Development and psychometric properties of the Emotional State Questionnaire, a self-report questionnaire for depression and anxiety

References

• Glass RM, Uhlenhuth EH, Kellner R. The value of self-report assessment in studies of anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychophar-macol 1987;7:215–21.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke DM, Smith GC, Herrman HE. A comparative study of screening instruments for mental disorders in general hospital patients. Int .1- Psychiatry Med 1993;23: 323–37.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Composite International Diagnos-tic Interview 1.1 (CIDI). Geneva: World Health Organization; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Spitzer R, Williams J, Gibbon M, First M. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Wittchen H-U, Boyer P. Screening for anxiety disorders. Br J Psychiatry 1998;173 Suppl 34:10–7.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:8–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearns NP, Cruickshank CA, McGuigan KJ, Riley SA, Shaw SP, Snaith RP. A comparison of depression rating scales. Br J Psychiatry 1982;141:45–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svanborg P, Asberg M. A new self-rating scale for depression and anxiety states based on the Comprehensive Psychopatho-logical Rating Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994;89:21–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig TJ, Jandorf L, Rubinstein J. Interrater and observer/self-report correlation of psychopathology in routine clinical prac-tice. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1995;7:25–31.
   Google Scholar
• Mattila-Evenden M, Svanborg P, Gustavsson P, Asberg M. Determinants of self-rating and expert rating concordance in psychiatric out-patients, using the affective subscales of the CPRS. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996;94:386–96.
   Google Scholar
• Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock JE, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, Vagg PR, Jacobs GA. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto (CA): Consulting Psychologists Press; 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988;56:893–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983;67:361–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emo-tional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Invento-ries. Behav Res Ther 1995;33:335–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Covi L. SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric rating scale-preliminary report. Psychopharmacol Bull 1973;9: 13–28.
   Google Scholar
• Kellner R. A symptom questionnaire. J Clin Psychiatry 1987;48:268–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med 1979;9:139–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salokangas RK, Poutanen 0, Stengard E. Screening for de-pression in primary care. Development and validation of the Depression Scale, a screening instrument for depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995;92:10–6.
   Google Scholar
• Pakriev S, Vasar V, Aluoja A, Saarma M, Shlik J. Screening for depression in the rural population in Udmurtia. Nord J Psychiatry 1997;51:325–30.
   Google Scholar
• Leinsalu M, Grintshak M, Noorköiv R, Silver B. Estonian health Interview Survey 1996. Methodological report. Tallinn: Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington (DC): Ameri-can Psychiatric Association; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. The ICD-10 classification of men-tal and behavioural disorders. Diagnostic criteria for research. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Zeffert S, Clark A, Dobson CJ, Jones A, Peck D. The Symp-tom Questionnaire: British standardization data. Br J Clin Psy-chol 1996;35:85–90.
   Google Scholar
• Brown TA, Chorpita BF, Korotitsch W, Barlow DH. Psycho-metric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in clinical samples. Behav Res Ther 1997;35:79–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holi MM, Sammallahti PR, Aalberg VA. A Finnish validation study of the SCL-90. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998;97: 42–6.
   Google Scholar
• El-Rufaie OE, Absood GH, Abou-Saleh MT. The primary care anxiety and depression (PCAD) scale: a culture-oriented screen-ing scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997;95:119–24.
   Google Scholar
• Dobson KS. An analysis of anxiety and depression scales. J Pers Assess 1985;49:522–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spinhoven P, Ormel J, Sloekers PP, Kempen GI, Speckens AE, Van Hemert AM. A validation study of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in different groups of Dutch subjects. Psychol Med 1997;27:363–70.
   Google Scholar
• Clark LA, Watson D. Tripartite model of anxiety and depres-sion: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. J Ab-norm Psychol 1991;100:316–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetzler S. Methodological issues for the differentiation of anxi-ety and depression. Clin Neuropharmacol 1986;9 Suppl 4:248–50.
   Google Scholar
• Feldman LA. Distinguishing depression and anxiety in self-re-port: evidence from confirmatory factor analysis on nonclinical and clinical samples. J Consult Clin Psychol 1993;61:631–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns DD, Eidelson RJ. Why are depression and anxiety cor-related? A test of the tripartite model. J Consult Clin Psychol 1998;66:461–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar