Publication Cover
Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Volume 20, 2008 - Issue 1
180
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Exposure to Secondhand Smoke at Home and in Public Places in Syria: A Developing Country's Perspective

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 17-24 | Received 30 Jul 2007, Accepted 10 Sep 2007, Published online: 06 Oct 2008

REFERENCES

  • Al-Delaimy W. K. Hair as a biomarker for exposure to tobacco smoke. Tobacco Control 2002; 11(3)176–182
  • Berman B. A., Wang G. G., Bastani R., Hoang T., Jones C., Goldstein D. R., Bernert J. T., Hammond K. S., Tashkin D., Lewis M. A. Household smoking behavior and ETS exposure among children with asthma in low-income, minority households. Addict. Behav. 2003; 28: 111–128
  • Chan C. C., Chen S. C., Wang J. D. Relationship between indoor nicotine concentrations, time–activity data, and urine cotinine–creatinine ratios in evaluating children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Arch. Environ. Health 1995; 50: 230–234
  • Connolly G., Carpenter C. M., Travers M., Cummings K. M., Hyland A. How smoke-free laws improve air quality: A global study of Irish pubs. 2006, http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/irishstudy/irishstudy.pdf Available at, accessed on 08/09/07
  • Eisner M. D., Smith A. K., Blanc P. D. Bartenders' respiratory health after establishment of smokefree bars and taverns. J. Am. Med. Assoc 1998; 280(22)1909–1914
  • Hovell M. F., Zakarian J. M., Wahlgren D. R., Matt G. E., Emmons K. M. Reported measures of environmental tobacco smoke exposure: Trials and tribulations. Tobacco Control 2000; 9: III22–III28, (Suppl. 3)
  • Farrelly M. C., Nonnemaker J. M., Chou R., Hyland A., Peterson K. K., Bauer U. E. Change in hospitality workers' exposure to secondhand smoke following the implementation of New York's smoke-free law. Tobacco Control 2005; 14: 236–241
  • Global Air Monitoring Study. A 24-country comparison of levels of indoor air pollution in different workplaces. 2006, www.tobaccofreeair.org/downloads/GAMS%20report.v7_Sept_06.pdf Available at. Accessed on January 5, 2007
  • Groner J. A., Hoshaw-Woodard S., Koren G., Klein J., Castile R. Screening for children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in a pediatric primary care setting. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med 2005; 159(5)450–455
  • IARC. Involuntary smoking. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen. Risk Hum 2004; 83
  • Jaakkola J. J., Jaakkola N., Zahlsen K. Fetal growth and length of gestation in relation to prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke assessed by hair nicotine concentration. Environ. Health Perspect. 2001; 109: 557–561
  • Maziak W., Ward K. D., Eissenberg T. Measuring exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS): A developing country's perspective. Prev. Med 2006; 42(6)409–414
  • Maziak W., Ward K. D., Mzayek F., Rastam S., Bachir M. E., Fouad M. F., Hammal F., Asfar T., Mock J., Nuwayhid I., Frumkin H., Grimsley F., Chibli M. Mapping the health and environmental situation in informal zones in Aleppo, Syria: Report from the Aleppo household survey. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 2005a; 78: 547–558
  • Maziak W., Ward K. D., Rastam S., Mzayek F., Eissenberg T. Extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its dose-response relation to respiratory health among adults. Respir. Res 2005b; 6(1)13
  • Maziak W., Rastam S., Ibrahim I., Ward K. D., Eissenberg T. Waterpipe Associated Particulate Matter Emissions: The first evidence about waterpipe-associated secondhand smoke. Nicotine Tobacco Res 2007, 2007, in press
  • Pope C. A., III, Burnett R. T., Thun M. J., Calle E. E., Krewski D., Ito K., Thurston G. D. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2002; 287: 1132–1141
  • Repace J. Respirable particles and carcinogens in the air of delaware hospitality venues before and after a smoking ban. J. Occup. Environ. Med 2004; 46(9)887–905
  • Repace J. L., Lowrey A. H. Indoor air pollution, tobacco smoke, and public health. Science 1980; 208: 464–472
  • Sargent R. P., Shepard R. M., Glantz S. A. Reduced incidence of admissions for myocardial infarction associated with public smoking ban: Before and after study. BMJ 2004; 328: 977–980
  • Tobacco control country profiles 2003, O. Shafey, S. Dolwick, G. E. Guindon. American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 2003
  • Travers M. J., Hyland A., Higbee C., Travers M. B., Peppone L., Cummings M. Tobacco smoke pollution exposure in hospitality venues around the US and the effect of smoke free air policies. Society for Nicotine and Tobacco Research Conference, Austin, TX, 2007
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National ambient air quality standards for particulate matter. Fed. Reg 2006; 71(200), http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-AIR/2006/October/Day-17/a8477.htm Available at. Accessed on March 8, 2007
  • Wallace L. Indoor particles: A review. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 1996; 46(2)98–126
  • Ward K. D., Eissenberg T., Rastam S., Asfar T., Mzayek F., Fouad M. F., Hammal F., Mock J., Maziak W. The tobacco epidemic in Syria. Tobacco Control 2006; 15: 24–29, (suppl.)
  • Wipfli H., Samet J., Chau L. B., Roa R., Sargsyan A. Secondhand smoke exposure among women and children. 13th World Conference on Tobacco or Health, Washington, DC, 2006; 59–1
  • Woodruff S. I., Conway T. L., Edwards C. C., Hovell M. F. Acceptability and validity of hair collection from Latino children to assess exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Nicotine Tobacco Res 2003; 5(3)375–385

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.