Molecular Mimicry between Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase of Leptospira and Retinal Dehydrogenase 1 of Human Lens: A Potential Trigger for Cataract Formation in Leptospiral Uveitis Patients

References

• Shukla D, Rathinam SR, Cunningham ET Jr. Leptospiral uveitis in the developing world. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2010;50:113–124. doi:10.1097/IIO.0b013e3181d2df58.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rathinam SR, Rathnam S, Selvaraj S, et al. Uveitis associated with an epidemic outbreak of leptospirosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;124:71–79. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(14)71646-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathinam SR, Namperumalsamy P, Cunningham ET Jr. Spontaneous cataract absorption in patients with leptospiral uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84:1135–1141. doi:10.1136/bjo.84.10.1135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parma AE, Cerone SI, Sansinanea SA. Biochemical analysis by SDS-PAGE and western blotting of the antigenic relationship between Leptospira and equine ocular tissues. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1992;33:179–185. doi:10.1016/0165-2427(92)90045-R.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao Z, Yu H, Xuan D, et al. Analysis of protein-protein interactions and proteomic profiles of normal human lenses. Curr Eye Res. 2010;35:605–619. doi:10.3109/02713681003734833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976;72:248–254. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luque-Garcia JL, Neubert TA. On-membrane tryptic digestion of proteins for mass spectrometry analysis. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;536:331–341.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kandhavelu J, Demonte NL, Namperumalsamy VP, et al. Aspergillus flavus induced alterations in tear protein profile reveal pathogen-induced host response to fungal infection. J Proteomics. 2017;152:13–21. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2016.10.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertz EM, Yu YK, Agarwala R, et al. Composition-based statistics and translated nucleotide searches: improving the TBLASTN module of BLAST. BMC Biol. 2006;4:41. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-4-41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, et al. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol. 1990;215:403–410. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma A, Kumar P, Babb K, et al. Cross-reactivity of antibodies against leptospiral recurrent uveitis-associated proteins A and B (LruA and LruB) with eye proteins. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4:e778. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tasman W, Jaeger EA, Luntz MH. Clinical types of cataract. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane’s Clinical Ophthalmology: Diseases of the Lens, Vol. 1. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1994:73B.
   Google Scholar
• Xiao T, Shoeb M, Siddiqui MS, et al. Molecular cloning and oxidative modification of human lens ALDH1A1: implication in impaired detoxification of lipid aldehydes. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2009;72:577–584. doi:10.1080/15287390802706371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudhary S, Srivastava S, Xiao T, et al. Metabolism of lipid derived aldehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal in human lens epithelial cells and rat lens. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:2675–2682. doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lassen N, Bateman JB, Estey T, et al. Multiple and additive functions of ALDH3A1 and ALDH1A1: cataract phenotype and ocular oxidative damage in Aldh3a1(-/-)/Aldh1a1(-/-) knock-out mice. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:25668–25676. doi:10.1074/jbc.M702076200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma A, Rathinam SR, Priya CG, et al. LruA and LruB antibodies in sera of humans with leptospiral uveitis. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2008;15:1019–1023. doi:10.1128/CVI.00203-07.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Holland GN, Yu F, et al. Associations of seroreactivity against crystallin proteins with disease activity and cataract in patients with uveitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49:4476–4481. doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wistow G. The human crystallin gene families. Hum Genomics. 2012;6:26. doi:10.1186/1479-7364-6-26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andley UP. Effects of alpha-crystallin on lens cell function and cataract pathology. Curr Mol Med. 2009;9:887–892. doi:10.2174/156652409789105598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark AR, Lubsen NH, Slingsby C. sHSP in the eye lens: crystallin mutations, cataract and proteostasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2012;44:1687–1697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibaraki N, Lin LR, Dang L, et al. Anti-beta-crystallin antibodies (mouse) or sera from humans with age-related cataract are cytotoxic for lens epithelial cells in culture. Exp Eye Res. 1997;64:229–238. doi:10.1006/exer.1996.0203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry V, Francis P, Reddy MA, et al. Alpha-B crystallin gene (CRYAB) mutation causes dominant congenital posterior polar cataract in humans. Am J Hum Genet. 2001;69:1141–1145. doi:10.1086/324158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun W, Xiao X, Li S, et al. Mutation analysis of 12 genes in Chinese families with congenital cataracts. Mol Vis. 2011;17:2197–2206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litt M, Carrero-Valenzuela R, LaMorticella DM, et al. Autosomal dominant cerulean cataract is associated with a chain termination mutation in the human beta-crystallin gene CRYBB2. Hum Mol Genet. 1997;6:665–668. doi:10.1093/hmg/6.5.665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill D, Klose R, Munier FL, et al. Genetic heterogeneity of the coppock-like cataract: a mutation in CRYBB2 on chromosome 22q11.2. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:159–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad MT, Zhang P, Dufresne C, et al. The human eye proteome project: updates on an emerging proteome. Proteomics. 2018;18:e1700394. doi:10.1002/pmic.201700394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronci M, Sharma S, Chataway T, et al. MALDI-MS-imaging of whole human lens capsule. J Proteome Res. 2011;10:3522–3529. doi:10.1021/pr200148k.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nally JE, Chantranuwat C, Wu XY, et al. Alveolar septal deposition of immunoglobulin and complement parallels pulmonary hemorrhage in a guinea pig model of severe pulmonary leptospirosis. Am J Pathol. 2004;164:1115–1127. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63198-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClellan BH, Whitney CR, Newman LP, et al. Immunoglobulins in tears. Am J Ophthalmol. 1973;76:89–101. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(73)90015-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fielder AR, Rahi AH. Immunoglobulins of normal aqueous humour. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1979;99:120–125.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar