REFERENCES
- Aine E. Refractive errors in a Finnish rural population. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1984; 62: 944–954, [CSA]
- Grosvenor T. Etiology of astigmatism. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1978; 55: 214–218, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Gudmundsdottir E, Jonasson F, Jonsson V, Stefansson E, Sasaki H, Sasaki K. “With the rule” astigmatism is not the rule in the elderly. Reykjavik Eye Study: a population based study of refraction and visual acuity in citizens of Reykjavik 50 years and older. Iceland-Japan Co-Working Study Groups. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2000; 78: 642–646, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Hashemi H, Hatef E, Fotouhi A, Mohammad K. Astigmatism and its determinants in the Tehran population: the Tehran eye study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2005; 12: 373–381, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Mandalos A T, Peios D K, Mavracanas A, Golias V A, Megalou K G, Delidou K A, Gregoriadou A C, Katsougiannopoulos B C. Prevalence of astigmatism among students in northern Greece. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2002; 12: 1–4, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Midelfart A, Kinge B, Midelfart S, Lydersen S. Prevalence of refractive errors in young and middle-aged adults in Norway. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2002; 80: 501–505, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Shih Y F, Hsiao C K, Tung Y L, Lin L L, Chen C J, Hung P T. The prevalence of astigmatism in Taiwan schoolchildren. Optom Vis Sci. 2004; 81: 94–98, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Katz J, Tielsch J M, Sommer A. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in an adult inner city population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997; 38: 334–340, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Wong T Y, Foster P J, Hee J, Ng T P, Tielsch J M, Chew S J, Johnson G J, Seah S K. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in adult Chinese in Singapore. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000; 41: 2486–2494, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Chow Y C, Dhillon B, Chew P T, Chew S J. Refractive errors in Singapore medical students. Singapore Med J. 1990; 31: 472–473, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Voo I, Lee D A, Oelrich F O. Prevalences of ocular conditions among Hispanic, white, Asian, and black immigrant students examined by the UCLA Mobile Eye Clinic. J Am Optom Assoc. 1998; 69: 255–261, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Tong L, Saw S M, Carkeet A, Chan W Y, Wu H M, Tan D. Prevalence rates and epidemiological risk factors for astigmatism in Singapore school children. Optom Vis Sci. 2002; 79: 606–613, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Czepita D, Goslawski W, Mojsa A. Astigmatism among students ranging from 6 to 18 years of age. Klin Oczna. 2004; 106: 61–63, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Boomsma D, Busjahn A, Peltonen L. Classical twin studies and beyond. Nat Rev Genet. 2002; 3: 872–882, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Hammond C J, Snieder H, Gilbert C E, Spector T D. Genes and environment in refractive error: the twin eye study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001; 42: 1232–1236, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Teikari J, O'Donnell J J, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M. Genetic and environmental effects on oculometric traits. Optom Vis Sci. 1989; 66: 594–599, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Teikari J M, O'Donnell J J. Astigmatism in 72 twin pairs. Cornea. 1989; 8: 263–266, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Christian J C, Williams C J. Comparison of analysis of variance and likelyhood models of twin data analysis. Advanced in Twin and Sib-Pair Analysis, T D Spector, H Snieder, A J MacGregor. Greenwich Medical Media, London 2000; 103–118
- Harris J R, Magnus P, Tambs K. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel: a description of the sample and program of research. Twin Res. 2002; 5: 415–423, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Magnus P, Berg K, Nance W E. Predicting zygosity in Norwegian twin pairs born 1915–1960. Clin Genet. 1983; 24: 103–112, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Bonney G E. Logistic regression for dependent binary observations. Biometrics. 1987; 43: 951–973, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Barros A J, Hirakata V N. Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: an empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2003; 3: 21, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Neale M C, Cardon L R. Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families. Dordrect. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands 1992
- Neale M C, Boker S M, Xie G, Maes H H. Mx: Statistical Modelling, 6th ed. Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA 2003
- Posthuma D, Boomsma D I. Mx scripts library: structural equation modeling scripts for twin and family data. Behav Genet. 2005; 35: 499–505, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Walline J J, Zadnik K, Mutti D O. Validity of surveys reporting myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Optom Vis Sci. 1996; 73: 376–381, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Kvestad E, Kvaerner K J, Roysamb E, Tambs K, Harris J R, Magnus P. The reliability of self-reported childhood otitis media by adults. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005; 70: 597–602, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Montes-Mico R. Astigmatism in infancy and childhood. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2000; 37: 349–353, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Clementi M, Angi M, Forabosco P, Di Gianantonio E, Tenconi R. Inheritance of astigmatism: evidence for a major autosomal dominant locus. Am J Hum Genet. 1998; 63: 825–830, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]