Effect of magnesium on vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

References

• Yao Z, Wang C, Zhang Q, et al. Prevalence of abdominal artery calcification in dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2017;49(11):2061–2069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu ZH, Yu XQ, Yang JW, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for vascular calcification in Chinese patients receiving dialysis: baseline results from a prospective cohort study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018;34(8):1491–1500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• London GM, Guerin AP, Marchais SJ, et al. Arterial media calcification in end-stage renal disease: impact on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18(9):1731–1740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block GA, Klassen PS, Lazarus JM, et al. Mineral metabolism, mortality, and morbidity in maintenance hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15(8):2208–2218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himmelsbach A, Ciliox C, Goettsch C. Cardiovascular calcification in chronic kidney disease-therapeutic opportunities. Toxins. 2020;12(3):181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier JA. Endothelial cells and magnesium: implications in atherosclerosis. Clin Sci. 2012;122(9):397–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hénaut L, Massy ZA. Magnesium as a calcification inhibitor. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2018;25(3):281–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi Y, Fujii N, Shoji T, et al. Hypomagnesemia is a significant predictor of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 2014;85(1):174–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurencin D, Almora-Barrios N, de Leeuw NH, et al. Magnesium incorporation into hydroxyapatite. Biomaterials. 2011;32(7):1826–1837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi Y. The emerging role of magnesium in CKD. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2022;26(5):379–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montes de Oca A, Guerrero F, Martinez-Moreno JM, et al. Magnesium inhibits Wnt/β-catenin activity and reverses the osteogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz-Tocados JM, Peralta-Ramirez A, Rodríguez-Ortiz ME, et al. Dietary magnesium supplementation prevents and reverses vascular and soft tissue calcifications in uremic rats. Kidney Int. 2017;92(5):1084–1099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ter Braake AD, Smit AE, Bos C, et al. Magnesium prevents vascular calcification in Klotho deficiency. Kidney Int. 2020;97(3):487–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi Y, Hamano T, Obi Y, et al. A randomized trial of magnesium oxide and oral carbon adsorbent for coronary artery calcification in predialysis CKD. JASN. 2019;30(6):1073–1085.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srisuwarn P, Sethakarun S, Nongnuch A, et al. Dialysate magnesium and coronary artery calcification, bone mineral density, and cramping in maintenance hemodialysis: a quasi-experimental study. Kidney Med. 2022;4(2):100374.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milicevic JK, Vidakovic R, Apostolovic MA, et al. Dialysate magnesium impact on progression of coronary artery calcification. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2022;(37(SUPPL 3):i541.
   Google Scholar
• Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLOS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furlan AD, Pennick V, Bombardier C, et al. 2009 Updated method guidelines for systematic reviews in the cochrane back review group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34(18):1929–1941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slim K, Nini E, Forestier D, et al. Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): development and validation of a new instrument. ANZ J Surg. 2003;73(9):712–716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang M, Zheng L, Xu H, et al. Oxidative stress contributes to vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2020;138:256–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leenders NHJ, Vermeulen EA, van Ballegooijen AJ, et al. The association between circulating magnesium and clinically relevant outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(5):3133–3147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leenders NHJ, Bos C, Hoekstra T, et al. Dietary magnesium supplementation inhibits abdominal vascular calcification in an experimental animal model of chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2022;37(6):1049–1058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishimura E, Okuno S, Kitatani K, et al. Significant association between the presence of peripheral vascular calcification and lower serum magnesium in hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol. 2007;68(4):222–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzanakis IP, Stamataki EE, Papadaki AN, et al. Magnesium retards the progress of the arterial calcifications in hemodialysis patients: a pilot study. Int Urol Nephrol. 2014;46(11):2199–2205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu C, Smith ER, Tiong MK, et al. Interventions to attenuate vascular calcification progression in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review of clinical trials. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;33(5):1011–1032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bressendorff I, Hansen D, Schou M, et al. The effect of increasing dialysate magnesium on serum calcification propensity in subjects with end stage kidney disease: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. CJASN. 2018;13(9):1373–1380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanbay M, Goldsmith D, Akcay A, et al. Phosphate – the silent stealthy cardiorenal culprit in all stages of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. Blood Purif. 2009;27(2):220–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomaschitz A, Ritz E, Pieske B, et al. Aldosterone and parathyroid hormone interactions as mediators of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Metabolism. 2014;63(1):20–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGonigle RJ, Weston MJ, Keenan J, et al. Effect of hypermagnesemia on circulating plasma parathyroid hormone in patients on regular hemodialysis therapy. Magnesium. 1984;3(1):1–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodríguez-Ortiz ME, Canalejo A, Herencia C, et al. Magnesium modulates parathyroid hormone secretion and upregulates parathyroid receptor expression at moderately low calcium concentration. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014;29(2):282–289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bots ML, Hoes AW, Koudstaal PJ, et al. Common carotid intima-media thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: the rotterdam study. Circulation. 1997;96(5):1432–1437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzanakis I, Virvidakis K, Tsomi A, et al. Intra- and extracellular magnesium levels and atheromatosis in haemodialysis patients. Magnes Res. 2004;17(2):102–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darooghegi Mofrad M, Djafarian K, Mozaffari H, et al. Effect of magnesium supplementation on endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Atherosclerosis. 2018;273:98–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turgut F, Kanbay M, Metin M, et al. Magnesium supplementation helps to improve carotid intima media thickness in patients on hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2008;40(4):1075–1082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortazavi M, Moeinzadeh F, Saadatnia M, et al. Effect of magnesium supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness and flow-mediated dilatation among hemodialysis patients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Neurol. 2013;69(5):309–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bressendorff I, Hansen D, Schou M, et al. Oral magnesium supplementation in chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4: efficacy, safety, and effect on serum calcification propensity – A prospective randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Kidney Int Rep. 2017;2(3):380–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talari HR, Zakizade M, Soleimani A, et al. Effects of magnesium supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic profiles in diabetic haemodialysis patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2019;121(7):809–817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar