513
Views
29
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Mental health of Bosnian refugee children: A comparison of clinician appraisal with parent, child and teacher reports

, M.D, , Ph.D , M.D, , M.S & , Ph.D , M.D
Pages 204-216 | Published online: 12 Jul 2009

References

  • Swedish Migration Board. Residence permits 1980–2005. Available at http://www.migrationsverket.se/pdffiler/statistik/tabe3.pdf. Accessed May 3, 2006.
  • Chimienti G, Nasr JA, Khalifeh I. Children's reactions to war-related stress. Affective symptoms and behaviour problems. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1989; 24: 282–7
  • Nader KO, Pynoos RS, Fairbanks LA, al-Ajeel M, al-Asfour A. A preliminary study of PTSD and grief among the children of Kuwait following the Gulf crisis. Br J Clin Psychol 1993; 32: 407–16
  • Macksoud MS, Aber JL. The war experiences and psychosocial development of children in Lebanon. Child Dev 1996; 67: 70–88
  • Goldstein RD, Wampler NS, Wise PH. War experiences and distress symptoms of Bosnian children. Pediatrics 1997; 100: 873–8
  • Kuterovac-Jagodic G. Posttraumatic stress symptoms in Croatian children exposed to war: A prospective study. J Clin Psychol 2003; 59: 9–25
  • Kinzie JD, Sack WH, Angell RH, Manson S, Rath B. The psychiatric effects of massive trauma on Cambodian children: I. The children. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1986; 25: 370–6
  • Mghir R, Freed W, Raskin A, Katon W. Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder among a community sample of adolescent and young adult Afghan refugees. J Nerv Ment Dis 1995; 183: 24–30
  • Almqvist K, Brandell-Forsberg M. Refugee children in Sweden: Post-traumatic stress disorder in Iranian preschool children exposed to organized violence. Child Abuse Negl 1997; 21: 351–66
  • Cairns E, Dawes A. Children: Ethnic and political violence—A commentary. Child Dev 1996; 67: 129–39
  • Hjern A, Angel B, Hojer B. Persecution and behavior: A report of refugee children from Chile. Child Abuse Negl 1991; 15: 239–48
  • Ekblad S. Psychosocial adaptation of children while housed in a Swedish refugee camp: Aftermath of the collapse of Yugoslavia. Stress Med 1993; 9: 159–66
  • Weine S, Becker DF, McGlashan TH, Vojvoda D, Hartman S, Robbins JP. Adolescent survivors of “ethnic cleansing”: Observations on the first year in America. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995; 34: 1153–9
  • Geltman PL, Augustyn M, Barnett ED, Klass PE, Groves BM. War trauma experience and behavioral screening of Bosnian refugee children resettled in Massachusetts. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2000; 21: 255–61
  • Angel B, Hjern A, Ingleby D. Effects of war and organized violence on children: A study of Bosnian refugees in Sweden. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2001; 71: 4–15
  • Jensen PS, Shaw J. Children as victims of war: Current knowledge and future research needs. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993; 32: 697–708
  • Achenbach TM, McConaughy SH, Howell CT. Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychol Bull 1987; 101: 213–32
  • Achenbach TM. Developmental issues in assessment, taxonomy, and diagnosis of child and adolescent psychopathology. Developmental psychopathology volume 1: Theory and methods, D Cicchetti, DJ Cohen. Wiley Interscience, New York 1995; 57–80
  • Salmon K, Bryant RA. Posttraumatic stress disorder in children. The influence of developmental factors. Clin Psychol Rev 2002; 22: 163–88
  • Sack WH, Clarke G, Him C, Dickason D, Goff B, Lanham K, et al. A 6-year follow-up study of Cambodian refugee adolescents traumatized as children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993; 32: 431–7
  • Ajdukovic M, Ajdukovic D. Psychological well-being of refugee children. Child Abuse Negl 1993; 17: 843–54
  • Zivcic I. Emotional reactions of children to war stress in Croatia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993; 32: 709–13
  • Janoff-Bulman R. Assumptive worlds and the stress of traumatic events: Applications of the schema construct. Soc Cogn 1989; 7: 113–36
  • Eisenbruch M. The mental health of refugee children and their cultural development. Int Migr Rev 1988; 22: 282–300
  • Rousseau C. The mental health of refugee children. Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review 1995; 32: 299–331
  • Goldin S, Levin L, Persson LA, Hagglof B. Stories of pre-war, war and exile: Bosnian refugee children in Sweden. Med Confl Surviv 2001; 17: 25–47
  • Goldin S, Levin L, Persson LA, Hagglof B. Child war trauma: A comparison of clinician, parent and child assessments. Nord J Psychiatry 2003; 57: 173–83
  • Achenbach TM. Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4–18 and 1991 profile. University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry, Burlington, VT 1991
  • Crijnen AA, Achenbach TM, Verhulst FC. Comparisons of problems reported by parents of children in 12 cultures: Total problems, externalizing, and internalizing. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36: 1269–77
  • Achenbach TM. Manual for the Youth Self-Report and 1991 profile. University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry, Burlington, VT 1991
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
  • Achenbach TM. Manual for the Teacher's Report Form and 1991 profile. University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry, Burlington, VT 1991
  • Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA. Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research center for children, youth, & families; 2001.
  • Jones L. Adolescent groups for encamped Bosnian refugees: Some problems and solutions. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 1998; 3: 541–51
  • Smith P, Perrin S, Yule W, Hacam B, Stuvland R. War exposure among children from Bosnia-Hercegovina: Psychological adjustment in a community sample. J Trauma Stress 2002; 15: 147–56
  • Jones L, Kafetsios K. Assessing adolescent mental health in war-affected societies: The significance of symptoms. Child Abuse Negl 2002; 26: 1059–80
  • Jones L. Adolescent understandings of political violence and psychological well-being: A qualitative study from Bosnia Herzegovina. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55: 1351–71
  • Cederblad M, Höök B. [Epidemiologic study in Ostergotland. Every sixth child has a psychological disorder]. Lakartidningen 1986; 83: 953–9
  • Ivarsson T, Gillberg C. Depressive symptoms in Swedish adolescents: Normative data using the Birleson Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS). J Affect Disord 1997; 42: 59–68
  • Larsson B, Melin L. Depressive symptoms in Swedish adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1990; 18: 91–103
  • Larsson B, Melin L. Prevalence and short-term stability of depressive symptoms in schoolchildren. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992; 85: 17–22
  • Olsson GI, von Knorring AL. Adolescent depression: Prevalence in Swedish high-school students. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999; 99: 324–31
  • Almqvist K, Broberg A. Silence and survival: Working with strategies of denial in families of traumatized pre-school children. Journal of Child Psychotherapy 1997; 23: 417–35
  • Weine S, Muzurovic N, Kulauzovic Y, Besic S, Lezic A, Mujagic A, et al. Family consequences of refugee trauma. Fam Process 2004; 43: 147–60
  • Bower GH, Sivers H. Cognitive impact of traumatic events. Dev Psychopathol 1998; 10: 625–53
  • Verhulst FC, van der Ende J. Assessment of child psychopathology: Relationships between different methods, different informants and clinical judgment of severity. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1991; 84: 155–9
  • Mehan H. Educational handicaps as a cultural meaning system. Ethos 1988; 16: 73–91
  • Kos AM. School as psychological protection of children. They talk we listen, C Segula, S Thakral. Center for psychosocial help to refugees, Slovene Foundation, Ljubljana 1998; 97–115
  • Verhulst FC, Dekker MC, van der Ende J. Parent, teacher and self-reports as predictors of signs of disturbance in adolescents: Whose information carries the most weight?. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997; 96: 75–81
  • McCloskey LA, Southwick K. Psychosocial problems in refugee children exposed to war. Pediatrics 1996; 97: 394–7
  • Herrenkohl TI, Tajima EA, Whitney SD, Huang B. Protection against antisocial behavior in children exposed to physically abusive discipline. J Adolesc Health 2005; 36: 457–65
  • Kleinman A. Anthropology and psychiatry. The role of culture in cross-cultural research on illness. Br J Psychiatry 1987; 151: 447–54
  • Eisenbruch M. From post-traumatic stress disorder to cultural bereavement: Diagnosis of Southeast Asian refugees. Soc Sci Med 1991; 33: 673–80
  • Bracken PJ, Giller JE, Summerfield D. Psychological responses to war and atrocity: The limitations of current concepts. Soc Sci Med 1995; 40: 1073–82
  • Zur J. From PTSD to voices in context: From an “experience-far” to an “experience-near” understanding of responses to war and atrocity across cultures. Int J Soc Psychiatry 1996; 42: 305–17

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.