Psychometric properties and normative data of the Latvian and Russian language versions of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) in the Latvian general adolescent population

References

• Suhrcke M, Pillas D, Selai C. Economic aspects of mental health in children and adolescents. In Social cohesion for mental wellbeing among adolescents. Geneva: WHO; 2008. p. 43–64.
   Google Scholar
• Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, et al. Annual research review: a meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;56(3):345–365. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merikangas KR, Nakamura EF, Kessler RC. Epidemiology of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2009;11(1):7–20. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2009.11.1/krmerikangas.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kessler RC, Amminger GP, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, et al. Age of onset of mental disorders: a review of recent literature. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2007;20(4):359–364. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32816ebc8c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGorry PD, Mei C. Early intervention in youth mental health: progress and future directions. Evid Based Ment Health. 2018;21(4):182–184. doi: 10.1136/ebmental-2018-300060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnell D, Kidger J, Elvidge H. Adolescent mental health in crisis. BMJ. 2018;361:k2608. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k2608.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ford T, John A, Gunnell D. Mental health of children and young people during pandemic. BMJ. 2021;372:n614. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n614.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World Health Organization. Adolescent mental health [Internet]. 2021. [cited 2022 Dec 19]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health.
   Google Scholar
• Costello DM, Swendsen J, Rose JS, et al. Risk and protective factors associated with trajectories of depressed mood from adolescence to early adulthood. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008;76(2):173–183. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Membridge H. Mental health: early intervention in children and young people. Br J Nurs. 2016;25(10):552–557.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Becker-Haimes EM, Tabachnick AR, Last BS, et al. Evidence base update for brief, free, and accessible youth mental health measures. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2020;49(1):1–17. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1689824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner J. Clinicians’ guide to evaluating diagnostic and screening tests in psychiatry. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2004;10(6):446–454. doi: 10.1192/apt.10.6.446.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Children’s Fund. The state of the world’s children 2021: on My Mind - Promoting, protecting and caring for children’s mental health. New York (NY): UNICEF; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Erskine HE, Baxter AJ, Patton G, et al. The global coverage of prevalence data for mental disorders in children and adolescents. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2017;26(4):395–402. doi: 10.1017/S2045796015001158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman R. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997;38(5):581–586. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YouthInMind [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct 25]. Available from: https://sdqinfo.org/py/sdqinfo/b3.py?language=Latvian
   Google Scholar
• Achenbach TM, Becker A, Döpfner M, et al. Multicultural assessment of child and adolescent psychopathology with ASEBA and SDQ instruments: research findings, applications, and future directions. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008;49(3):251–275. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01867.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman R, Ford T, Simmons H, et al. Using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) to screen for child psychiatric disorders in a community sample. Br J Psychiatry. 2000;177(6):534–539. doi: 10.1192/bjp.177.6.534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bezborodovs Ņ, Kočāne A, Rancāns E, et al. Clinical utility of the parent-report version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) in latvian child and adolescent psychiatry practice. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58(11):1599. doi: 10.3390/medicina58111599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinsone B, Supe I, Stokenberga I, et al. Social emotional competence, learning outcomes, emotional and behavioral difficulties of preschool children: parent and teacher evaluations. Front Psychol. 2021;12:760782. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.760782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruchkin V, Koposov R, Schwab-Stone M. The strength and difficulties questionnaire: scale validation with russian adolescents. J Clin Psychol. 2007;63(9):861–869. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currie C, Zanotti C, Morgan A, et al. Social determinants of health and well-being among young people. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: international report from the 2009/2010 survey. World Health Organisation Health Policy for children and adolescents, No 6. 2012. p. 1–272. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Life-stages/child-and-adolescent-health/publications/2012/social-determinants-of-health-and-well-being-among-young-people.-health-behaviour-in-school-aged-children-hbsc-study.
   Google Scholar
• Inchley J, Currie D, Budisavljevic S, et al. Spotlight on adolescent health and well-being survey in Europe and Canada International report VOLUME 1. KEY FINDINGS [Internet]. Health behaviour in school-aged children. HBSC; 2018. Available from: http://apps.who.int/bookorders.
   Google Scholar
• Currie C, Alemán Díaz AY, Bosáková L, et al. The international family affluence scale (FAS): charting 25 years of indicator development, evidence produced, and policy impact on adolescent health inequalities. SSM Popul Health. 2023;25:101599. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muris P, Meesters C, Van den Berg F. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) further evidence for its reliability and validity in a community sample of Dutch children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003;12(1):1–8. doi: 10.1007/s00787-003-0298-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawes DJ, Dadds MR. Australian data and psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2004;38(8)(38):644–651. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1614.2004.01427.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannakopoulos G, Tzavara C, Dimitrakaki C, et al. The factor structure of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) in Greek adolescents. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2009;8(1):20. doi: 10.1186/1744-859X-8-20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ortuño-Sierra J, Fonseca-Pedrero E, Paino M, et al. Screening mental health problems during adolescence: psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. J Adolesc. 2015;38(1):49–56. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.11.001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ortuño-Sierra J, Chocarro E, Fonseca-Pedrero E, et al. The assessment of emotional and behavioural problems: internal structure of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2015;15(3):265–273. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2015.05.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickey WC, Blumberg SJ. Revisiting the factor structure of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire: United States, 2001. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;43(9):1159–1167. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000132808.36708.a9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Leeuwen K, Meerschaert T, Bosmans G, et al. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire in a community sample of young children in flanders. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2006;22(3):189–197. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.22.3.189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niclasen J, Dammeyer J. Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire and mental health problems among children with hearing loss. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2016;21(2):129–140. doi: 10.1093/deafed/env067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essau CA, Olaya B, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, et al. Psychometric properties of the strength and difficulties questionnaire from five European countries. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2012;21(3):232–245. doi: 10.1002/mpr.1364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman A, Goodman R. Strengths and difficulties questionnaire as a dimensional measure of child mental health. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48(4):400–403. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181985068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman A, Lamping DL, Ploubidis GB. When to use broader internalising and externalising subscales instead of the hypothesised five subscales on the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ): data from British parents, teachers and children. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2010;38(8):1179–1191. doi: 10.1007/s10802-010-9434-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zumbo BD, Gadermann AM, Zeisser C. Ordinal versions of coefficients alpha and theta for likert rating scales. J Mod App Stat Meth. 2007;6(1):21–29. doi: 10.22237/jmasm/1177992180.
   Google Scholar
• Rosseel Y. lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. J Stat Software 2012;48(2):1–36. doi: 10.18637/jss.v048.i02.
   Google Scholar
• R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2012. http://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Shatz I. Assumption-checking rather than (just) testing: the importance of visualization and effect size in statistical diagnostics. Behav Res Methods. 2023;56(2):826–845. doi: 10.3758/s13428-023-02072-x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Browne MW, Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociol Methods Res. 21(2):230–258. doi: 10.1177/0049124192021002005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu LT, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Eq Model. 1999;6(1):1–55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brøndbo PH, Mathiassen B, Martinussen M, et al. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire as a screening instrument for Norwegian child and adolescent mental health services, application of UK scoring algorithms. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2011;5(1):32. doi: 10.1186/1753-2000-5-32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goodman R. Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;40(11):1337–1345. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200111000-00015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevanovic D, Urbán R, Atilola O, et al. Does the strengths and difficulties questionnaire-self report yield invariant measurements across different nations? Data from the international child mental health study group. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2015;24(4):323–334. doi: 10.1017/S2045796014000201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vugteveen J, de Bildt A, Timmerman ME. Normative data for the self-reported and parent-reported strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) for ages 12–17. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2022;16(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s13034-021-00437-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker A, Wang B, Kunze B, et al. Normative data of the self-report version of the German strengths and difficulties questionnaire in an epidemiological setting. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother. 2018;46(6):523–533. doi: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortuño-Sierra J, Sebastián-Enesco C, Pérez-Albéniz A, et al. Spanish normative data of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire in a community-based sample of adolescents: datos normativos españoles del cuestionario de capacidades y dificultades (SDQ) en una muestra comunitaria de adolescentes. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2022;22(3):100328. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Rescorla LA, et al. Internalizing/externalizing problems: review and recommendations for clinical and research applications. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016;55(8):647–656. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duinhof EL, Lek KM, De Looze ME, et al. Revising the self-report strengths and difficulties questionnaire for cross-country comparisons of adolescent mental health problems: the SDQ-R. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2019;29:e35. doi: 10.1017/S2045796019000246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riso DD, Salcuni S, Chessa D, et al. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Early evidence of its reliability and validity in a community sample of Italian children. Pers Individ Dif. 2010;49(6):570–575. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellor D. Normative data for the strengths and difficulties questionnaire in Australia. Aust Psychol. 2005;40(3):215–222. doi: 10.1080/00050060500243475.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaete J, Montero-Marin J, Valenzuela D, et al. Mental health among children and adolescents: construct validity, reliability, and parent-adolescent agreement on the ‘strengths and difficulties questionnaire’ in Chile. PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0191809. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bøe T, Hysing M, Skogen JC, et al. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ): factor structure and gender equivalence in Norwegian adolescents. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0152202. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson P, Larm P, Svensson J, et al. The factor structure of the strength and difficulties questionnaire in a national sample of Swedish adolescents: comparing 3 and 5- factor models. PLoS One. 2022;17(3):e0265481. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Percy A, McCrystal P, Higgins K. Confirmatory factor analysis of the adolescent self-report strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2008;24(1):43–48. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.24.1.43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellor D, Stokes M. The factor structure of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2007;23(2):105–112. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.23.2.105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoofs H, Jansen NWH, Mohren DCL, et al. The context dependency of the self-report version of the strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ): a cross-sectional study between two administration settings. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0120930. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rancans E, Trapencieris M, Ivanovs R, et al. Validity of the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 to screen for depression in nationwide primary care population in Latvia. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2018;17(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s12991-018-0203-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vrublevska J, Renemane L, Kivite-Urtane A, et al. Validation of the generalized anxiety disorder scales (GAD-7 and GAD-2) in primary care settings in Latvia. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:972628. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.972628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar