1,415
Views
138
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Molecular mimicry in the autoimmune pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease

, &
Pages 31-39 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Stollerman GH. Rheumatic and heritable connective tissue diseases of the cardiovascular system. Heart disease: A textbook of cardiovascular medicine, E Braunmald. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia 1988; 11: 1706–1734
  • Guidelines for the diagnosis of rheumatic fever: Jones Criteria. Special writing group of the committee on rheumatic fever, endocarditis, and kawasaki disease of the council on cardiovascular disease in the young of the American Heart Ass. JAMA 1992; 268: 2069–2073, update
  • Jones TD. The diagnosis of rheumatic fever. JAMA 1944; 126: 481–485
  • Veasy LG. Rheumatic fever-T. Cardiol Young 1995; 5: 293–301, Duckett jones and the rest of the story
  • Massell BF. Rheumatic fever and streptococcal infection: Unraveling the mysteries of a dread disease. Countway library of medicine. Harvard University Press for the Francis A, Boston, MA 1997
  • Stollerman GH. Rheumatic fever. Lancet 1997; 349: 935–942
  • Kaur S, Kumar D, Grover A, Khanduja KL, Kaplan EL, Gray ED, Ganguly NK. Ethnic differences in expression of susceptibility marker(s) in rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease patients. Int J Cardiol 1998; 64: 9–14
  • Kurahara D, Tokuda A, Grandinetti A, Najita J, Ho C, Yamamoto K, Reddy DV, Macpherson K, Iwamuro M, Yamaga K. Ethnic differences in risk for pediatric rheumatic illness in a culturally diverse population. J Rheumatol 2002; 29: 379–383
  • Galvin JE, Hemric ME, Ward K, Cunningham MW. Cytotoxic mAB from rheumatic carditis recognizes heart valves and laminin. J Clin Invest 2000; 106: 217–224
  • Taranta A. A history of rheumatic fever. Rheumatic Fever–1999, J Narula, R Virmani, KS Reddy, R Tandon. American Registry of Pathology, Washington, DC 1999; 1–40
  • Guilherme L, Kalil J. Rheumatic fever: How streptococcal throat infection triggers an autoimmune disease. Infection and autoimmunity, Y Shoenfeld, NR Rose. Elsevier, Amsterdam 2004; 321–330
  • Guilherme L, Weidebach W, Kiss MH, Snitcowsky R, Kalil J. Association of human leukocyte class II antigens with rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease in a Brazilian population. Circulation 1991; 83: 1995–1998
  • Ozkan M, Carin M, Sonmez G, Senocak M, Ozdemir M, Yakut C. HLA antigens in Turkish race with rheumatic heart disease. Circulation 1993; 87: 1974–1978
  • Weidebach W, Goldberg A, Chiarella J, Guilherme L, Snitcowsky R, Pileggi F, Kalil J. HLA class II antigens in rheumatic fever: Analysis of the DR locus by restriction fragment-length polymorphism and oligotyping. Hum Immunol 1994; 40: 253–258
  • Guedez Y, Kotby A, El-Demellawy M, Galal A, Thomson G, Zaher S, Kassem S, Kotb M. HLA class II associations with rheumatic heart disease are more evident and consistent among clinically homogeneous patients. Circulation 1999; 99: 2784–2790
  • Visentainer JE, Pereira FC, Dalalio MM, Tsuneto LT, Donadio PR, Moliterno RA. Association of HLA-DR7 with rheumatic fever in the Brazilian population. J Rheumatol 2002; 27: 1518–1520
  • Ayoub EM, Barrett DJ, Maclaren NK, Krischer JP. Association of class II human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens with rheumatic fever. J Clin Invest 1986; 77: 2019–2026
  • Rajapakse CNA, Halim K, Al-Orainey L, Al-Nozha M, Al-Aska AK. A genetic marker for rheumatic heart disease. Br Heart J 1987; 58: 659–662
  • Stanevicha V, Eglite J, Sochnevs A, Gardovska D, Zavadska D, Shantere R. HLA class II associations with rheumatic heart disease among clinically homogeneous patients in children in Latvia. Arthritis Res Ther 2003; 5: R340–R346
  • Koyanagi T, Koga Y, Nishi H, Toshima H, Sasazuki T, Imaizumi T, Kimura A. DNA typing of HLA class II genes in Japanese patients with rheumatic heart disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1996; 28: 1349–1353
  • Hernandez-Pacheco G, Aguilar-Garcia J, Flores-Dominguez C, Rodriguez-Perez JM, Perez-Hernandez N, Alvarez-Leon E, Reyes PA, Vargas-Alarcon G. MHC class II alleles in Mexican patients with rheumatic heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2003; 92: 49–54
  • Hernandez-Pacheco G, Flores-Dominguez C, Rodriguez-Perez JM, Perez-Hernandez N, Fragoso JM, Saul A, Granados J, Reyes PA, Vargas-Alarcon G. Tumor necrosis factor-α promoter polymorphisms in Mexican patients with rheumatic heart disease. J Autoimmun 2003; 21: 59–63
  • Shikhman AR, Cunningham MW. Immunological mimicry between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and cytokeratin peptides. Evidence for a microbially driven anti-keratin antibody response. J Immunol 1994; 152: 4375–4387
  • Shikhman AR, Greenspan NS, Cunningham MW. A subset of mouse monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive with cytoskeletal proteins and group A streptococcal M proteins recognizes N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine. J Immunol 1993; 151: 3902–3913
  • Shikhman AR, Greenspan NS, Cunningham MW. Cytokeratin peptide SFGSGFGGGY mimics N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine in reaction with antibodies and lectins, and induces in vivo anti-carbohydrate antibody response. J Immunol 1994; 153: 5593–5606
  • Barnett LA, Fujinami RS. Molecular mimicry: A mechanism for autoimmune injury. FASEB J 1992; 6: 840–844
  • Putterman C, Diamond B. Immunization with a peptide surrogate for double stranded DNA (dsDNA) induces autoantibody production and renal immunoglobulin deposition. J Exp Med 1998; 188: 29–38
  • Cunningham MW, Hall NK, Krisher KK, Spanier AM. A study of anti-group A streptococcal monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive with myosin. J Immunol 1986; 136: 293–298
  • Kirvan CA, Swedo SE, Heuser JS, Cunningham MW. Mimicry and autoantibody-mediated neuronal cell signaling in Sydenham chorea. Nat Med 2003; 9: 914–920
  • Ellis NMJ, Li Y, Hildebrand W, Fischetti VA, Cunningham MW. T cell mimicry and epitope specificity of cross-reactive T cell clones from rheumatic heart disease. J Immunol 2005; 175: 5448–5456
  • McMahon EJ, Bailey SL, Castenada CV, Waldner H, Miller SD. Epitope spreading initiates in the CNS in two mouse models of multiple sclerosis. Nat Med 2005; 11: 335–339
  • Cavelti PA. Autoantibodies in rheumatic fever. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1945; 60: 379–381
  • Kaplan MH, Bolande R, Rakita L, Blair J. Presence of bound immunoglobulins and complement in the myocardium in acute rheumatic fever. Association with cardiac failure. N Engl J Med 1964; 271: 637–645
  • Zabriskie JB, Hsu KC, Seegal BC. Heart-reactive antibody associated with rheumatic fever: Characterization and diagnostic significance. Clin Exp Immunol 1970; 7: 147–159
  • Zabriskie JB. Mimetic relationships between group A streptococci and mammalian tissues. Adv Immunol 1967; 7: 147–188
  • Zabriskie JB, Freimer EH. An immunological relationship between the group A streptococcus and mammalian muscle. J Exp Med 1966; 124: 661–678
  • Kaplan MH. Immunologic relation of streptococcal and tissue antigens. I. Properties of an antigen in certain strains of group A streptococci exhibiting an immunologic cross reaction with human heart tissue. J Immunol 1963; 90: 595–606
  • Kaplan MH, Meyeserian M. An immunological cross-reaction between group—A streptococcal cells and human heart tissue. Lancet 1962; 1: 706–710
  • Kaplan MH, Suchy ML. Immunologic relation of streptococcal and tissue antigens. II. Cross reactions of antisera to mammalian heart tissue with a cell wall constituent of certain strains of group A streptococci. J Exp Med 1964; 119: 643–650
  • Kaplan MH, Svec KH. Immunologic relation of streptococcal and tissue antigens. III. Presence in human sera of streptococcal antibody cross reactive with heart tissue. Association with streptococcal infection, rheumatic fever, and glomerulonephritis. J Exp Med 1964; 119: 651–666
  • Goldstein I, Halpern B, Robert L. Immunological relationship between streptococcus A polysaccharide and the structural glycoproteins of heart valve. Nature 1967; 213: 44–47
  • Cunningham MW, McCormack JM, Talaber LR, Harley JB, Ayoub EM, Muneer RS, Chun LT, Reddy DV. Human monoclonal antibodies reactive with antigens of the group A streptococcus and human heart. J Immunol 1988; 141: 2760–2766
  • Cunningham MW, McCormack JM, Fenderson PG, Ho MK, Beachey EH, Dale JB. Human and murine antibodies cross-reactive with streptococcal M protein and myosin recognize the sequence GLN-LYS-SER-LYS-GLN in M protein. J Immunol 1989; 143: 2677–2683
  • Cunningham MW, Hall NK, Krisher KK, Spanier AM. A study of anti-group A streptococcal monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive with myosin. J Immunol 1985; 136: 293–298
  • Cunningham MW, Swerlick RA. Polyspecificity of antistreptococcal murine monoclonal antibodies and their implications in autoimmunity. J Exp Med 1986; 164: 998–1012
  • Fenderson PG, Fischetti VA, Cunningham MW. Tropomyosin shares immunologic epitopes with group A streptococcal M proteins. J Immunol 1989; 142: 2475–2481
  • Gulizia JM, Cunningham MW, McManus BM. Anti-streptococcal monoclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes in human heart valves: Cardiac myosin, vimentin and elastin as potential valvular autoantigens. New perspectives on streptococci and streptococcal infections, G Orefici. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, New York 1992; 267–269, Proceedings of the XI lancefield international symposium (Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Suppl. 22)
  • Dudding BA, Ayoub EM. Persistence of streptococcal group A antibody in patients with rheumatic valvular disease. J Exp Med 1968; 128: 1081–1098
  • Galvin JE, Hemric ME, Kosanke SD, Factor SM, Quinn A, Cunningham MW. Induction of myocarditis and valvulitis in Lewis rats by different epitopes of cardiac myosin and its implications in rheumatic carditis. Am J Pathol 2002; 160: 297–306
  • Neu N, Rose NR, Beisel KW, Herskowitz A, Gurri-Glass G, Craig SW. Cardiac myosin induces myocarditis in genetically predisposed mice. J Immunol 1987; 139: 3630–3636
  • Quinn A, Adderson EE, Shackelford PG, Carroll WL, Cunningham MW. Autoantibody germ-line gene segment encodes VH and VL regions of a human anti-streptococcal monoclonal antibody recognizing streptococcal M protein and human cardiac myosin epitopes. J Immunol 1995; 154: 4203–4212
  • Fischetti VA. Streptococcal M protein: Molecular design and biological behavior. Clin Microbiol Rev 1989; 2: 285–314
  • Manjula BN, Fischetti VA. Sequence homology of group A streptococcal pep M5 protein with other coiled-coil proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 140: 684–690
  • Manjula BN, Trus BL, Fischetti VA. Presence of two distinct regions in the coiled-coil structure of the streptococcal pep M5 protein: Relationship to mammalian coiled-coil proteins and implications to its biological properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985; 82: 1064–1068
  • Krisher K, Cunningham MW. Myosin: A link between streptococci and heart. Science 1985; 227: 413–415
  • Kraus W, Seyer JM, Beachey EH. Vimentin-cross-reactive epitope of type 12 streptococcal M protein. Infect Immun 1989; 57: 2457–2461
  • Swerlick RA, Cunningham MW, Hall NK. Monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive with group A streptococci and normal and psoriatic human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1986; 87: 367–371
  • Dale JB, Beachey EH. Multiple, heart-cross-reactive epitopes of streptococcal M proteins. J Exp Med 1985; 161: 113–122
  • Bronze MS, Beachey EH, Dale JB. Protective and heart-crossreactive epitopes located within the NH2 terminus of type 19 streptococcal M protein. J Exp Med 1988; 167: 1849–1859
  • Cunningham MW, Antone SM, Smart M, Liu R, Kosanke S. Molecular analysis of human cardiac myosin-cross-reactive B- and T-cell epitopes of the group A streptococcal M5 protein. Infect Immun 1997; 65: 3913–3923
  • Quinn A, Ward K, Fischetti V, Hemric M, Cunningham MW. Immunological relationship between the class I epitope of streptococcal M protein and myosin. Infect Immun 1998; 66: 4418–4424
  • Raizada V, Williams RC, Jr, Chopra P, Gopinath N, Prakash K, Sharma KB, Cherian KM, Panday S, Arora R, Nigam M, Zabriskie JB, Husby G. Tissue distribution of lymphocytes in rheumatic heart valves as defined by monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies. Am J Med 1983; 74: 90–96
  • Guilherme L, Cunha-Neto E, Coelho V, Snitcowsky R, Pomerantzeff PMA, Assis RV, Pedra F, Neumann J, Goldberg A, Patarroyo ME, Pileggi F, Kalil J. Human heart-filtrating T cell clones from rheumatic heart disease patients recognize both streptococcal and cardiac proteins. Circulation 1995; 92: 415–420
  • Guilherme L, Oshiro SE, Fae KC, Cunha-Neto E, Renesto G, Goldberg AC, Tanaka AC, Pomerantzeff PM, Kiss MH, Silva C, Guzman F, Patarroyo ME, Southwood S, Sette A, Kalil J. T-cell reactivity against streptococcal antigens in the periphery mirrors reactivity of heart-infiltrating T lymphocytes in rheumatic heart disease patients. Infect Immun 2001; 69: 5345–5351
  • Miller LC, Gray ED, Beachey EH, Kehoe MA. Antigenic variation among group A streptococcal M proteins: Nucleotide sequence of the serotype 5 M protein gene and its' relationship with genes encoding types 6 and 24 M proteins. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 5668–5673
  • Manjula BN, Fischetti VA. Tropomyosin-like seven residue periodicity in three immunologically distinct streptococal M proteins and its implications for the antiphagocytic property of the molecule. J Exp Med 1980; 151: 695–708
  • Manjula BN, Acharya AS, Mische SM, Fairwell T, Fischetti VA. The complete amino acid sequence of a biologically active 197-residue fragment of M protein isolated from type 5 group A streptococci. J Biol Chem 1984; 259: 3686–3693
  • Yoshinaga M, Figueroa F, Wahid F, Marcus RH, Suh E, Zabriske JB. Antigenic specificity of lymphocytes isolated from valvular specimens of rheumatic fever patients. J Autoimmun 1995; 8: 601–613
  • Roberts S, Kosanke S, Terrence Dunn S, Jankelow D, Duran CM, Cunningham MW. Immune mechanisms in rheumatic carditis: Focus on valvular endothelium. J Infect Dis 2001; 183: 507–511
  • Guilherme L, Cury P, Demarchi LM, Coelho V, Abel L, Lopez AP, Oshiro SE, Aliotti S, Cunha-Neto E, Pomerantzeff PM, Tanaka AC, Kalil J. Rheumatic heart disease: Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a role in the progression and maintenance of valvular lesions. Am J Pathol 2004; 165: 1583–1591
  • Guilherme L, Dulphy N, Douay C, Coelho V, Cunha-Neto E, Oshiro SE, Assis RV, Tanaka AC, Pomerantzeff PM, Charron D, Toubert A, Kalil J. Molecular evidence for antigen-driven immune responses in cardiac lesions of rheumatic heart disease patients. Int Immunol 2000; 12: 1063–1074
  • Fae K, Kalil J, Toubert A, Guilherme L. Heart infiltrating T cell clones from a rheumatic heart disease patient display a common TCR usage and a degenerate antigen recognition pattern. Mol Immunol 2004; 40: 1129–1135
  • Tomai M, Kotb M, Majumdar G, Beachey EH. Superantigenicity of streptococcal M protein. J Exp Med 1990; 172: 359–362
  • Kotb M, Majumdar G, Tomai M, Beachey EH. Accessory cell-independent stimulation of human T-cells by streptococcal M protein superantigen. J Immunol 1990; 145: 1332–1336
  • Degnan B, Taylor J, Hawkes C, O'Shea U, Smith J, Robinson JH, Kehoe MA, Boylston A, Goodacre JA. Streptococcus pyogenes type 5 M protein is an antigen, not a superantigen for human T-cells. Hum Immunol 1997; 53: 206–215
  • Li PLL, Tiedemann RE, Moffat SL, Fraser JD. The superantigen streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (SPE-C) exhibits a novel mode of action. J Exp Med 1997; 186: 375–383
  • Cunningham MW. Autoimmunity and molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of post-streptococcal heart disease. Front Biosci 2003; 8: s533–s543
  • Massell BF, Honikman LH, Amezcua J. Rheumatic fever following streptococcal vaccination. JAMA 1969; 207: 1115–1119
  • Murphy GE, Swift HF. Induction of cardiac lesions, closely resembling those of rheumatic fever, in rabbits following repeated skin infections with group A streptococci. J Exp Med 1949; 89: 687–698
  • Murphy GE, Swift HF. The induction of rheumatic-like cardiac lesions in rabbits by repeated focal injections with group A streptococci. Comparison with the cardiac lesions of serum disease. J Exp Med 1950; 91: 485–498
  • Cromartie WJ, Craddock JG. Rheumatic like cardiac lesions in mice. Science 1966; 154: 285–287
  • Quinn A, Kosanke S, Fischetti VA, Factor SM, Cunningham MW. Induction of autoimmune valvular heart disease by recombinant streptococcal M protein. Infect Immun 2001; 69(6)4072–4078
  • Huber SA, Cunningham MW. Streptococcal M protein peptide with similarity to myosin induces CD4+T cell-dependent myocarditis in MRL/++ mice and induces partial tolerance against coxsackieviral myocarditis. J Immunol 1996; 156: 3528–3534
  • Bisno AL. Non-suppurative poststreptococcal sequelae: Rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Principles and practice of infectious diseases, GL Mandell, JE Bennett, R Dolin. Churchill Livingstone, New York 1995; 2: 1799–1810
  • Bisno AL. The concept of rheumatogenic and non-rheumatogenic group A streptococci. Streptococcal diseases and the immune response, SE Read, JB Zabriskie. Academic Press Inc, New York 1980; 789–803
  • Robinson JH, Atherton MC, Goodacre JA, Pinkney M, Weightman H, Kehoe MA. Mapping T-cell epitopes in group A streptococcal type 5 M protein. Infect Immun 1991; 59: 4324–4331
  • Robinson JH, Case MC, Kehoe MA. Characterization of a conserved helper T-cell epitope from group A streptococcal M proteins. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 1062–1068
  • Pruksakorn S, Currie B, Brandt E, Phornphutkul C, Hunsakunachai S, Manmontri A, Robinson JH, Kehoe MA, Galbraith A, Good MF. Identification of T cell autoepitopes that cross-react with the C-terminal segment of the M protein of group A streptococci. Intl Immunol 1994; 6: 1235–1244
  • Pruksakorn S, Currie B, Brandt E, Martin D, Galbraith A, Phornphutkul C, Hunsakunachai S, Manmontri A, Good MF. Towards a vaccine for rheumatic fever: Identification of a conserved target epitope on M protein of group A streptococci. Lancet 1994; 344: 639–642
  • Pruksakorn S, Galbraith A, Houghten RA, Good MF. Conserved T and B cell epitopes on the M protein of group A streptococci. Induction of bactericidal antibodies. J Immunol 1992; 149: 2729–2735

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.