221
Views
27
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Spatial summation in the tactile sensory system: Probability summation and neural integration

, , , &
Pages 255-268 | Received 07 Jan 2005, Accepted 07 Jul 2005, Published online: 10 Jul 2009

References

  • Bolanowski SJ, Gescheider GA, Verrillo RT, Checkosky CM. Four channels mediate the mechanical aspects of touch. J Acoust Soc Am 1988; 84: 1680–1694
  • Bolanowski SJ, Verrillo RT. Temperature and criterion effects in a somatosensory subsystem: A neurophysiological and psychophysical study. J Neurophysiol 1982; 48: 836–855
  • Bolanowski SJ, Jr, Zwislocki JJ. Intensity and frequency characteristics of Pacinian corpuscles. I. Action potentials. J Neurophysiol 1984; 51: 793–811
  • Checkosky CM, Bolanowski SJ. Effects of stimulus duration on the response properties of Pacinian corpuscles: Implications for the neural code. J Acoust Soc Am 1992; 91: 3372–3380
  • Cohen JC, Makous JC, Bolanowski SJ. Under which conditions do the skin and probe decouple during sinusoidal vibrations?. Exp Brain Res 1999; 129: 211–217
  • Craig J. Attenuation of vibrotactile spatial summation. Sens Process 1976; 1: 40–56
  • Craig J, Sherrick C. The role of skin coupling in the determination of vibrotactile spatial summation. Percept Psychophys 1969; 6: 97–101
  • Franzen O. On spatial summation in the tactual sense: A psychophysical and neurophysiological study. Scand J Psychol 1969; 10(3)193–208
  • Frisina RD, Gescheider GA. Comparison of child and adult vibrotactile thresholds as a function of frequency and duration. Percept Psychophys 1977; 22: 100–103
  • Gescheider GA. Evidence in support of the duplex theory of mechanoreception. Sens Process 1976; 1: 68–76
  • Gescheider GA, Beiles EJ, Bolanowski SJ, Checkosky CM, Verrillo RT. The effects of aging on information-processing channels in the sense of touch: II. Temporal summation in the P channel. Somatosens Mot Res 1994a; 11: 359–369
  • Gescheider GA, Berryhill ME, Verrillo RT, Bolanowski SJ. Vibrotactile temporal summation: Probability summation or neural integration?. Somatosens Mot Res 1999; 16: 229–242
  • Gescheider GA, Bolanowski SJ, Pope J, Verrillo RT. A four-channel analysis of the tactile sensitivity of the fingertip: Frequency selectivity, spatial summation, and temporal summation. Somatosens Mot Res 2002; 19: 114–124
  • Gescheider GA, Bolanowski SJ, Verrillo RT, Hall KL, Hoffman KE. The effects of aging on information-processing channels in the sense of touch: I. Absolute sensitivity. Somatosens Mot Res 1994b; 11: 279–290
  • Gescheider GA, Capraro AJ, Frisina RD, Hamer RD, Verrillo RT. A comparison of vibrotactile thresholds measured with and without a rigid surround. Sens Process 1978; 2: 99–115
  • Gescheider GA, Hoffman KE, Harrison MA, Travis ML, Bolanowski SJ. The effects of masking on vibrotactile temporal summation in the detection of sinusoidal and noise stimuli. J Acoust Soc Am 1994c; 95: 1006–1016
  • Gescheider GA, Joelson JM. Vibrotactile temporal summation for threshold and suprathreshold levels of stimulation. Percept Psychophys 1983; 33: 156–162
  • Gescheider GA, Zwislocki JJ, Rasmussen A. Effects of stimulus duration on the amplitude DL for vibrotaction. J Acoust Soc Am 1996; 100: 2312–2319
  • Green BG, Zaharchuk R. Spatial summation in sensitivity as a factor in measurements of spatial summation of warmth and cold. Somatosens Mot Res 2001; 18: 181–190
  • Greenspan JD, Thornadaki M, McGillis SLB. Spatial summation of perceived pressure, sharpness and mechanically evoked cutaneous pain. Somatosens Mot Res 1997; 14: 107–112
  • Güçlü B, Gescheider GA, Bolanowski SJ, Istefanopulos Y. Population model for vibrotactile spatial summation. Somatosens Mot Res 2005; 22: 239–253
  • Hardy JD, Oppel TW. Studies in temperature sensation: III. The sensitivity of the body to heat and spatial summation of the end-organ responses. J Clin Invest 1937; 16: 533–540
  • Johansson RS. Tactile afferent units with small and well-demarcated receptive fields in the glabrous skin area of the human hand. Sensory functions of the skin, DR Kenshalo. Plenum Press, New York 1979; 129–152, editor
  • Johansson RS, Vallbo AB. Tactile sensibility in the human hand: Relative and absolute densities of four types of mechanoreceptive units in glabrous skin. J Physiol (Lond) 1979; 286: 283–300
  • Makous JC, Gescheider GA, Bolanowski SJ. The effects of static indentation on vibrotactile threshold. J Acoust Soc Am 1996; 99: 3149–3153
  • Mountcastle VB, LaMotte RH, Carli G. Detection thresholds for stimuli in humans and monkeys: Comparison with threshold events in mechanoreceptive afferent nerve fibers innervating the monkey hand. J Neurophysiol 1972; 35: 122–136
  • Verrillo RT. Effect of contactor area on vibrotactile threshold. J Acout Soc Am 1963; 35: 1962–1966
  • Verrillo RT. Temporal summation in vibrotactile sensitivity. J Acoust Soc Am 1965a; 37: 843–846
  • Verrillo RT. The effect of number of pulses on vibrotactile thresholds. J Psychomon Sci 1965b; 3: 73–74
  • Verrillo RT. Effect of spatial parameters on the vibrotactile threshold. J Exp Psychol 1966a; 71(April)570–575
  • Verrillo RT. Vibrotactile thresholds for hairy skin. J Exp Psychol 1966b; 72(July)47–50
  • Verrillo RT. A duplex mechanism of mechanoreception. The skin senses, DR Kenshalo. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL 1968; 139–159, editor
  • Verrillo RT, Bolanowski SJ, Jr. The effects of skin temperature on the psychophysical responses to vibration on glabrous and hairy skin. J Acoust Soc Am 1986; 80: 528–532
  • Verrillo RT, Gescheider GA, Calman BG, Van Doren CL. Vibrotactile masking: Effects of one and two-site stimulation. Percept Psychophys 1983; 33: 379–387
  • Watson AB. Probability summation over time. Vision Res 1979; 19: 515–522
  • Zwislocki JJ. Theory of temporal auditory summation. J Acoust Soc Am 1960; 32: 1046–1060
  • Zwislocki JJ, Relkin EM. On the psychophysical transformed-rule up and down method converging on a 75% level of correct responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 4811–4814

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.