Quercetin improves the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells and Treg/Th17 cells to attenuate allergic rhinitis

References

• Bousquet J, Anto JM, Bachert C, et al. Allergic rhinitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddiqui ZA, Walker A, Pirwani MM, et al. Allergic rhinitis: diagnosis and management. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2022;83(2):1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng Y, Wang C, Zhang L. Recent developments and highlights in allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2019;74(12):2320–2328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scadding GK. Optimal management of allergic rhinitis. Arch Dis Child. 2015;100(6):576–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eifan AO, Durham SR. Pathogenesis of rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2016;46(9):1139–1151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haitchi HM, Holgate ST. New strategies in the treatment and prevention of allergic diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2004;13(2):107–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein DI, Schwartz G, Bernstein JA. Allergic rhinitis: mechanisms and treatment. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2016;36(2):261–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang X, Chen Y, Zhang F, et al. Peripheral Th17/Treg cell-mediated immunity imbalance in allergic rhinitis patients. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;80(2):152–155. English, Portuguese.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nistala K, Wedderburn LR. Th17 and regulatory T cells: rebalancing pro- and anti-inflammatory forces in autoimmune arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48(6):602–606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh P, Arif Y, Bajguz A, et al. The role of quercetin in plants. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2021;166:10–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Petrillo A, Orrù G, Fais A, et al. Quercetin and its derivates as antiviral potentials: a comprehensive review. Phytother Res. 2022;36(1):266–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mlcek J, Jurikova T, Skrovankova S, et al. Quercetin and its anti-allergic immune response. Molecules. 2016;21(5):623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashidi Z, Khosravizadeh Z, Talebi A, et al. Overview of biological effects of quercetin on ovary. Phytother Res. 2021;35(1):33–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jafarinia M, Sadat Hosseini M, Kasiri N, et al. Quercetin with the potential effect on allergic diseases. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2020;16:36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes-Farias M, Carrasco-Pozo C. The anti-cancer effect of quercetin: molecular implications in cancer metabolism. IJMS. 2019;20(13):3177.
   Google Scholar
• Hosseini A, Razavi BM, Banach M, et al. Quercetin and metabolic syndrome: a review. Phytother Res. 2021;35(10):5352–5364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen P, Lin W, Deng X, et al. Potential implications of quercetin in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol. 2021;12:689044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding Y, Li C, Zhang Y, et al. Quercetin as a Lyn kinase inhibitor inhibits IgE-mediated allergic conjunctivitis. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020;135:110924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caglayan Sozmen S, Karaman M, Cilaker Micili S, et al. Effects of quercetin treatment on epithelium-derived cytokines and epithelial cell apoptosis in allergic airway inflammation mice model. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;15(6):487–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashiwabara M, Asano K, Mizuyoshi T, et al. Suppression of neuropeptide production by quercetin in allergic rhinitis model rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16:132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka Y, Furuta A, Asano K, et al. Modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine balance by quercetin in vitro. Medicines (Basel). 2020;7(8):46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sakai-Kashiwabara M, Asano K. Inhibitory action of quercetin on eosinophil activation in vitro. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:127105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mims JW. Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2014;4 Suppl 2:S18–S20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebrahimpoor S, Pakzad SR, Ajdary S. IgG1 and IgG2a profile of serum antibodies to Leishmania major amastigote in BALB/c and C57BL/6Mice. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013;12(4):361–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waśkiel-Burnat A, Osińska M, Salińska A, et al. The role of serum Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in patients with alopecia areata: clinical implications. Cells. 2021;10(12):3397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mousavi T, Salek Moghadam A, Falak R, et al. Co-administration of CpG oligonucleotides and chenopodium album extract reverse IgG2a/IgG1 ratios and increase IFN-gamma and IL-10 productions in a murine model of asthma. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008;7(1):1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packard KA, Khan MM. Effects of histamine on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. Int Immunopharmacol. 2003;3(7):909–920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelfand EW. Inflammatory mediators in allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114(5 Suppl):S135–S8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozaki S, Toida K, Suzuki M, et al. Impaired olfactory function in mice with allergic rhinitis. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2010;37(5):575–583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanidziar D, Koulmanda M. Inflammation and the balance of Treg and Th17 cells in transplant rejection and tolerance. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2010;15(4):411–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu B, Zhang H, Li J, et al. Triptolide downregulates Treg cells and the level of IL-10, TGF-β, and VEGF in melanoma-bearing mice. Planta Med. 2013;79(15):1401–1407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miossec P, Kolls JK. Targeting IL-17 and TH17 cells in chronic inflammation. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2012;11(10):763–776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura A, Kishimoto T. IL-6: regulator of Treg/Th17 balance. Eur J Immunol. 2010;40(7):1830–1835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosmaczewska A, Ciszak L, Swierkot J, et al. Exogenous IL-2 controls the balance in Th1, Th17, and Treg cell distribution in patients with progressive rheumatoid arthritis treated with TNF-alpha inhibitors. Inflammation. 2015;38(2):765–774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence T. The nuclear factor NF-kappaB pathway in inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009;1(6):a001651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Z, Herpers B, Fredriksson L, et al. Automated analysis of NF-κB nuclear translocation kinetics in high-throughput screening. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picado C, Bioque G, Roca-Ferrer J, et al. Nuclear factor-kappaB activity is down-regulated in nasal polyps from aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. Allergy. 2003;58(2):122–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Nguyen T, Piao CH, Fan YJ, et al. Anti-allergic rhinitis activity of α-lipoic acid via balancing Th17/Treg expression and enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 pathway signaling. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):12528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong J, Xu O, Wang J, et al. Luteolin ameliorates inflammation and Th1/Th2 imbalance via regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in allergic rhinitis rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2021;43(3):319–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar