Design and Optimization of PLGA Particles to Deliver Immunomodulatory Drugs for the Prevention of Skin Allograft Rejection

References

• Angaswamy N, Tiriveedhi V, Sarma NJ, Subramanian V, Klein C, Wellen J, Shenoy S, Chapman WC, Mohanakumar T. 2013. Interplay between immune responses to HLA and non-HLA self-antigens in allograft rejection. Hum Immunol. 74(11):1478–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balmert SC, Little SR. 2012. Biomimetic delivery with micro- and nanoparticles. Adv Mater. 24:3757–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao W, Liu R, Wang Y, Wang F, Xia G, Zhang H, Li X, Yin H, Chen B. 2015. PLGA-PLL-PEG-Tf-based targeted nanoparticles drug delivery system enhance antitumor efficacy via intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Int J Nanomed. 10:557–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benichou G. 1999. Direct and indirect antigen recognition: the pathways to allograft immune rejection. Front Biosci. 4:D476–D80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Black KS, Hewitt CW, Fraser LA. 1982. Cosmas and Damian in the laboratory. N Engl J Med. 306:368–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blazar BR, Carreno BM, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Carter L, Iwai Y, Yagita H, Nishimura H, Taylor PA. 2003. Blockade of programmed death-1 engagement accelerates graft-versus-host disease lethality by an IFN-gamma-dependent mechanism. J Immunol. 171:1272–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant J, K A H, Zhang X, Yap W-T, Zhang L, Shea LD, Luo X. 2014. Nanoparticle delivery of donor antigens for transplant tolerance in allogeneic islet transplantation. Biomaterials. 35:8887–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher DA, Mullins RD. 2010. Cell mechanics and the cytoskeleton. Nature. 463:485–92. doi:10.1038/nature08908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champion JA, Walker A, Mitragotri S. 2008. Role of particle size in phagocytosis of polymeric microspheres. Pharm Res. 25:1815–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho EC, Xie J, Wurm PA, Xia Y. 2009. Understanding the role of surface charges in cellular adsorption versus internalization by selectively removing gold nanoparticles on the cell surface with a I2/KI etchant. Nano Lett. 9(3):1080–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleland JL, Powell MF, Shire SJ. 1993. The development of stable protein formulations: a close look at protein aggregation, deamidation, and oxidation. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 10(4):307–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo G, Padera R, Langer R, Kohane DS. 2005. Prolonged duration local anesthesia with lipid-protein-sugar particles containing bupivacaine and dexamethasone. J Biomed Mater Res A. 75:458–64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Conde P, Rodriguez M, Van Der Touw W, Jimenez A, Burns M, Miller J, Brahmachary M, Chen H-M, Boros P, Rausell-Palamos F, et al. 2015. DC-SIGN(+) Macrophages control the induction of transplantation tolerance. Immunity. 42:1143–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunnusamy K, Paunicka K, Reyes N, Yang W, Chen PW, Niederkorn JY. 2010. Two different regulatory T cell populations that promote corneal allograft survival. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 51(12):6566–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dal Porto J, T E J, Catipovic B, Parfiit DJ, Tuveson D, Gether U, Kozlowski S, Fearon DT, Schneck JP. 1993. A soluble divalent class I major histocompatibility complex molecule inhibits alloreactive T cells at nanomolar concentrations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90:6671–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dane KY, Nembrini C, Tomei AA, Eby JK, O’Neil CP, Velluto D, Swartz MA, Inverardi L, Hubbell JA. 2011. Nano-sized drug-loaded micelles deliver payload to lymph node immune cells and prolong allograft survival. J Control Release. 156:154–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danhier F, Ansorena E, Silva JM, Coco R, Le Breton A, Préat V. 2012. PLGA-based nanoparticles: an overview of biomedical applications. J Control Release. 161:505–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Den Haan JM, Lehar SM, Bevan MJ. 2000. CD8(+) but not CD8(-) dendritic cells cross-prime cytotoxic T cells in vivo. J Exp Med. 192:1685–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devarajan PV, Jindal AB, Patil RR, Mulla F, Gaikwad RV, Samad A. 2010. Particle shape: A new design parameter for passive targeting in splenotropic drug delivery. J Pharm Sci. 99:2576–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domagala-Kulawik J. 2015. The role of the immune system in non-small cell lung carcinoma and potential for therapeutic intervention. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 4:177–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erfani N, Mehrabadi SM, Ghayumi MA, Haghshenas MR, Mojtahedi Z, Ghaderi A, Amani D. 2012. Increase of regulatory T cells in metastatic stage and CTLA-4 over expression in lymphocytes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer. 77:306–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Errasti P, Izquierdo D, Martin P, Errasti M, Slon F, Romero A, Lavilla FJ. 2010. Pneumonitis associated with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in renal transplant recipients: A single-center experience. Transplant Proc. 42:3053–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farokhzad OC, Karp JM, Langer R. 2006. Nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates for cancer targeting. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 3:311–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fauci AS, Dale DC. 1974. The effect of in vivo hydrocortisone on subpopulations of human lymphocytes. J Clin Invest. 53:240–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fehres CM, Unger WW, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, van Kooyk Y. 2014. Understanding the biology of antigen cross-presentation for the design of vaccines against cancer. Front Immunol. 5:149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fessi H, Puisieux F, Devissaguet JP, Ammoury N, Benita S. 1989. Nanocapsule formation by interfacial polymer deposition following solvent displacement. Int J Pharmaceutics. 55:R1–R4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher JD, Acharya AP, Little SR. 2015. Micro and nanoparticle drug delivery systems for preventing allotransplant rejection. Clin Immunol. 160:24–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Game DS, Lechler RI. 2002. Pathways of allorecognition: implications for transplantation tolerance. Transplant Immunol. 10:101–08.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geng Y, Dalhaimer P, Cai S, Tsai R, Tewari M, Minko T, Discher DE. 2007. Shape effects of filaments versus spherical particles in flow and drug delivery. Nat Nanotechnol. 2:249–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Getts DR, Shea LD, Miller SD, King NJC. 2016. Harnessing nanoparticles for immune modulation. Trends Immunol. 36:419–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giteau A, Venier-Julienne MC, Marchal S, Courthaudon J, Sergent M, Monteromenei C, Verdier J, Benoit J. 2008. Reversible protein precipitation to ensure stability during encapsulation within PLGA microspheres. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 70:127–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glowacki AJ, Gottardi R, Yoshizawa S, Cavalla F, Garlet GP, Sfeir C, Little SR. 2015. Strategies to direct the enrichment, expansion, and recruitment of regulatory cells for the treatment of disease. Ann Biomed Eng. 43:593–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyal R, Macri L, Kohn J. 2015. Formulation strategy for the delivery of cyclosporine a: comparison of two polymeric nanospheres. Sci Rep. 5:13065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gratton SE, Ropp PA, Pohlhaus PD, Luft JC, Madden VJ, Napier ME, DeSimone JM. 2008. The effect of particle design on cellular internalization pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 105:11613–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guedj AS, Kell AJ, Barnes M, Stals S, Gonçalves D, Girard D, Lavigne C. 2015. Preparation, characterization, and safety evaluation of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles for protein delivery into macrophages. Int J Nanomed. 10:5965–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hachem RR. 2009. Lung allograft rejection: diagnosis and management. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 14:477–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hans ML, Lowman AM. 2002. Biodegradable nanoparticles for drug delivery and targeting. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci. 6:319–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris BJ, Dalhaimer P. 2012. Particle shape effects in vitro and in vivo. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 4:1344–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris JM, Martin NE, Modi M. 2001. Pegylation: A novel process for modifying pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet. 40:539–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess PR, Barnes C, Woolard MD, Johnson MDL, Cullen JM, Collins EJ, Frelinger JA. 2007. Selective deletion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by MHC class I tetramers coupled to the type I ribosome-inactivating protein saporin. Blood. 109:3300–07.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hlavaty KA, Luo X, Shea LD, Miller SD. 2015. Cellular and molecular targeting for nanotherapeutics in transplantation tolerance. Clin Immunol. 160:14–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho CC, Keller A, Odell JA, Ottewill RH. 1993. Preparation of monodisperse ellipsoidal polystyrene particles. Colloid Polymer Sci. 271:469–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang J, Zeng X, Sigal N, Lund PJ, Su LF, Huang H, Chien Y-H, Davis MM. 2016. Detection, phenotyping, and quantification of antigen-specific T cells using a peptide-MHC dodecamer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 113:E1890–E97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang HS, Han AR, Lee JY, Park GS, Min W-S, Kim H-J. 2019. Enhanced anti-leukemic effects through induction of immunomodulating microenvironment by blocking CXCR4 and PD-L1 in an AML mouse model. Immunol Invest. 48:96–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito T, Ueno T, Clarkson MR, Yuan X, Jurewicz MM, Yagita H, Azuma M, Sharpe AH, Auchincloss H, Sayegh MH, et al. 2005. Analysis of the role of negative T cell costimulatory pathways in CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated alloimmune responses in vivo. J Immunol. 174:6648–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J A C, Y K K, Mitragotri S. 2007. Particle shape: A new design parameter for micro- and nanoscale drug delivery carriers. J Control Release. 121:3–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jhunjhunwala S, Raimondi G, Thomson AW, Little SR. 2009. Delivery of rapamycin to dendritic cells using degradable microparticles. J Control Release. 133:191–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kino T, Hatanaka H, Hashimoto M, Nishiyama M, Goto T, Okuhara M, Kohsaka M, Aoki H, Imanaka H. 1987. FK-506, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from a Streptomyces. I. Fermentation, isolation, and physico-chemical and biological characteristics. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 40:1249–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirti A, Wang Q, Zhao J. 2017. A new era of immunotherapy in malignant melanoma. Biomed Lett. 3:122–29.
   Google Scholar
• Koenecke C, Czeloth N, Bubke A, Schmitz S, Kissenpfennig A, Malissen B, Huehn J, Ganser A, Förster R, Prinz I, et al. 2009. Alloantigen-specific de novo-induced Foxp3+ Treg revert in vivo and do not protect from experimental GVHD. Eur J Immunol. 39:3091–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohane DS. 2007. Microparticles and nanoparticles for drug delivery. Biotechnol Bioeng. 96:203–09.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohane DS, Plesnila N, Thomas SS, Le D, Langer R, Moskowitz MA. 2002. Lipid-sugar particles for intracranial drug delivery: safety and biocompatibility. Brain Res. 946:206–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohnepoushi C, Nejati V, Delirezh N, Biparva P. 2019. Poly Lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles containing human gastric tumor lysates as antigen delivery vehicles for dendritic cell-based antitumor immunotherapy. Immunol Invest. 48:794–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kono H, Rock KL. 2008. How dying cells alert the immune system to danger. Nat Rev Immunol. 8:279–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosiewicz MM, Krishnan A, Worthington MT, Matriano J, Ross W. 2002. B cells engineered to express Fas ligand suppress pre-sensitized antigen-specific T cell responses in vivo. Eur J Immunol. 32:1679–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumari A, Yadav SK, Yadav SC. 2010. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery systems. Colloids Surf B. 75:1–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon HY, Lee JY, Choi SW, Jang Y, Kim JH. 2001. Preparation of PLGA nanoparticles containing estrogen by emulsification-diffusion method. Colloid Surface A. 182:123–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu W, Xiao X, Demirci G, Madsen J, Li XC. 2012. Innate NK cells and macrophages recognize and reject allogeneic nonself in vivo via different mechanisms. J Immunol. 188:2703–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longmuir KJ, Robertson RT, Haynes SM, Baratta JL, Waring AJ. 2006. Effective targeting of liposomes to liver and hepatocytes in vivo by incorporation of a Plasmodium amino acid sequence. Pharm Res. 23:759–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masri MA. 2003. The mosaic of immunosuppressive drugs. Mol Immunol. 39:1073–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massarelli E, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Welsh J. 2014. Immunotherapy in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 3:53–63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mccarthy DP, Hunter ZN, Chackerian B, Shea LD, Miller SD. 2014. Targeted immunomodulation using antigen-conjugated nanoparticles. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 6:298–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mescher MF. 1992. Surface contact requirements for activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 149:2402–05.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer RA, Sunshine JC, Green JJ. 2015a. Biomimetic particles as therapeutics. Trends Biotechnol. 33:514–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer RA, Sunshine JC, Perica K, Kosmides AK, Aje K, Schneck JP, Green JJ. 2015b. Biodegradable nanoellipsoidal artificial antigen presenting cells for antigen specific T-cell activation. Small. 11:1519–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhammed M, Tsakalakos T. 2003. Nanostructured materials and nanotechnology: overview. Korean J Ceram. 40:1–1046.
   Google Scholar
• Muller RH, Jacobs C, Kayser O. 2001. Nanosuspensions as particulate drug formulations in therapy: rationale for development and what we can expect for the future. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 47:3–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nanji SA, Shapiro AM. 2004. Islet transplantation in patients with diabetes mellitus: choice of immunosuppression. BioDrugs. 18:315–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’garra A, Vieira P. 2007. T(H)1 cells control themselves by producing interleukin-10. Nat Rev Immunol. 7:425–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberbarnscheidt MH, Zeng Q, Li Q, Dai H, Williams AL, Shlomchik WD, Rothstein DM, Lakkis FG. 2014. Non-self recognition by monocytes initiates allograft rejection. J Clin Invest. 124:3579–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oldenborg PA, Zheleznyak A, Fang YF, Lagenaur CF, Gresham HD, Lindberg FP. 2000. Role of CD47 as a marker of self on red blood cells. Science. 288:2051–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page EK, Dar WA, Knechtle SJ. 2012. Tolerogenic therapies in transplantation. Front Immunol. 3:198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pei W, Wan X, Shahzad KA. 2018. Direct modulation of myelin-autoreactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in EAE mice by a tolerogenic nanoparticle co-carrying myelin peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complexes, CD47 and multiple regulatory molecules. Int J Nanomed. 13:3731–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrault SD, Walkey C, Jennings T. 2009. Mediating tumor targeting efficiency of nanoparticles through design. Nano Lett. 9:1909–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietra BA, Wiseman A, Bolwerk A, Rizeq M, Gill RG. 2000. CD4 T cell-mediated cardiac allograft rejection requires donor but not host MHC class II. J Clin Invest. 106:1003–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilat N, Sayegh MH, Wekerle T. 2011. Costimulatory pathways in transplantation. Semin Immunol. 23:293–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poon IK, Lucas CD, Rossi AG, Ravichandran KS. 2014. Apoptotic cell clearance: basic biology and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Immunol. 14:166–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prokop A, Davidson JM. 2008. Nanovehicular intracellular delivery systems. J Pharm Sci. 97:3518–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reck M, Paz-Ares L. 2015. Immunologic checkpoint blockade in lung cancer [J]. Semin Oncol. 42:402–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy ST, Rehor A, Schmoekel HG, Hubbell JA, Swartz MA. 2006. In vivo targeting of dendritic cells in lymph nodes with poly(propylene sulfide) nanoparticles. J Control Release. 112:26–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes NJ, Chen PW, Niederkorn JY. 2013. Allergic conjunctivitis renders CD4(+) T cells resistant to t regulatory cells and exacerbates corneal allograft rejection. Am J Transplant. 13:1181–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley JL, June CH, Blazar BR. 2009. Human T regulatory cell therapy: take a billion or so and call me in the morning. Immunity. 30:656–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarfati M, Fortin G, Raymond M,Susin S. 2008. CD47 in the immune response: role of thrombospondin and SIRP-alpha reverse signaling. Curr Drug Targets. 9:842–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer DF, Sorrell MF. 2002. Optimising immunosuppression. Lancet. 360:1114–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneck JP, Slansky JE, O’herrin SM. 2001. Monitoring antigen-specific T cells using MHC-Ig dimers. Curr Protoc Immunol. 17:12. Chapter Unit.
   Google Scholar
• Schutz C, Fleck M, Mackensen A, Zoso A, Halbritter D, Schneck JP, Oelke M. 2008. Killer artificial antigen-presenting cells: A novel strategy to delete specific T cells. Blood. 111:3546–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schutz C, Oelke M, Schneck JP, Mackensen A, Fleck M. 2010. Killer artificial antigen-presenting cells: the synthetic embodiment of a ‘guided missile’. Immunotherapy. 2:539–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah S, Daneshmandi S, Hughes KR, Yu S, Bedoya AM, Shea LD, Luo X. 2019a. Optimizing PLG nanoparticle-peptide delivery platforms for transplantation tolerance using an allogeneic skin transplant model. Biomaterials. 210:70–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah SA, Sohail M, Khan S. 2019b. Biopolymer-based biomaterials for accelerated diabetic wound healing: A critical review. Int J Biol Macromol. 139:975–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahzad KA, Wan X, Zhang L, Pei W, Zhang A, Younis M, Wang W, Shen C. 2018. On-target and direct modulation of alloreactive T cells by a nanoparticle carrying MHC alloantigen, regulatory molecules and CD47 in a murine model of alloskin transplantation. 25:703–15. doi:10.1080/10717544.2018.1447049.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma G, Valenta DT, Altman Y, Harvey S, Xie H, Mitragotri S, Smith JW. 2010. Polymer particle shape independently influences binding and internalization by macrophages. J Control Release. 147:408–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shilling RA, Wilkes DS. 2009. Immunobiology of chronic lung allograft dysfunction: new insights from the bench and beyond. Am J Transplant. 9:1714–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirali AC, Look M, Du W. 2011. Nanoparticle delivery of mycophenolic acid upregulates PD-L1 on dendritic cells to prolong murine allograft survival. Am J Transplant. 11:2582–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soppimath KS, Aminabhavi TM, Kulkarni AR, Rudzinski WE. 2001. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery devices. J Control Release. 70:1–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenblock ER, Fadel T, Labowsky M. 2011. An artificial antigen-presenting cell with paracrine delivery of IL-2 impacts the magnitude and direction of the T cell response. J Biol Chem. 286:34883–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stepkowski SM, Kahan BD. 1991. Rapamycin and cyclosporine synergistically prolong heart and kidney allograft survival. Transplant Proc. 23:3262–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storb R. 2009. B cells versus T cells as primary barrier to hematopoietic engraftment in allosensitized recipients. Blood. 113:1205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchin EJ, Langmuir PB, Palmer E, Sayegh MH, Wells AD, Turka LA. 2001. Quantifying the frequency of alloreactive T cells in vivo: new answers to an old question. J Immunol. 166:973–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi H, Yamamoto H, Kawashima Y. 2001. Mucoadhesive nanoparticulate systems for peptide drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 47:39–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao W, Zeng X, Wu J, Zhu X, Yu X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Liu G, Mei L. 2016. Polydopamine-based surface modification of novel nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates for in vivo breast cancer targeting and enhanced therapeutic effects. Theranostics. 6:470–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokita D, Ohdan H, Onoe T, Hara H, Tanaka Y, Asahara T. 2005. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells contribute to alloreactive T-cell tolerance induced by portal venous injection of donor splenocytes. Transpl Int. 18:237–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toungouz M, Donckier V, Goldman M. 2003. Tolerance induction in clinical transplantation: the pending questions. Transplantation. 75:58s–60s.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ugel S, Zoso A, De Santo C, Li Y, Marigo I, Zanovello P, Scarselli E, Cipriani B, Oelke M, Schneck JP, et al. 2009. In vivo administration of artificial antigen-presenting cells activates low-avidity T cells for treatment of cancer. Cancer Res. 69:9376–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van De Weert M, W E H, Jiskoot W. 2000. Protein instability in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles. Pharm Res. 17:1159–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma A, Stellacci F. 2010. Effect of surface properties on nanoparticle-cell interactions. Small. 6:12–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vert M, Mauduit J, Li S. 1994. Biodegradation of PLA/GA polymers: increasing complexity. Biomaterials. 15:1209–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan X, Pei W, Shahzad KA. 2018a. A tolerogenic artificial apc durably ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by directly and selectively modulating myelin peptide-autoreactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. J Immunol. 201:1194–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan X, Pei W, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Shahzad KA, Xu T, Shen C. 2018b. Inconsistence between number and function of autoreactive T cells in the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunol Invest. 47:1–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Byrne JD, Napier ME, DeSimone JM. 2011. More effective nanomedicines through particle design. Small. 7:1919–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Q, Uno T, Miyamoto Y, Hara Y, Kitazawa Y, Lu F-Z, Funeshima N, Fujino M, Yamamoto H, Takenaka H, et al. 2004. Biodegradable microsphere-loaded tacrolimus enhanced the effect on mice islet allograft and reduced the adverse effect on insulin secretion. Am J Transplant. 4:721–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang W, Fang K, Li MC, Chang D, Shahzad KA, Xu T, Zhang L, Gu N, Shen C-L. 2016. A biodegradable killer microparticle to selectively deplete antigen-specific T cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget. 7:12176–90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang W, Fang K, Wang X, Li M, Wu Y, Chen F, Shahzad KA, Gu N, Shen C. 2015a. Antigen-specific killer polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres can prolong alloskin graft survival in a murine model. Immunol Invest. 44(4):385–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang W, Shahzad KA, Li M, Zhang A, Zhang L, Xu T, Wan X, Shen C. 2017. An antigen-presenting and apoptosis-inducing polymer microparticle prolongs alloskin graft survival by selectively and markedly depleting alloreactive CD8+ T cells. Front Immunol. 8:657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Ouyang L, Liang Z, Chen J, Yu Q, Jeza VT, Gong Y, Shen G, Weng X, Wu X, et al. 2015b. CD8(low)CD28(-) T cells: A human CD8 T-suppressor subpopulation with alloantigen specificity induced by soluble HLA-A2 dimer in vitro. Cell Transplant. 24(10):2129–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson CJ, Dark JH. 2012. Organ transplantation: historical perspective and current practice. Br J Anaesth. 108(Suppl 1):i29–i42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• White KL, Rades T, Furneaux RH, Tyler PC, Hook S. 2006. Mannosylated liposomes as antigen delivery vehicles for targeting to dendritic cells. J Pharm Pharmacol. 58:729–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Z, Bensinger SJ, Zhang J, Chen C, Yuan X, Huang X, Markmann JF, Kassaee A, Rosengard BR, Hancock WW, et al. 2004. Homeostatic proliferation is a barrier to transplantation tolerance. Nat Med. 10(1):87–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye F, Barrefelt A, Asem H, Abedi-Valugerdi M, El-Serafi I, Saghafian M, Abu-Salah K, Alrokayan S, Muhammed M, Hassan M, et al. 2014. Biodegradable polymeric vesicles containing magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and anticancer drugs for drug delivery and imaging. Biomaterials. 35(12):3885–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo JW, Mitragotri S. 2010. Polymer particles that switch shape in response to a stimulus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:11205–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan XB, Yuan YB, Jiang W, Liu J, Tian EJ, Shun HM, Huang DH, Yuan XY, Li H, Sheng J. 2008. Preparation of rapamycin-loaded chitosan/PLA nanoparticles for immunosuppression in corneal transplantation. Int J Pharm. 349:241–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang HG, Su X, Liu D, Liu W, Yang P, Wang Z, Edwards CK, Bluethmann H, Mountz JD, Zhou T, et al. 1999. Induction of specific T cell tolerance by Fas ligand-expressing antigen-presenting cells. J Immunol. 162(3):1423–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Wang L, Shahzad KA, Xu T, Wan X, Pei W, Shen C., et al. 2017. Paracrine release of IL-2 and anti-CTLA-4 enhances the ability of artificial polymer antigen-presenting cells to expand antigen-specific T cells and inhibit tumor growth in a mouse model. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 9:1229–41.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang M, Yang J, Zhou J. 2019. Prognostic values of CD38(+)CD101(+)PD1(+)CD8(+) T cells in pancreatic cancer. Immunol Invest. 48:466–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Chan HF, Leong KW. 2013. Advanced materials and processing for drug delivery: the past and the future. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 65:104–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar