Global Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

References

• Tomlinson A, Bron AJ, Korb DR, et al. The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the diagnosis subcommittee. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(4):2006–2049. doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6997f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machalinska A, Zakrzewska A, Safranow K, et al. Risk factors and symptoms of meibomian gland loss in a healthy population. J Ophthalmol. 2016;2016:8. doi:10.1155/2016/7526120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geerling G, Baudouin C, Aragona P, et al. Emerging strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction: proceedings of the OCEAN group meeting. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(2):179–192. doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.01.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baudouin C, Messmer EM, Aragona P, et al. Revisiting the vicious circle of dry eye disease: a focus on the pathophysiology of meibomian gland dysfunction. British J Ophthalmol. 2016;100(3):300–306. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foulks GN, Nichols KK, Bron AJ, Holland EJ, McDonald MB, Nelson JD. Improving awareness, identification, and management of meibomian gland dysfunction. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(10,Supplement):S1–S12. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.06.064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galor A. MGD: definition versus dry eye disease, risk factors. Curr Ophthalmol Rep. 2014;2(2):58–64. doi:10.1007/s40135-014-0040-x.
   Google Scholar
• Schaumberg DA, Nichols JJ, Papas EB, Tong L, Uchino M, Nichols KK. The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on the epidemiology of, and associated risk factors for, MGD. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(4):1994–2005. doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6997e.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashemi H, Rastad H, Emamian MH, Fotouhi A. Meibomian gland dysfunction and its determinants in Iranian adults: A population-based study. Contact Lens Anterior Eye. 2017;40(4):213–216. doi:10.1016/j.clae.2017.05.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols KK, Foulks GN, Bron AJ, et al. The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: executive summary. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(4):1922–1929. doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6997a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimazaki J, Sakata M, Tsubota K. Ocular surface changes and discomfort in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113(10):1266–1270. doi:10.1001/archopht.1995.01100100054027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stapleton F, Alves M, Bunya VY, et al. TFOS DEWS II epidemiology report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3):334–365. doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amano S, Inoue K. Estimation of prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction in Japan. Cornea. 2017;36(6):684–688. doi:10.1097/ICO.0000000000001208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Den S, Shimizu K, Ikeda T, Tsubota K, Shimmura S, Shimazaki J. Association between meibomian gland changes and aging, sex, or tear function. Cornea. 2006;25(6):651–655. doi:10.1097/01.ico.0000227889.11500.6f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siak JJ, Tong L, Wong WL, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of meibomian gland dysfunction: the Singapore Malay eye study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(13):1307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viso E, Rodríguez-Ares MT, Abelenda D, Oubiña B, Gude F. Prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic meibomian gland dysfunction in the general population of Spain. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53(6):2601–2606. doi:10.1167/iovs.11-9228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selçuk AA. A guide for systematic reviews: PRISMA. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;57(1):57–58. doi:10.5152/tao.2019.4058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray CJ, Ezzati M, Flaxman AD, et al. GBD 2010: a multi-investigator collaboration for global comparative descriptive epidemiology. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2055–2058. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62134-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh S. Endovista 2016 report. J Pharmacol Pharmacotherapeutics. 2013;4(1):76–77. doi:10.4103/0976-500X.107697.
   Google Scholar
• Modesti PA, Reboldi G, Cappuccio FP, et al. Panethnic differences in blood pressure in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One. 2016;11(1):e0147601. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327(7414):557–560. doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alghamdi YA, Mercado C, McClellan AL, Batawi H, Karp CL, Galor A. Epidemiology of meibomian gland dysfunction in an elderly population. Cornea. 2016;35(6):731–735. doi:10.1097/ICO.0000000000000815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asiedu K, Kyei S, Dzasimatu SK, Morny EKA. Meibomian gland dysfunction in a youthful clinical sample in Ghana. Optom Vis Sci. 2018;95(4):349–353. doi:10.1097/OPX.0000000000001192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basak SK, Pal PP, Basak S, Bandyopadhyay A, Choudhury S, Sar S. Prevalence of dry eye diseases in hospital-based population in West Bengal, Eastern India. J Indian Med Assoc. 2012; 110(11):789–794.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bukhari A, Ajlan R, Alsaggaf H. Prevalence of dry eye in the normal population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Orbit. 2009;28(6):392–397. doi:10.3109/01676830903074095.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Han S, Hyon J, Woo S, Lee J, Kim T, Kim K. Prevalence of dry eye disease in an elderly korean population. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011;129(5):633–638. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hom MM, Martinson JR, Knapp LL, Paugh JR. Prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction. Optom Vis Sci. 1990;67(9):710–712. doi:10.1097/00006324-199009000-00010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jie Y, Xu L, Wu YY, Jonas JB. Prevalence of dry eye among adult Chinese in the Beijing eye study. Eye. 2008;23:688. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6703101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lekhanont K, Rojanaporn D, Chuck RS, Vongthongsri A. Prevalence of dry eye in Bangkok, Thailand. Cornea. 2006;25(10):1162–1167. doi:10.1097/01.ico.0000244875.92879.1a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin P-Y, Tsai S-Y, Cheng C-Y, Liu J-H, Chou P, Hsu W-M. Prevalence of dry eye among an elderly Chinese population in Taiwan: the Shihpai eye study. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(6):1096–1101. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00262-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez JD, Galor A, Ramos-Betancourt N, et al. Frequency and risk factors associated with dry eye in patients attending a tertiary care ophthalmology center in Mexico City. Clin Ophthalmol. 2016;10:1335–1342. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S106451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarty CA, Bansal AK, Livingston PM, Stanislavsky YL, Taylor HR. The epidemiology of dry eye in Melbourne, Australia11Consumable items for the dry eye examinations were provided by Smith & Nephew, Melbourne, Australia, and Alcon Australia, Sydney, Australia. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(6):1114–1119. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(98)96016-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mostafa E. Prevalence of dry eye disease in southern Egypt: a hospital-based outpatient clinic study. J Egypt Ophthalmol Soc. 2016;109:32. doi:10.4103/2090-0686.192749.
   Google Scholar
• Rege A, Kulkarni V, Puthran N, Khandgave T. A clinical study of subtype-based prevalence of dry eye. J Clin Diagn Res: JCDR. 2013;7(10):2207–2210. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2013/6089.3472.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schein OD, MuÑOz B, Tielsch JM, Bandeen-Roche K, West S. Prevalence of dry eye among the elderly. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;124(6):723–728. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(14)71688-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah S, Jani H. Prevalence and associated factors of dry eye: our experience in patients above 40 years of age at a tertiary care center. Oman J Ophthalmol. 2015;8(3):151–156. doi:10.4103/0974-620X.169910.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siak JJ, Tong L, Wong WL, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of meibomian gland dysfunction: the Singapore Malay eye study. Cornea. 2012;31(11):1223–1228. doi:10.1097/ICO.0b013e31823f0977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchino M, Dogru M, Yagi Y, et al. The features of dry eye disease in a Japanese elderly population. Optometry Vision Sci. 2006;83(11):797–802. doi:10.1097/01.opx.0000232814.39651.fa.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan DA, Rocha EM, Aragona P, et al. TFOS DEWS II sex, gender, and hormones report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3):284–333. doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.04.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan DA, Jensen RV, Suzuki T, Richards SM. Do sex steroids exert sex-specific and/or opposite effects on gene expression in lacrimal and meibomian glands? Mol Vis. 2009;15:1553–1572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki T, Minami Y, Komuro A, Yokoi N, Kinoshita S. Meibomian gland physiology in pre- and postmenopausal women. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58(2):763–771. doi:10.1167/iovs.16-20811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arita R, Mizoguchi T, Kawashima M, et al. Meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye are similar but different based on a population-based study: the Hirado-Takushima study in Japan. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;207:410–418. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2019.02.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizoguchi T, Arita R, Fukuoka S, Morphology MN. Function of meibomian glands and other tear film parameters in junior high school students. Cornea. 2017;36(8):922–926. doi:10.1097/ICO.0000000000001252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar