Risk Factors for Maternal Night Blindness in Rural South India

REFERENCES

• Tansley K. Night blindness. Br J Ophthalmol 1939; 23: 161–170
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dixit D T. Night-blindness in third trimester of pregnancy. Indian J Med Res 1966; 54: 791–795
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal G S, Nanda K N, Bose J. Night blindness in pregnancy. J. Obstet Gynaecol India 1969; 19: 453–458
   Google Scholar
• Venkatachalam P S, Belvady B, Gopalan C. Studies on vitamin A nutritional status of mothers and infants in poor communities in India. Trop Pediatr 1962; 61: 262–268
   Google Scholar
• Katz J, Khatry S K, West K P, Jr., Humphrey J H, Le Clerq S C, Pradhan E K, et al. Night blindness in prevalent during pregnancy and lactation in rural Nepal. J Nutr 1995; 125: 2122–2127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christian P, West K P, Jr., Khatry S K, Katz J, Shrestha S R, Pradhan E K, et al. Night blindness of pregnancy in rural Nepal—Nutritional and health risks. Int J Epidemiol 1998; 27: 231–237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christian P, Thorne-Lyman A L, West K P, Jr., Bentley M E, Khatry S K, Pradhan E K, et al. Working after the sun goes down: Exploring how might blindness impairs women's work activities in rural Nepal. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998; 52: 519–524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christian P, Bentley M E, Pradhan R, West K P, Jr. An ethnographic study of night blindness “ratauni” among women in the terai of Nepal. Soc Sci Med 1998; 46: 879–889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christian P, West K P, Jr., Khatry S K, LeClerq S C, Pradhan E K, Katz J, et al. Maternal night blindness increases the risk of mortality in the first 6 months of life among infants in Nepal. J Nutr 2001; 131: 1510–1512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christian P, West K P, Jr., Khatry S K, Pradhan E K, LeClerq S C, Katz J, et al. Night blindness during pregnancy and subsequent mortality among women in Nepal: Effects of vitamin A and beta-carotene supplementation. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 152: 542–547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toteja G S, Singh P, Dhillon B S, Saxena B N. Vitamin A deficiency disorders in 16 districts of India. Indian J Pediatr 2002; 69: 603–605
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tielsch J M, Rahmathullah Katz J, Thulasiraj R D, Coles C, Sheeladevi S, et al. Maternal night blindness during pregnancy is associated with low birthweight, morbidity and poor growth in South India. J Nutr 2008; 138: 787–792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semba R D, de Pee S, Panagides D, Poly O, Bloem M W. Risk factors for nightblindness among women of childbearing age in Cambodia. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57: 1627–1632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West K P, Jr. Extent of vitamin A deficiency among preschool children and women of reproductive age. J Nutr 2002; 132: 2857S–2866S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosley W H, Chen L C. An analytic framework for the study of child survival in developing countries. Child Survival: Strategies for Research Population and Development Review, W H Mosley, L C Chen, 1984; vol. 10: 25–45
   Google Scholar
• Zeitlin M F, Megawangi R, Kramer E M, Armstrong H C. Mothers' and children's intakes of vitamin A in rural Bangladesh. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 56: 136–147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• deee P S., West C E, Muhilal Karyadi D, Hautvast J G. Lack of improvement in vitamin A status with increased consumption of dark-green leafy vegetables. Lancet 1995; 346: 75–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller M, Humphrey J, Johnson E, Marinda E, Brookmeyer R, Katz J. Why do children become vitamin A deficient?. J Nutr 2002; 132: 2867S–2880S
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommer A, Tarwotjo I, Katz J. Increased risk of xerophthalmia following diarrhea and respiratory disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 45: 977–980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kusin J A, Kardjati S, Suryohudoyo P, De With C. Anemia and hypovitaminosis A among rural women in East Java, Indonesia. Trop Geogr Med 1980; 32: 30–39
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DHS Statcompiler, Accessed January 5, 2009 from http://www.statcompiler.com/index.cfm
   Google Scholar
• Rahmathullah L, Tielsch J M, Thulasiraj R D, Katz J, Coles C, Devi S, et al. Impact of supplementing newborn infants with vitamin A on early infant mortality: Community-based randomized trial in southern India. BMJ 2003; 327: 254–257
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sommer A, Davidson F R. Assessment and control of vitamin A deficiency. The Annecy Accords. J Nutr 2002; 132: 2845S–2851S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed F, Mahmuda I, Sattar A, Akhtaruzzaman M. Anaemia and vitamin A deficiency in poor urban pregnant women of Bangladesh. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2003; 12: 460–466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas A B, Mitra N K, Chakraborty I, Basu S, Kumar S. Evaluation of vitamin A status during pregnancy. J Indian Med Assoc 2000; 98: 525–529
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christian P. Recommendations for indicators: Night blindness during pregnancy—A simple tool to assess vitamin A deficiency in a population. J Nutr 2002; 132: 2884S–2888S
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christian P. Maternal Night Blindness. A New Indicator of Vitamin A Deficiency. IVAGC Statement. International Vitamin A Consultative Group, Washington, D.C. 2002
   Google Scholar