U-shaped association of serum magnesium with mild cognitive impairment among hemodialysis patients: a multicenter study

References

• Pépin M, Ferreira AC, Arici M, et al. Cognitive disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease: specificities of clinical assessment. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2021;37(Suppl 2):1–8. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfab262.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Lone E, Connors M, Masson P, et al. Cognition in people with end-stage kidney disease treated with hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016;67(6):925–935. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.12.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olczyk P, Kusztal M, Gołębiowski T, et al. Cognitive impairment in end stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis: markers and risk factors. IJERPH. 2022;19(4):2389. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19042389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Zwieten A, Wong G, Ruospo M, et al. Associations of cognitive function and education level with all-cause mortality in adults on hemodialysis: findings from the COGNITIVE-HD study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;74(4):452–462. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.03.424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph SJ, Bhandari SS, Dutta S. Cognitive impairment and its correlates in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing haemodialysis. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2019;8(36):2818–2822. doi: 10.14260/jemds/2019/611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Y, Tian R, Ye P, et al. Cognitive domain impairment and all-cause mortality in older patients undergoing hemodialysis. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:828162. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.828162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griva K, Stygall J, Hankins M, et al. Cognitive impairment and 7-year mortality in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;56(4):693–703. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.07.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbagallo M, Veronese N, Dominguez LJ. Magnesium in aging, health and diseases. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):463. doi: 10.3390/nu13020463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong J, He T, Wang M, et al. Serum magnesium, mortality, and cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nephrol. 2019;32(5):791–802. doi: 10.1007/s40620-019-00601-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leenders N, Vermeulen EA, van Ballegooijen AJ, et al. The association between circulating magnesium and clinically relevant outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(5):3133–3147. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkland AE, Sarlo GL, Holton KF. The role of magnesium in neurological disorders. Nutrients. 2018;10(6):730. doi: 10.3390/nu10060730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Ghazali K, Eltayeb S, Musleh A, et al. Serum magnesium and cognitive function among qatari adults. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12:101. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam AB, Lutsey PL, Gottesman RF, et al. Low serum magnesium is associated with incident dementia in the ARIC-NCS cohort. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3074. doi: 10.3390/nu12103074.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balmuș IM, Strungaru SA, Ciobica A, et al. Preliminary data on the interaction between some biometals and oxidative stress status in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease patients. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:7156928. doi: 10.1155/2017/7156928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kieboom B, Licher S, Wolters FJ, et al. Serum magnesium is associated with the risk of dementia. Neurology. 2017;89(16):1716–1722. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray AM, Pederson SL, Tupper DE, et al. Acute variation in cognitive function in hemodialysis patients: a cohort study with repeated measures. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;50(2):270–278. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.05.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahbour SS, Wahbeh AM, Hamdan MZ. Mini mental status examination (MMSE) in stable chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis: the effects of hemodialysis on the MMSE score. A prospective study. Hemodial Int. 2009;13(1):80–85. doi: 10.1111/j.1542-4758.2009.00343.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrell FE. Regression modeling strategies: with applications to linear models, logistic and ordinal regression, and survival analysis. Berlin: Springer. 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Lu R, Xu C, Li Y, et al. The incidence prognosis and risk factors of cognitive impairment in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Blood Purif. 2019;47(1–3):101–108. doi: 10.1159/000493524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Song P, Zhang H, et al. Mediating effect of gait speed on the relationship between ankle-brachial index and mild cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients. Semin Dial. 2023;36(2):162–169. doi: 10.1111/sdi.13089.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzeng NS, Chung CH, Lin FH, et al. Magnesium oxide use and reduced risk of dementia: a retrospective, nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018;34(1):163–169. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1385449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tu X, Qiu H, Lin S, et al. Low levels of serum magnesium are associated with poststroke cognitive impairment in ischemic stroke patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018;14:2947–2954. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S181948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo K, Liu Q, Madsen T, et al. Relations of magnesium intake to cognitive impairment and dementia among participants in the women’s health initiative memory study: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(11):e030052. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomassen JQ, Tolstrup JS, Nordestgaard BT, et al. Plasma concentrations of magnesium and risk of dementia: a general population study of 102648 individuals. Clin Chem. 2021;67(6):899–911. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li W, Jiao Y, Wang L, et al. Association of serum magnesium with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes among adults in China. Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1799. doi: 10.3390/nu14091799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yue CY, Zhang CY, Huang ZL, et al. A novel U-shaped association between serum magnesium on admission and 28-day in-hospital all-cause mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit. Front Nutr. 2022;9:747035. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.747035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang R, He M, Xu J. Initial serum magnesium level is associated with mortality risk in traumatic brain injury patients. Nutrients. 2022;14(19):4174. doi: 10.3390/nu14194174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panthofer AM, Lyu B, Astor BC, et al. Post-kidney transplant serum magnesium exhibits a U-shaped association with subsequent mortality: an observational cohort study. Transpl Int. 2021;34(10):1853–1861. doi: 10.1111/tri.13932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q, Chen Q, Zhang H, et al. Associations of serum magnesium levels and calcium-magnesium ratios with mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Diabetes Metab. 2020;46(5):384–391. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.12.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ. Magnesium and aging. Curr Pharm Des. 2010;16(7):832–839. doi: 10.2174/‑138161210790883679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toffa DH, Magnerou MA, Kassab A, et al. Can magnesium reduce Central neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease? Basic evidences and research needs. Neurochem Int. 2019;126:195–202. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu X, Guan PP, Zhu D, et al. Magnesium ions inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and the activity of gamma-secretase in a beta-amyloid protein-dependent mechanism in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Front Mol Neurosci. 2018;11:172. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Laecke S. Hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia. Acta Clin Belg. 2019;74(1):41–47. doi: 10.1080/17843286.2018.1516173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mossello E. Hypertension, hypotension, longevity and dementia. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2020;90(4). doi: 10.4081/monaldi.2020.1674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar