399
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

A symptom Self-rating Scale for Schizophrenia (4S): Psychometric properties, reliability and validity

, &
Pages 368-374 | Published online: 08 Oct 2009

References

  • Overall JE, Gorham DR. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychol Rep 1962; 10: 799–912
  • Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23: 56–62
  • Eysenck HJ. Dimensions of personality. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1947
  • Bowie, CR, Twamley, EW, Anderson, H, Halpern, B, Patterson, TL, Harvey, PD. Self-assessment of functional status in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2007;41:1012–8. Epub 2006; Oct 2.
  • Jensen J, Nilsson LL, Levander S. Neurocognitive and psychopathological correlates of self-monitoring ability in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2004; 254: 312–7
  • Rubino IA, Romeo D, Scarpellino A, Siracusano A. Clinicians’ ratings and self-reports of basic symptoms. Percept Mot Skills 2002; 95: 373–4
  • Jablensky A, Sartorius N, Ernberg G, Anker M, Korten A, Cooper JE, et al. Schizophrenia: Manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures. A World Health Organization ten-country study. Psychol Med Monogr Suppl 1992; 20: 1–97
  • Buckley PF, Wirshing DA, Bhushan P, Pierre JM, Resnick SA, Wirshing WC. Lack of insight in schizophrenia: Impact on treatment adherence. CNS Drugs 2007; 21: 129–41
  • Maurer Y, Dittrich A. [Comparison of psychiatrist's rating and self rating of schizoprenic patients (author's transl)]. Pharmakopsychiatrie, Neuro-Psychopharmakologie 1979; 12: 375–82
  • Selten JP, Sijben NE, van den Bosch RJ, Omloo-Visser J, Warmerdam H. The subjective experience of negative symptoms: A self-rating scale. Comprehens Psychiatry 1993; 34: 192–7
  • Selten JP, Wiersma D, van den Bosch RJ. Clinical predictors of discrepancy between self-ratings and examiner ratings for negative symptoms. Comprehens Psychiatry 2000; 41: 191–6
  • Gallhofer B, Bauer U, Lis S, Krieger S, Gruppe H. Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: Comparison of treatment with atypical antipsychotic agents and conventional neuroleptic drugs. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1996; 6(Suppl 2)S13–20
  • Nilsson LL, Levandel S. Quality of life and scizophrenia: No subjective differences among four living conditions. Nord J Psychiatry 1998; 52: 277–83
  • Bengtsson-Tops A, Hansson L, Sandlund M, Bjarnason O, Korkeila J, Merinder L, et al. Subjective versus interviewer assessment of global quality of life among persons with schizophrenia living in the community: A Nordic multicentre study. Qual Life Res 2005; 14: 221–9
  • Lindstrom E, Eberhard J, Levander S. Five years follow up during antipsychotic treatment; Efficacy, safety, functional and social outcome. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 2007; 435: 5–16
  • Jedenius E, Lindstrom E. The development of a Self Rating Scale in Schizophrenia. XI World Congress of Psychiatry. WPA, Hamburg 1999
  • Lingjaerde O, Ahlfors UG, Bech P, Dencker SJ, Elgen K. The UKU side effect rating scale. A new comprehensive rating scale for psychotropic drugs and a cross-sectional study of side effects in neuroleptic-treated patients. Acta Psychiat Scand 1987; 334: 1–100
  • Chouinard, G, Ross-Chouinard, A, Annable, L. The Extrapyramidal symptom rating scale. Can J Neurol Sci 1980;7.
  • Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IVth edition. Washington, DC: APA; 1994.
  • Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987; 13: 261–76
  • von Knorring L, Lindstrom E. The Swedish version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Construct validity and interrater reliability. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992; 86: 463–8
  • Gye W. ECDEU Assessment manual for psychopharmacology—Revised. Rockville. NIMH Psychopharmacology Research Branch, Division of Extramural Research Programs, , MD 1976
  • Bodlund O, Kullgren G, Ekselius L, Lindstrom E, von Knorring L. Axis V—Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. Evaluation of a self-report version. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994; 90: 342–7
  • Ottosson H, Bodlund O, Ekselius L, Grann M, von Knorring L, Kullgren G, et al. DSM-IV and ICD-10 personality disorders: A comparison of a self-report questionnaire (DIP-Q) with a structured interview. Eur Psychiatry 1998; 13: 246–53
  • Lindstrom E, Lewander T, Malm U, Malt UF, Lublin H, Ahlfors UG. Patient-rated versus clinician-rated side effects of drug treatment in schizophrenia. Clinical validation of a self-rating version of the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale (UKU-SERS-Pat). Nord J Psychiatry 2001; 55(Suppl 44)5–69
  • Eberhard, J, Lindström, E, Levander, S. Poor insight in schizophrenia is associated with low premorbid IQ and executive functioning, but not with failure to self-monitor. Submitted. 2008.
  • Andreasen NC, Carpenter WT, Jr, Kane JM, Lasser RA, Marder SR, Weinberger DR. Remission in schizophrenia: Proposed criteria and rationale for consensus. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162: 441–9
  • van Os J, Burns T, Cavallaro R, Leucht S, Peuskens J, Helldin L, et al. Standardized remission criteria in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 113: 91–5
  • Lindström, E, Eberhard, J, Levander, S. Remission: Frequency, changes over time and association with illness, cognition and social outcome. Accepted 2007.
  • Tuninger E, Levander S. Long-term outcome of depot neuroleptic maintenance treatment among chronic psychotic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997; 96: 347–53
  • Wieselgren IM, Lindstrom LH. A prospective 1–5 year outcome study in first-admitted and readmitted schizophrenic patients; relationship to heredity, premorbid adjustment, duration of disease and education level at index admission and neuroleptic treatment. Acta Psychiat Scand 1996; 93: 9–19
  • Cullberg J, Levander S, Holmqvist R, Mattsson M, Wieselgren IM. One-year outcome in first episode psychosis patients in the Swedish Parachute project. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2002; 106: 276–85
  • Hamann J, Cohen R, Leucht S, Busch R, Kissling W. Do patients with schizophrenia wish to be involved in decisions about their medical treatment?. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162: 2382–4
  • Hamann J, Langer B, Winkler V, Busch R, Cohen R, Leucht S, et al. Shared decision making for in-patients with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 114: 265–73
  • Malm U, Ivarsson B, Allebeck P, Falloon IR. Integrated care in schizophrenia: A 2-year randomized controlled study of two community-based treatment programs. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003; 107: 415–23
  • Vauth R, Kleim B, Wirtz M, Corrigan PW. Self-efficacy and empowerment as outcomes of self-stigmatizing and coping in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2007; 150: 71–80
  • Cronholm, B, von Knorring, L. Evaluation of mental health service programs. Swedish Medical Research Council Symposium Hässelby Castle, Stockholm;. 1983.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.