Do changes on MCMI-II personality disorder scales in short-term psychotherapy reflect trait or state changes?

References

• Craig RJ. Overview and current status of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. J Pers Assess 1999; 72: 390–406
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecker JE, Losee MC, Roberson-Nay R, Maki K. Mastery of Your Anxiety and Panic and brief therapist contact in the treatment of panic disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2004; 18: 111–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Groot MH, Franken IH, van der Meer CW, Hendriks VM. Stability and change in dimensional ratings of personality disorders in drug abuse patients during treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat 2003; 24: 115–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calsyn DA, Wells EA, Fleming C, Saxon AJ. Changes in Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory scores among opiate addicts as a function of retention in methadone maintenance treatment and recent drug use. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2000; 26: 297–309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schinka JA, Hughes PH, Coletti SD, Hamilton NL, Renard CG, Urmann CF, et al. Changes in personality characteristics in women treated in a therapeutic community. J Subst Abuse Treat 1998; 16: 137–42
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathus JH, Sanderson WC, Miller AL, Wetzler S. Impact of personality functioning on cognitive behavioral treatment of panic disorder: A preliminary report. J Pers Disord 1995; 9: 160–8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svartberg M, Stiles TC, Seltzer MH. Randomized, controlled trial of the effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy and cognitive therapy for cluster C personality disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 810–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams DP. The person. John Wiley & Sons, New York 2000
   Google Scholar
• Grilo CM, Sanislow CA, Gunderson JG, Pagano ME, Yen S, Zanarini MC, et al. Two-year stability and change of schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 2004; 72: 767–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan S, Nathan P, Lumley M. Diagnostic concordance of ICD-10 personality and comorbid disorders: A comparison of standard clinical assessment and structured interviews in a clinical setting. Aust NZ J Psychiatr 2003; 37: 484–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millon T. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory2nd edition. Manual. National Computer Systems, Inc, Minneapolis, MN 1987
   Google Scholar
• Millon T. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory3rd edition. Manual. National Computer Systems, Inc, Minneapolis, MN 1994
   Google Scholar
• Piersma HL. The MCMI-II as a treatment outcome measure for psychiatric inpatients. J Clin Psychol 1989; 45: 87–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piersma HL, Boes JL. MCMI-III as a treatment outcome measure for psychiatric inpatients. J Clin Psychol 1997; 53: 852–31
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stankovic SR, Libb JW, Freeman AM, Roseman JM. Posttreatment stability of the MCMI-II personality scales in depressed outpatients. J Pers Disord 1992; 6: 82–9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank JD. Common features of psychotherapies and their patients. Psychother Psychosom 1974; 24: 368–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Figueiredo JM, Frank JD. Subjective incompetence, the clinical hallmark of demoralization. Compr Psychiatr 1982; 23: 353–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derogatis LR. SCL-90-R. Administration, scoring & procedures. Manual-II. Clinical Psychometric Research, Towson, MD 1983
   Google Scholar
• Hill CE, Lambert MJ. Methodological issues in studying psychotherapy processes and outcomes. Psychotherapy and behavior change, 5th edition, MJ Lambert. John Wiley & Sons, New York 2004; 84–135
   Google Scholar
• Craig R. Clinical diagnoses and MCMI codetypes. J Clin Psychol 1995; 55: 352–60
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soldz S, Budman S, Demby A, Merry J. Diagnostic agreement between the Personality Disorder Examination and the MCMI-II. J Pers Assess 1993; 60: 486–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopta SM, Howard KI, Lowry JL, Beutler LE. Patterns of symptomatic recovery in psychotherapy. J Consult Clin Psychol 1994; 62: 1009–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derecho CN, Wetzler S, McGinn LK, Sanderson WC, Asnis GM. Atypical depression among psychiatric inpatients: Clinical features and personality traits. J Affect Disord 1996; 20: 55–9
   Google Scholar
• Cohen J. Quantitative methods in psychology: A power primer. Psycholl Bull 1992; 112: 155–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ 1988
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson NS, Truax P. Clinical significance. A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. J Consult Clin Psychol 1991; 59: 12–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen LR, Mortensen EL, Bech P. The SCL-90 and SCL-90R versions validated by item response models in a Danish Community sample. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004; 110: 225–329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinisch JM, Mortensen EL, Sanders SA. The Prenatal Developmental Project. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1993; 370: 54–61
   Google Scholar
• Ankuta GY, Abeles N. Client satisfaction, clinical significance, and meaningful change in psychotherapy. Prof Psychol Res Pr 1993; 24: 70–4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schauenburg H, Strack M. Measuring psychotherapeutic change with the Symptom Checklist SCL 90 R. Psychother Psychosom 1999; 68: 199–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tingey RC, Lambert MJ, Burlingame GM, Hansen NB. Assessing clinical significance: Proposed extensions to method. Psychother Res 1996; 6: 109–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gude T, Havik OE. More than one way to change: A study of course heterogeneity and short-term psychiatric in-patient treatment. Scand J Psychol 2000; 41: 91–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, HS, Mortensen, EL. Dokumentation for den danske udgave af NEO-PI-R og NEO PI-R. Kort Version. In: PT Costa, Jr, RR McCrae. NEO PI-R. Manual—klinisk, s. 53–86. København: Psykologisk Forlag A/S; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Livesley WJ. Introduction to the special issue on longitudinal studies. J Pers Disord 2005; 19: 463–5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paris J. Outcome and epidemiological research on personality disorders: Implication for classification. J Pers Disord 2005; 19: 557–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark LA. Stability and change in personality pathology: Revelation of three longitudinal studies. J Pers Disord 2005; 19: 524–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger RF, Tackett JL. Progress and innovation: Personality disorders and the vanguard of psychopathology research. J Pers Disord 2005; 19: 540–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa PT, Patriciu NS, McCrae RR. Lessons from longitudinal studies for new approaches to the DSM-V: The FFM and FFT. J Pers Disord 2005; 19: 524–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millon T. On the past and future of the DSM-III: Personal recollections and projections. Contemporary directions in psychopathology. Toward the DSM-IV, T Millon, GL Klerman. The Guilford Press, New York 1986
   Google Scholar
• Millon T. Modern psychopathology. Waveland Press, Inc, Prospect Heights, IL 1969
   Google Scholar
• Sandell R, Blomberg J, Lazar A. Time matters: On temporal interactions in long-term follow-up of long-term psychotherapies. Psychotherapy Res 2000; 12: 39–58
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Retzlaff P, Stoner J, Kleinsasser D. The use of the MCMI-III in the screening and triage of offenders. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2002; 46: 319–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz MA, Pincus AL, Borkovec TD, Echemendia RJ, Castonguay LG, Ragusea SA. Validity of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems for predicting treatment outcome: An investigation with the Pennsylvania Practice Research Network. J Pers Assess 2004; 83: 213–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vittengl JR, Clark LA, Jarrett RB. Interpersonal problems, personality pathology, and social adjustment after cognitive therapy for depression. Psychol Assess 2003; 15: 29–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar