Publication Cover
Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Volume 12, 2000 - Issue 9
58
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

ANIMAL MODELS FOR THE EFFECT OF AGE ON SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INHALED PARTICULATE MATTER

Pages 863-900 | Published online: 01 Oct 2008

REFERENCES

  • Abbey, D. E., Nishino, N., McDonnell, W. F., Burchette, R. J., Knutsen, S. F., Beeson, W. L., and Yang, J. X. 1999. Long-term inhalable particles and other air pollutants related to mortality in nonsmokers. Am.]. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159:373–382.
  • Alcorn, D. G., Adamson, T. M., Maloney, J. E., and Robinson, P. M. 1981. A morphologic and mor-phometric analysis of fetal lung development in the sheep. Anat. Rec. 201:655–667.
  • Akbulut, K. G., Göni11, B., and Akbulut, H. 1999. Differential effects of pharmacological doses of melatonin on malondialdehyde and glutathione levels in young and old rats. Gerontology 45: 67–71.
  • Al-Tikriti, M. S., Henry, R. W., Eiler, H., Schultz, T. W., Breider, M. A., and Cullens, W. C. 1991. Fine structural aspects of postnatal development of feline lung. Anat. HistoL Embryol. 20: 311–319.
  • Amy, R. W. M., Bowes, D., Burn, P. H., Haines, J., and Thurlbeck, W. M. 1977. Postnatal growth of the mouse lung.]. Anat. 124:131–151.
  • Anderson, A. C. 1965. Reproductive ability of female beagles in relation to advancing age. Exp. Gerontol. 1:189–196.
  • Bartlett, D., Jr., and Areson, J. G. 1977. Quantitative lung morphology in newborn mammals. Respir. PhysioL 29:193–200.
  • Becker, A. B., Hershkovich, J., Simons, F. E. R. Simons, K. J., Lilley, M. K., and Kepron, M. W. 1989. Development of chronic airway hyperresponsiveness in ragweed-sensitized dogs.]. Appl. Physiol. 66(6):2691–2697.
  • Bellmunt, M. J., Portero, M., Pamplona, R., Cosso, L., Odetti, P., and Prat, J. 1995. Evidence for the Maillard reaction in rat lung collagen and its relationship with solubility and age. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1272:53–60.
  • Bennett, W. D., and Zeman, K. L. 1998. Deposition of fine particles in children spontaneously breathing at rest. lnhal. Toxicol. 10:831–842.
  • Bennett, B. T., Abee, C. R., and Henrickson, R. eds. 1995. Nonhuman primates in biomedical research: Biology and management San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Bennett, W. D., Zeman, K. L., Kang, C., and Schechter, M. S. 1997. Extrathoracic deposition of inhaled coarse particles (4.5 pm) in children and adults. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 41(suppl.):497-502. Bice, D. E., Mauderly, J. L., Jones, R. K., and McClellan, R. 0. 1985. Effect of inhaled diesel exhaust on immune responses after lung immunization. Fundam. AppL ToxicoL 5:1075–1086.
  • Boatman, E. S., and Martin, H. B. 1960. Electron microscopy in pulmonary emphysema of rabbits. Am.]. Pathol. 37:197–204.
  • Boatman, E. S., Arce, P., Luchtel, D., Pump, K. K., and Martin, C. J. 1979. Pulmonary function mor-phology and morphometrics. In Aging in nonhuman primates, ed. D. M. Bowden, pp. 292-313. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  • Borja-Aburto, V. H., Castillejos, M., Gold, D. R., Bierzwinski, S., and Loomis, D. 1998. Mortality and ambient fine particles in southwest Mexico City, 1993–1995. Environ. Health Perspect. 106: 849–855.
  • Boyden, E. A. 1976. The development of the lung in the pig-tail monkey (Macaca nemestrina, L.). Anat. Rec. 186:15–38.
  • Boyden, E. A., and Tompsett, D. H. 1961. The postnatal growth of the lung in the dog. Acta Anat. 47:185–215.
  • Bruce, M. C., and Lo, P.-Y. 1991. A morphometric quantitation of developmental changes in elastic fibers in rat lung parenchyma: Variability with lung region and postnatal age.J. Lab. Clin. Med. 117: 226–233.
  • Brunekreef, B. 1997. Air pollution and life expectancy: Is there a relation? Occup. Environ. Med. 54:781–784.
  • Bunton, T. E., and Plopper, C. G. 1984. Triamcinolone-induced structural alterations in the develop-ment of the lung of the fetal rhesus macaque. Am.]. Obstet. Cynecol. 148(2):203–215.
  • Burnett, R. T., Cakmak, S., and Brook, J. R. 1998. The effect of the urban ambient air pollution mix on daily mortality rates in 11 Canadian cities. Can.]. Public Health 89:152–156.
  • Burn, P. H. 1997. Postnatal development and growth. In The lung: Scientific foundations, eds. R. G. Crystal, J. B. West, P. J. Barnes, and E. R. Weibel, 2nd ed., pp. 1013–1026. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.
  • Canada, A. T., Herman, L. A., and Young, S. L. 1995. An age-related difference in hyperoxia lethality: role of lung antioxidant defense mechanisms. Am.]. PhysioL 268:L5394545.
  • Castleman, W. L., and Lay, J. C. 1990. Morphometric and ultrastructural study of postnatal lung growth and development in calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 51(5):789–795.
  • Castleman, W. L., Dungworth, D. L., and Tyler, W. S. 1975. Intrapulmonary airway morphology in three species of monkeys: A correlated scanning and transmission electron microscopic study. Am. J. Anat. 142:107–122.
  • Clarke, R. W., Catalano, P., Coull, B., Koutrakis, P., Krishna Murthy, G. G., Rice, T., and Godleski, J. J. 1999. Age-related responses to concentrated urban air particles (CAPs). In Proceedings of the Third Colloquium on Particulate Air Pollution and Human Health, eds. R. F. Phalen and Y. M. Bell, pp. 8–36. Irving, CA: Health Effects Laboratory, University of California.
  • Collins, M. H., Kleinerman, J., Moessinger, A. C., Collins, A. H., James, L. S., and Blanc, W. A. 1986. Morphometric analysis of the growth of the normal fetal guinea pig lung. Anat. Rec. 216:381–391.
  • Cotes, J. E. 1997. Physiology of the aging lung. In The lung: Scientific foundations, eds. R. G. Crystal, J. B. West, P. J. Barnes, and E. R. Weibel, 2nd ed., pp. 2193–2203. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.
  • Cotton, C. U., Lawson, E. E., Boucher, R. C., and Gatzy, J. T. 1983. Bioelectric properties and ion trans-port of airways excised from adult and fetal sheep.]. AppL PhysioL Respirat. Environ. Exercise. PhysioL 55:1542–1549.
  • Crystal, R. G., West, J. B., Barnes, P. J., and Weibel, E. R. eds. 1997. The lung: Scientific foundations, 2nd ed., Vol I. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven. Davidson, J. T., Wasserman, K., Lillington, G. A., and Schmidt, R. W. 1966. Effect of aging on respi-ratory mechanics and gas exchange in rabbits.]. Appl. PhysioL 21:837–842.
  • Davies, P., Reid, L., Lister, G., and Pitt, B. 1988. Postnatal growth of the sheep lung: A morphometric study. Anat. Rec. 220:281–286.
  • Elder, A. C. P., Gelein, R., Finkelstein, J. N., Cox, C., and Oberdörster, G. 1999. Endotoxin priming affects the lung response to ultrafine particles and ozone in young and old rats. In Proceedings of the Third Colloquium on Particulate Air Pollution and Human Health, eds. R. F. Phalen and Y. M. Bell, pp. 8–43. Irving, CA: Health Effects Laboratory, University of California.
  • Engle, S. 1953. The structure of the respiratory tissue in the newly-born. Acta Anat. 19:353-365. Escolar, J. de D., Gallego, B., Tejero, C., and Escolar, M. A. 1994. Changes occurring with increasing age in rat lung: Morphometrical study. Anat. Rec. 239:287–296.
  • Fairley, D. 1999. Daily mortality and air pollution in Santa Clara County, California: 1989-1996. Environ. Health Perspect. 107:637–641.
  • Fanucchi, M. V., and Plopper, C. G. 1997. Pulmonary developmental responses to toxicants. In Comprehensive toxicology, eds. I. G. Sipes, C. A. McQueen, and A. J. Gandolfi, Vol. 8, pp. 203–220. New York: Elsevier.
  • Fisk, D. E., and Kuhn, C. 1976. Emphysema-like changes in the lungs of the blotchy mouse. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 113:787–797.
  • Forrest, J. B., and Weibel, E. R. 1975. Morphometric estimation of pulmonary diffusion capacity. VII. The normal guinea pig lung. Respir. Physiol. 24:191–202.
  • Gaultier, C., Hart A., Lorino, A. M., and Atlan, G. 1984. Lung mechanics in growing guinea pigs. Respir. Physiol. 56: 217–228.
  • Gillett, N. A., Gerlach, R. F., Muggenburg, B. A., et al. 1989. Relationship between collateral flow resistance and alveolar pores in the aging beagle dog. Exp. Lung. Res. 15:709–719.
  • Goldstein, R. H. 1982. Response of the aging hamster lung to elastase injury. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 125:295–298.
  • Gunnison, A. F., Finkelstein, I., Weideman, P., Su, W.-Y., Sobo, M., and Schlesinger, R. B. 1990. Age-dependent effect of ozone on pulmonary eicosanoid metabolism in rabbits and rats. Fundam. AppL ToxicoL 15:779–790.
  • Haworth, S. G., and Hislop, A. A. 1981. Adaptation of the pulmonary circulation to extra-uterine life in the pig and its relevance to the human infant. Carciovasc. Res. 15:108–119.
  • Henderson, R. F., Pickrell, J. A., Jones, R. K., Sun, J. D., Benson, J. M., Mauderly, J. L., and McClellan, R. 0. 1988. Response of rodents to inhaled diluted diesel exhaust: Biochemical and cytological changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in lung tissue. Fundam. AppL ToxicoL 11: 546–567.
  • Hirai, T. Hosokawa, M., Kawakami, K., Takubo, Y., Sakai, N., Oku, Y., Chin, K., Ohi, M., Higuchi, K., Kuno, K., and Mishima, M. 1995. Age-related changes in the static and dynamic mechanical properties of mouse lungs. Respir. Physiol. 102:195–203.
  • Hislop, A., Howard, S., and Fairweather, D. V. I. 1984. Morphometric studies on the structural development of the lung in Macaca fascicularis during fetal and postnatal life. Anat. 138:95-112.
  • Hopp, R.J., Bewtra, A., Nair, N. M., and Townley, R. G. 1985. The effect of age on methacholine responses. Allergy Clin. ImmunoL 76: 609–613.
  • Horsefield, K. 1977. Postnatal growth of the dog's bronchial tree. Respir. Physiol. 29:185–191.
  • Hyde, D. M., Robinson, N. E., Gillespie, J. R., and Tyler, W. S. 1977. Morphometry of the distal air spaces in lungs of aging dogs.]. AppL Physiol. 43:86–91.
  • Hyde, D. M., Downey, G. P., Tablin, F., Rosengren, S., Giclas, P. C., Henson, P. M., and Worthen, G. S. 1997. Age-dependent neutrophil and blood flow responsiveness in acute pulmonary inflammation in rabbits. Am.]. Physiol. 272(Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 16):L471–L478.
  • Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources. 1981. Animal models for research on aging, pp. 212-220. Washington, DC: National Research Council, National Academy Press.
  • Ischiropoulos, H., Nadziejko, C. E., and Kikkawa, Y. 1990. Effect of aging on pulmonary superoxide dismutase. Mech. Ageing Dev. 52:11–26.
  • Jackson, J. C., Clark, J. G., Standaert, T. A., Truog, W. E., Murphy, J. H., Juul, S. E., Chi, E. Y., and Hodson, W. A. 1990. Collagen synthesis during lung development and during hyaline mem-brane disease in the nonhuman primate. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 141:846–853.
  • Johns, D. P., Jakubowska, A. E., McCrabb, G. J., and Harding, R. 1994. Measurement of lung diffus-ing capacity and functional residual capacity in lambs during the first postnatal month. Pediatr. PulmonoL 17:347–353.
  • Jones, S. E., Davila, D. R., Haley, P. J., and Bice, D. E. 1993. The effects of age on immune responses in the antigen-instilled dog lung. Antibody responses in the lung and lymphoid tissues following primary and secondary antigen instillation. Mech. Ageing Dev. 68:191–207.
  • Kawakami, M., Paul, J. L., and Thurlbeck, W. M. 1984. The effect of age on lung structure in male BALB/cNNia inbred mice. Am.]. Anat. 170:1–21.
  • Kelly, F. J., Rickett, G. W. M., and Phillips, G. J. 1992. Magnitude of hyperoxic stress and degree of lung maturity determine the nature of pulmonary antioxidant response in the guinea pig. Free Radical Res. Commun. 15(5):335–347.
  • Kikkawa, U., Motoyama, E. K., and Gluck, L. 1968. Study of the lungs of fetal and newborn rabbits. Am.]. Pathol. 52:177–192.
  • Kuhn, C. III. 1997. Morphology of the aging lung. In The lung: Scientific foundations, eds. R. G. Crystal, J. B. West, P. J. Barnes, and E. R. Weibel, 2nd ed., pp. 2187–2192. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.
  • Kurozumi, M., Matsushita, T., Hosokawa, M., and Takeda, T. 1994. Age-related changes in lung structure and function in the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM): SAM-P/1 as a new murine model of senile hyperinflation of lung. Am.]. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 149:776–782.
  • Laframboise, W. A., Standaert, T. A., Milley, J. R., and Woodrum, D. E. 1990. Developmental changes in the response of the newborn to sustained ventilatory elastic loads. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 141:752–757.
  • Lechner, A. J., and Banchero, N. 1980. Lung morphometry in guinea pigs acclimated to hypoxia dur-ing growth. Respir. PhysioL 42:155–169.
  • Lechner, A. J., and Banchero, N. 1982. Advanced pulmonary development in newborn guinea pigs (Ca via porcellus). Am.]. Anat. 163:235–246.
  • Liao, D., Creason, J., Shy, C., Williams, R., Watts, R., and Zweidinger, R. 1999. Daily variation of particulate air pollution and poor cardiac autonomic control in the elderly. Environ. Health Perspect. 107(7):521–525.
  • Longworth, K. E., Westgate, A. M., Grady, M. K., Westcot, J. Y., and Staub, N. C. 1992. Development of pulmonary intravascular macrophage function in newborn lambs.]. AppL PhysioL 73(6):2608–2615.
  • Longworth, K. E., Albertine, K. H., and Staub, N. C. 1996. Ultrastructural quantification of pulmonary intravascular macrophages in newborn and 2-week-old lambs. Anat. Rec. 246:238-244. Mansell, A. L., Collins, M. H., Johnson, E., Jr., and Gil, J. 1995. Postnatal growth of lung parenchyma in the piglet: Morphometry correlated with mechanics. Anat. Rec. 241:99–104.
  • Martonen, T. B., and Zhang, Z. 1993. Deposition of sulfate acid aerosols in the developing human lung. InhaL ToxicoL 5:165–187.
  • Masoro, E. J. 1979. Respiratory physiology. In Development of the rodent as a model system of aging, book II, pp. 205–207. Washington DC: Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
  • Matsuro, M., Gomi, K., and Dooley, M. M. 1992. Age-related alterations in antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in brain, liver, and lung homogenates of normal and vitamin E-deficient rats. Mech. Ageing Dev. 64:273–292.
  • Mauderly, J. L. 1979a. Effect of age on pulmonary structure and function of immature and adult ani-mals and man. Fed. Proc. 38:173–177.
  • Mauderly, J. L. 1979b. Ventilation, lung volumes and lung mechanics of young adult and old Syrian hamsters. Exp. Aging Res. 5:497–508.
  • Mauderly, J. L. 1981. Lung-thorax system. In Handbook of physiology in aging, eds. E. J. Masoro, R. C. Adelman, G. S. Roth, pp. 197–216. West Palm Beach, FL: CRC Press.
  • Mauderly, J. L. 1982. The effect of age on respiratory function of Fischer-344 rats. Exp. Aging Res. 8(1):31–36.
  • Mauderly, J. L. 1989. Susceptibility of young and aging lungs to inhaled pollutants. In Susceptibility to inhaled pollutants, eds. M. J. Utell, and R. Frank, pp. 148-161. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials.
  • Mauderly, J. L., and Gillett N. A. 1992. Blood and lymphoid, respiratory, urinary, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems: Changes in respiratory function. In Pathobiology of the aging rat, Vol. 1, eds. U. Mohr, D. L. Dungworth, and C. C. Capen, pp. 129–142. Washington, DC: ILSI Press.
  • Mauderly, J. L., and Gillett, N. A. 2000. Aging changes in respiratory function. In Pathobiology of the aging dog, ed. A. Mohr. Washington, DC: ILSI Press.
  • Mauderly, J. L., and Hahn, F. F. 1982. The effects of age on lung function and structure of adult ani-mals. Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med. 26:35–77.
  • Mauderly, J. L., Jones, R. K., Griffith, W. C., Henderson, R. F., and McClellan, R. 0. 1987a. Diesel exhaust is a pulmonary carcinogen in rats exposed chronically. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 9:208–221.
  • Mauderly, J. L., Bice, D. E., Carpenter, R. L., Gillett, N. A., Hahn, F. F., Henderson, R. F., Pickrell, J. A., and Wolff, R. K. 1987b. Effect of Inhaled NO2 and Diesel Exhaust on Developing Lung. Research report no. 8. Cambridge, MA: Health Effects Institute.
  • Mauderly, J. L., Gillett, N. A., Henderson, R. F., Jones, R. K., and McClellan, R. 0. 1988. Relation-ships of lung structural and functional changes to accumulation of diesel exhaust particles. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 32:659–669.
  • Mauderly, J. L., Bice, D. E., Cheng, Y. S., Gillett, N. A., Griffith, W. C., Henderson, R. F., Pickrell, J. A., and Wolff, R. K. 1990. Influence of pre-existing pulmonary emphysema on susceptibility to chronic inhalation exposure to diesel exhaust. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 141:1333–1341.
  • Mauderly, J. L., Banas, D. A., Griffith, W. C., Hahn, F. F., Henderson, R. F., and McClellan, R. 0. 1996. Diesel exhaust is not a pulmonary carcinogen in CD-1 mice exposed under conditions carcinogenic to F344 rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 30:233–242.
  • Mays, P. K., Mcanulty, R. J., and Laurent, G. J. 1989. Age-related changes in lung collagen metabo-lism. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140:410–416.
  • McConnell, R., Berhane, K., Gilliland, F., London, S. J., Vora, H., Avol, E., Gauderman, W. J., Margolis, H. G., Lurmann, F., Thomas, D. C., and Peters, J. M. 1999. Air pollution and bron-chitic symptoms in Southern California children with asthma. Environ. Health Perspect. 107(9): 757–760.
  • McFawn, P. K., and Mitchell, H. W. 1997. Bronchial compliance and wall structure during develop-ment of the immature human and pig lung. Eur. Respir. J. 10:27–34.
  • McLaughlin, R. F., Tyler, W. S., and Canada, R. 0. 1961. A study of subgross pulmonary anatomy in various mammals. Am.]. Anat. 108:149–165.
  • Meyrick, B., and Reid, L. M. 1977. Ultrastructure of alveolar lining and its development. In Develop-ment of the lung, ed. W. A. Hodson, pp. 135-214. New York: Marcel Dekker.
  • Mizuuchi, T., Kida, K., and Fujino, Y. 1994. Morphological studies of growth and aging in the lungs of Fischer 344 male rats. Exp. Cerontol. 26:553–567.
  • Montgomery, G. L., and Tepper, R. S. 1990. Changes in airway reactivity with age in normal infants and young children. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 142:1372–1376.
  • Nagase, T., Fukuchi, Y., Teramoto, S., Matsuse, T., and Orimo, H. 1994. Mechanical interdepen-dence in relation to age: Effects of lung volume on airway resistance in rats.]. Appl. Physiol. 77(3): 1172–1177.
  • National Research Council. 1998. Research priorities for airborne particulate matter. I. Immediate pri-orities and a long-range research portfolio. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • Oldham, M. J., Mannix, R. C., and Phalen, R. F. 1997. Deposition of monodisperse particles in hol-low models representing adult and child-size tracheobronchial airways. Health Phys. 72(6):827–834.
  • Parent, R. A., ed. 1991. Treatise on pulmonary toxicology: Comparative biology of the normal lung, vol. I. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Perez, R., Lopez, M., and Baria de Quiroga, G. 1991. Aging and lung antioxidant enzymes, glu-tathione, and lipid peroxidation in the rat. Free Radical Biol. Med. 10: 35–39.
  • Peslin, R., Marchal, F., and Chone, C. 1991. Viscoelastic properties of rabbit lung during growth. Respir. Physiol. 86:189–198.
  • Peters, J. M., Avol, E., Navidi, W., London, S. J., Gauderman, W. J., Lurmann, F., Linn, W. S., Margolis, H., Rappaport, E., Gong, H., and Thomas, D. C. 1999a. A study of twelve Southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution. I. Prevalence of respiratory morbidity. Am.]. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159(3):760–767.
  • Peters, J. M., Avol, E., Gauderman, W. J., Linn, W. S., Navidi, W., London, S. J., Margolis, H.,
  • Rappaport, E., Vora, H., Gong, H., and Thomas, D. C. 1999b. A study of twelve Southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution. II. Effects on pulmonary function. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159(3):768–775.
  • Phalen, R. F., Oldham, M. J., Beaucage, C. B., Crocker, T. T., and Mortensen, J. D. 1985. Postnatal enlargement of human tracheobronchial airways and implications for particle deposition. Anat. Rec. 212:368–380.
  • Phillipson, E. A., and Kozar, L. F. 1993. Effect of aging on metabolic respiratory control in sleeping dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 147:1521–1525.
  • Pinkerton, K. E., Barry, B. E., O'Neil, J. J., Raub, J. A., Pratt, P. C., and Crapo, J. D. 1982. Morph-ologic changes in the lung during the lifespan of Fischer 344 rats. Am.]. Anat. 164: 155–174.
  • Plopper, C. G., Alley, J. L., Serabjit-Singh, C. J., and Philpot, R. M. 1983. Cytodifferentiation of the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell during rabbit lung maturation: An ultrastructural and morphometric study. Am.]. Anat. 167: 329–357.
  • Pope, C. A. III, Dockery, D. W., Spengler, J. D., and Raizenne, M. E. 1991. Respiratory health and PK° pollution. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 144: 668–674.
  • Quan, S. F., Lemen, R. J., Witten, M., L., Sherrill, D. L., Grad, R., Sobonya, R. E., and Ray, C. G. 1990. Changes in lung mechanics and reactivity with age after viral bronchiolitis in beagle pup-pies.]. Appl. Physiol. 69(6):2034–2042.
  • Ranga, V., and Kleinerman, J. 1980. Interalveolar pores in mouse lungs. Regional distribution and alterationswith age. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 122:477–489.
  • Ranga, V., Kleinerman, J., lp, M. P. C., and Sorensen, J. 1979. Age-related changes in elastic fibers and elastin of lung. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 119:369–376.
  • Rendas, A., Branthwaite, M., and Reid, L. 1978. Growth of pulmonary circulation in normal pig-Structural analysis and cardiopulmonary function. J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exercise PhysioL 45(5):806–817.
  • Ricci, A., Mariotta, S., Greco, S., Pallone, G., Papale, M., and Bisetti, A. 1997. Age-related changes of the noradrenergic innervation of rat tracheo-bronchial tree and pulmonary vasculature. Mech. Ageing Dev. 99:245–255.
  • Rikans, L. E., and Moore, D. R. 1988. Effect of aging on aqueous phase antioxidants in tissue of male Fischer rats. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 966:269–275.
  • Robinson, N. E., and Gillespie, J. R. 1973. Lung volumes in aging beagle dogs.]. Appl. Physiol. 35: 317–321.
  • Robinson, N. E., and Gillespie, J. R. 1975. Pulmonary diffusing capacity and capillary blood volume in aging dogs.]. Appl. Physiol. 38:647–650.
  • Rockstein, M., Chesky, J., and Sussman, R. 1977. In Handbook of the biology of aging, eds. C. E. Finch and L. Hayflick, pp. 3–34. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand-Reinhold.
  • Ross, K. A., and Thurlbeck, W. M. 1992. Lung growth in newborn guinea pigs: Effects of endurance exercise. Respir. PhysioL 89:353–364.
  • Runciman, S. I. C., Baudinette, R. V., and Gannon, B. J. 1996. Postnatal development of the lung parenchyma in a marsupial: The tammar wallaby. Anat. Rec. 244:193–206.
  • Runciman, S. I. C., Baudinette, R. V., Gannon, B. J., and Lipsett, J. 1998. Morphometric analysis of postnatal lung development in the tammar wallaby: Light microscopy. Respir. Physiol. 112:325–337.
  • Sahebjami, H. 1991. Lung tissue elasticity during the life-span of Fischer 344 rats. Exp. Lung Res. 17:887–902.
  • Sahebjami, H., and Vassallo, C. L. 1979. Static volume-pressure relationships in normal rats at vari-ous stages of growth. Respir. Physiol. 36:131–142.
  • Slauson, D. 0., Hobbs, C. H., and Crain, C. 1978. Arteriolar nephrosclerosis in the Syrian hamster. Vet. PathoL 15:1–11.
  • Snider, G. L., and Sherter, C. B. 1977. A one-year study of the evolution of elastase-induced emphy-sema in hamsters.]. Appl. PhysioL Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 43(4):721–729.
  • Strawbridge, H. T. G. 1960. Chronic pulmonary emphysema (an experimental study). II. Spontaneous pulmonary emphysema in rabbits. Am.]. PathoL 37:309–331.
  • Szapiel, S. V., Fulmer, J. D., Hunninghake, G. W., Elson, N. A., Kawanami, 0., Ferrans, V. J., and Crystal, R. G. 1981. Hereditary emphysema in the tight-skin (Tsk/+) mouse. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 123: 680–685.
  • Szemenyei, C., and Balint, A. 1973. Studies on the aging process of the rat lung. I. Comparison of the solubility of lung, tail skin and tail tendon collagen. Acta MorphoL Acad. ScL Hung. 21:295–301.
  • Takeda, T., Hosokawa, M., Takeshita, S., Hilo, M., Higuchi, K., Matsushita, T., Tom ita, Y., Yasuhira, K., Hamamoto, H., Shimizu, K., Ishii, M., and Yamamuro, T. 1981. A new murine model of accel-erated senescence. Mech. Ageing Dev. 17:183–94.
  • Tepper, R. S., Kisling, J., and Brearton, L. 1993. Maturation affects the maximal pulmonary response to methacholine in rabbits. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 16:48–53.
  • Tepper, R. S., Stevens, J., and Eigen, H. 1994. Heightened airway responsiveness in normal female children compared with adults. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 149:678–681.
  • Tepper, R. S., Shen, X., Bakan, E., and Gunst, S. J. 1995. Maximal airway response in mature and immature rabbits during tidal ventilation.]. Appl. PhysioL 79(4):1190–1198.
  • Thomas, D. D., Standaert, T. A., Anton, W. R., Jones, D. R., Godwin, J. D., Raghu, G., Hodson, W. A., and Allen, M. D. 1993. Growth potential of the transplanted lung in the infant primate. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 56:1274–1278.
  • Thurlbeck, W. M. 1982. Postnatal human lung growth. Thorax37:564–571.
  • Thurlbeck, W. M. 1991. Morphology of the aging lung. In The lung, eds. R. G. Crystal, J. B. West, P. J. Barnes, N. S. Cherniack, and E. R. Weibel, pp. 1743–1748. New York: Raven Press.
  • Thurlbeck, W. M., Ryder, R. C., and Sternby, N. 1974. A comparative study of the severity of emphy-sema in necropsy populations in three different countries. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 109:239–248.
  • Törnquist, S., Sundin, M., Möller, L., Gustafsson, J.-A., and Toftg5rd, R. 1988. Age dependent expres-sion of cytochrome P-450b and metabolism of the potent carcinogen 2-nitrofluorene in the rat lung. Carcinogenesis 9:2209–2214.
  • Uejima, Y., Fukuchi, Y., Nagase, T., Tabata, R., and Orimo, H. 1991. A new murine model of aging lung: The senescence accelerated mouse (SAM)-P. Mech. Ageing Dev. 61:223–236.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996a. Air quality criteria for particulate matter, vols. I-III. EPA/600/P-95/001aF. Washington, DC: U.S. EPA.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996b. Review of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter: Policy Assessment of Scientific and Technical Information. 452/R-96-013. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. EPA.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999. Air quality criteria for particulate matter, vols. I-III. EPA/600/P-99/002a. Washington, DC: U.S. EPA.
  • Van den Steen, P., Van Lommel, A., and Lauweryns, J. M. 1997. Effects of postnatal age and thymec-tomy on hamster pulmonary neuroendocrine system and aspects of programmed cell death. Cell Tissue Res. 290(3):553–567.
  • Vanscheeuwijck, P., Van de Velde, E., and Fraeyman, N. 1989. Effect of aging on properties and function of 13-adrenoceptors in rat lung. Eur. J. PharmacoL Mol. Pharmacol. Sec. 172:373–380.
  • Vincent, R., Vu, D., Hatch, G., Poon, R. Dreher, K., Guenette, J., Bjarnson, S., Potvin, M., Norwood, J., and McMullen, E. 1996. Sensitivity of lungs of aging Fischer 344 rats to ozone: Assessment by bronchoalveolar lavage. Am.]. Physiol. 271:L5554565.
  • Whaley, S. L., Muggenburg, B. A., Seiler, F. A., and Wolff, R. K. 1987. Effect of aging on tracheal mucociliary clearance in beagle dogs.]. Appl. Physiol. 62(3)1331–1334.
  • Winkler, G. C., and Cheville, N. F. 1984. The neonatal porcine lung: Ultrastructural morphology and postnatal developmentof the terminal airways and alveolar region. Anat. Rec. 210:303-313. Winkler, G. C., and Cheville, N. F. 1985. Morphometry of postnasal development in the porcine lung. Anat. Rec. 211:247–433.
  • Wolff, R. K., Henderson, R. F., Snipes, M. B., Griffith, W. C., Mauderly, J. L., Cuddihy, R. G., and McClellan, R. 0. 1987. Alterations in particle accumulation and clearance in lungs of rats chroni-cally exposed to diesel exhaust. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 9:154–166.
  • Yuan, H. T., Bingle, C. D., and Kelly, F. J. 1996. Differential patterns of antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression in guinea pig lung and liver during development Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1305:163–171.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.