Severe clinical events in 100 patients with schizophrenia: a retrospective clinical description using a system-specific psychopathological approach

References

• Fazel S, Wolf A, Palm C, Lichtenstein P. Violent crime, suicide, and premature mortality in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders: a 38-year total population study in Sweden. Lancet Psychiatr. 2014;1:44–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakhar K, Bhatia T, Saha R, Deshpande SN. A cross sectional study of prevalence and correlates of current and past risks in schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr. 2015;14:36–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singhal A, Ross J, Seminog O, et al. Risk of self-harm and suicide in people with specific psychiatric and physical disorders: comparisons between disorders using English national record linkage. J Roy Soc Med. 2014;107:194–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hafner H, Loffler W, Maurer K, et al. Depression, negative symptoms, social stagnation and social decline in the early course of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1999;100:105–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardenas V, Abel S, Bowie CR, et al. When functional capacity and real-world functioning converge: the role of self-efficacy. Schizophr Bull. 2013;39:908–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priebe S. Social outcomes in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 2007;191:s15–s20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther S, Strik W. Motor symptoms and schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology. 2012;66:77–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther S, Strik W. Catatonia. CNS Spectr. 2016;21:341–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grover S, Chakrabarti S, Ghormode D, et al. Catatonia in inpatients with psychiatric disorders: a comparison of schizophrenia and mood disorders. Psychiatry Res. 2015;229:919–925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Heijden FM, Tuinier S, Arts NJ, et al. Catatonia: disappeared or under-diagnosed? Psychopathology. 2005;38:3–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang FU, Walther S, Stegmayer K, et al. Subtyping schizophrenia: a comparison of positive/negative and system-specific approaches. Compr Psychiatry. 2015;61:115–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strik W, Wopfner A, Horn H, et al. The Bern psychopathology scale for the assessment of system-specific psychotic symptoms. Neuropsychobiology. 2010;61:197–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford JM, Dierks T, Fisher DJ, et al. Neurophysiological studies of auditory verbal hallucinations. Schizophr Bull. 2012;38:715–723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn H, Federspiel A, Wirth M, et al. Structural and metabolic changes in language areas linked to formal thought disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;194:130–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn H, Jann K, Federspiel A, et al. Semantic network disconnection in formal thought disorder. Neuropsychobiology. 2012;66:14–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stegmayer K, Strik W, Federspiel A, et al. Specific cerebral perfusion patterns in three schizophrenia symptom dimensions. Schizophr Res. Forthcoming. [cited 2017 Mar 17]. DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.018
   Google Scholar
• Stegmayer K, Horn H, Federspiel A, et al. Ventral striatum gray matter density reduction in patients with schizophrenia and psychotic emotional dysregulation. Neuroimage Clin. 2014;4:232–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther S, Federspiel A, Horn H, et al. Resting state cerebral blood flow and objective motor activity reveal basal ganglia dysfunction in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2011;192:117–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther S, Federspiel A, Horn H, et al. Alterations of white matter integrity related to motor activity in schizophrenia. Neurobiol Dis. 2011;42:276–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang FU, Müller-Stierlin AS, Walther S, et al. Psychopathological symptoms assessed by a system-specific approach are related to global functioning in schizophrenic disorders. Psychopathology. 2016;49:77--82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson-Schmidt H, Adler L, Aly C, et al. The “DGPPN-Cohort”: a national collaboration initiative by the German Association for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (DGPPN) for establishing a large-scale cohort of psychiatric patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013;263:695–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittchen H-U, Zaudig M, Fydrich T. Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview für DSM-IV. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13:261–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenton WS, McGlashan TH, Victor BJ, Blyler CR. Symptoms, subtype, and suicidality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154:199–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuivenga M, Morrens M. Prevalence of the catatonic syndrome in an acute inpatient sample. Front Psychiatry. 2014;5:174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonhard K. Aufteilung der endogenen Psychosen und ihre differenzierte Ätiologie, 7. Auflage. Stuttgart, New York: Thieme; 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Lang FU, Lang S, Becker T, Jäger M. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome or catatonia? Trying to solve the catatonic dilemma. Psychopharmacology. 2015;232:1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witt K, Hawton K, Fazel S. The relationship between suicide and violence in schizophrenia: analysis of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) dataset. Schizophr Res. 2014;154:61–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallego JA, Rachamallu V, Yuen EY, et al. Predictors of suicide attempts in 3.322 patients with affective disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res. 2015;228:791–796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjelby E, Sinkeviciute I, Gjestad R, et al. Suicidality in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the relationship to hallucinations and persecutory delusions. Eur Psychiatry. 2015;30:830–836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagels A, Fahrmann P, Stratmann M, et al. Distinct neuropsychological correlates in positive and negative formal thought disorder syndromes: the thought and language disorder scale in endogenous psychoses. Neuropsychobiology. 2016;73:139–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Challis S, Nielssen O, Harris A, Large M. Systematic meta-analysis of the risk factors for deliberate self-harm before and after treatment for first-episode psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013;127:442–454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazel S, Gulati G, Linsell L, et al. Schizophrenia and violence: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayan VM, Narr KL, Kumari V, et al. Regional cortical thinning in subjects with violent antisocial personality disorder or schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:1418–1427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoptman MJ. Impulsivity and aggression in schizophrenia: a neural circuitry perspective with implications for treatment. CNS Spectr. 2015;20:280–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoretsanitis G, Kutynia A, Stegmayer K, et al. Keep at bay! – abnormal personal space regulation as marker of paranoia in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry. 2016;31:1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karabekiroglu A, Pazvantoglu O, Karabekiroglu K, et al. Associations with violent and homicidal behaviour among men with schizophrenia. Nord J Psychiatry. 2016;70:303–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evensen S, Ueland T, Lystad JU, et al. Employment outcome and predictors of competitive employment at 2-year follow-up of a vocational rehabilitation programme for individuals with schizophrenia in a high-income welfare society. Nord J Psychiatry. 2017;71:180–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar