Comparative safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

References

• Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the international diabetes federation diabetes atlas, 9(th) edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;157:1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koye DN, Shaw JE, Reid CM, et al. Incidence of chronic kidney disease among people with diabetes: a systematic review of observational studies. Diabet Med. 2017;34(7):887–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saran R, Robinson B, Abbott KC, et al. US renal data system 2018 annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;73(3 Suppl 1):A7–A8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koye DN, Magliano DJ, Nelson RG, et al. The global epidemiology of diabetes and kidney disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2018;25(2):121–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afkarian M, Sachs MC, Kestenbaum B, et al. Kidney disease and increased mortality risk in type 2 diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24(2):302–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas B. The global burden of diabetic kidney disease: time trends and gender gaps. Curr Diab Rep. 2019;19(4):18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugahara M, Pak WLW, Tanaka T, et al. Update on diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of diabetic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton). 2021;26(6):491–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barutta F, Bernardi S, Gargiulo G, et al. SGLT2 inhibition to address the unmet needs in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019;35(7):e3171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giorgino F, Vora J, Fenici P, et al. Cardiovascular protection with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: does it apply to all patients? Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22(9):1481–1495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo GT, De Cosmo S, Viazzi F, et al. Diabetic kidney disease in the elderly: prevalence and clinical correlates. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18(1):38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ. 2015;350:g7647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American diabetes association professional practice committee. 11. Chronic kidney disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S175–S184.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022. www.training.cochrane.org/handbook
   Google Scholar
• Huedo-Medina TB, Sánchez-Meca J, Marín-Martínez F, et al. Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis: q statistic or I2 index? Psychol Methods. 2006;11(2):193–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, et al. A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods. 2010;1(2):97–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patsopoulos NA, Evangelou E, Ioannidis JPA. Sensitivity of between-study heterogeneity in meta-analysis: proposed metrics and empirical evaluation. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37(5):1148–1157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrykiv SI, Laverman GD, de Zeeuw D, et al. The albuminuria-lowering response to dapagliflozin is variable and reproducible among individual patients. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19(10):1363–1370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fioretto P, Del Prato S, Buse JB, et al. Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment (chronic kidney disease stage 3A): the DERIVE study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(11):2532–2540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(4):347–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock C, Stefánsson B, Reyner D, et al. Albuminuria-lowering effect of dapagliflozin alone and in combination with saxagliptin and effect of dapagliflozin and saxagliptin on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (DELIGHT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(6):429–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, et al. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(7):644–657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takashima H, Yoshida Y, Nagura C, et al. Renoprotective effects of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized open-label prospective trial. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2018;15(5):469–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal B, et al. Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(24):2295–2306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wada T, Mori-Anai K, Kawaguchi Y, et al. Renal, cardiovascular and safety outcomes of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy in east and South-East asian countries: results from the canagliflozin and renal events in diabetes with established nephropathy clinical evaluation trial. J Diabetes Investig. 2022;13(1):54–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanner C, Inzucchi SE, Lachin JM, et al. Empagliflozin and progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):323–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu W, Kubota Y, Hoshika Y, et al. Effects of empagliflozin versus placebo on cardiac sympathetic activity in acute myocardial infarction patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the EMBODY trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19(1):148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunberger G, Camp S, Johnson J, et al. Ertugliflozin in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the VERTIS RENAL randomized study. Diabetes Ther. 2018;9(1):49–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannon CP, Pratley R, Dagogo-Jack S, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with ertugliflozin in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1425–1435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allegretti AS, Zhang W, Zhou W, et al. Safety and effectiveness of bexagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 3a/3b CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;74(3):328–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatt DL, Szarek M, Pitt B, et al. Sotagliflozin in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(2):129–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu B, Dong C, Hu Z, et al. Effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(8):e24655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonman-de Winter LJM, Rutten FH, Cramer MJM, et al. High prevalence of previously unknown heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2012;55(8):2154–2162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao H, Liu T, Wang L, et al. Comparative efficacy of novel antidiabetic drugs on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(8):1448–1457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaze AD, Zhuo M, Kim SC, et al. Association of SGLT2 inhibitors with cardiovascular, kidney, and safety outcomes among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelniker TA, Braunwald E. Clinical benefit of cardiorenal effects of Sodium-Glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: JACC state-of-the-Art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(4):435–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanters S. Fixed- and Random-Effects models. Methods Mol Biol Clifton NJ. 2022;2345:41–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar