brit J Psychiatry (Spec Publ) 1969; 3: 76–9
- Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23: 56–62
- Horowits MJ, Wilmer N, Alvarez W. Impact of Event Scale. A measure of subjective stress. Psychosom Med 1979; 41: 209–18
- Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988; 56: 893–7
- Ormel J, Vonkorff M, Oldehinkel AJ, Simon G, Tiemens BG, Üstün TB. Onset of disability in depressed and non-depressed primary care patients. Psychol Med 1999; 29: 847–53
- Janca A, Kastrup M, Katschnig H, Lopez-Ibor JJ, Messich JE, Sartorius N. The World Health Organisation Short Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO DAS-S): A tool for the assessment of difficulties in selected areas of functioning of patients with mental disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1996; 31: 349–54
- Bech P, Gudex C, Johansen KS. The WHO(ten) Well-Being Index: Validation in diabetes. Psychother Psychosom 1966; 65: 183–90
- Herman JL, Perry JC, van der Kolk B. Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146: 490–5
- Lang PJ. A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychophysiology 1979; 16: 496–512
- Pagani M, Högberg G, Salmaso D, Tärnell B, Sanchez-Crespo A, Soares J, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow during auditory recall in 47 subjects exposed to assaultive and non-assaultive trauma and developing or not posttraumatic stress disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2005; 255: 359–65
- Shapiro F. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols and procedures. Guildford, New York 1995
- Hollis S, Campbell F. What is meant by intention to treat analysis? Survey of published randomised controlled trials. BMJ 1999; 319: 670–4
- Jacobsson NS, Truax P. Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. J Consult Clinical Psychol 1991; 59: 12–19
- Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Academic Press, New York 1977
- Devilly GJ, Spence SH. The relative efficacy and treatment distress of EMDR and a cognitive–behavior trauma treatment protocol in the amelioration of posttraumatic stress disorder. J Anxiety Disord 1999; 13: 131–57
- Marcus SV, Marquis P, Sakai C. Controlled study of treatment of PTSD using EMDR in an HMO setting. Psychotherapy 1997; 34: 307–15
- Lee C, Gavriel H, Drummond P, Richards J, Greenwald R. Stress inoculation training with prolonged exposure compared to EMDR. J Clin Psychol 2002; 58: 1071–89
- Taylor S, Thordarson DS, Maxfield L, Fedoroff IC, Lovell K, Ogrodniczuk J. Comparative efficacy, speed, and adverse effects of three PTSD treatments: Exposure therapy, EMDR, and relaxation training. J Consult Clinical Psychol 2003; 71: 330–8
- Stain-Malmgren R, El Khoury A, Åberg-Wistedt A, Tham A. Serotonergic function in major depression and effect of sertraline and paroxetine treatment. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 16: 93–101
- Rosen GM, Davison GC. Psychology should list empirically supported principles of change (ESPs) and not credential trademarked therapies or other treatment packages. Behav Modif 2003; 27: 300–12
- Pavlov IP. Conditioned reflexes. Oxford University Press, London 1927
- Wolpe J. Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Stanford University Press, Stanford 1958; 71