References
- Wittenborn JS, Zhang X, Feagan CW, et al. The economic burden of vision loss and eye disorders among the United States population younger than 40 years. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(9):1728–1735. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.01.068.
- Smithen LM, Brown GC, Brown MM. Dollars and sight: the economics of ophthalmology. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2004;15(3):173–180. doi:10.1097/01.icu.0000120673.27548.52.
- GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the right to sight: an analysis for the global burden of disease study. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;9(2):e144–160. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30489-7.
- Rein DB, Wittenborn JS, Zhang P, et al. The economic burden of vision loss and blindness in the United States. Ophthalmology. September 21, 2021;128(1):15–27. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.09.010. Published online S0161-6420(21)00710-7.
- Olivieri DJ, Yu ZZ, Greenberg PB. Advancing equity in global ophthalmology. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021;259(6):1677–1678. doi:10.1007/s00417-020-05009-8.
- Berkowitz ST, Groth SL, Gangaputra S, Patel S. Racial/ethnic disparities in ophthalmology clinical trials resulting in US food and drug administration drug approvals from 2000 to 2020. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(6):629–637. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.0857.
- Rajeshuni N, Zubair T, Ludwig CA, Moshfeghi DM, Mruthyunjaya P. Evaluation of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic associations with treatment and survival in uveal melanoma, 2004-2014. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138(8):876–884. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.2254.
- Halawa OA, Kolli A, Oh G, et al. Racial and socioeconomic differences in eye care utilization among medicare beneficiaries with glaucoma. Ophthalmology. Published online October 6, 2021; S0161-6420(21)00742-9. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.09.022
- Lee CS, Su GL, Baughman DM, Wu Y, Lee AY. Disparities in delivery of ophthalmic care; an exploration of public medicare data. PLoS One. 2017;12(8):e0182598. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182598.
- Zhang X, Beckles GL, Chou CF, et al. Socioeconomic disparity in use of eye care services among US adults with age-related eye diseases: national health interview survey, 2002 and 2008. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;131(9):1198–1206. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.4694.
- Knight A, Lindfield R. The relationship between socio-economic status and access to eye health services in the UK: a systematic review. Public Health. 2015;129(2):94–102. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2014.10.011.
- Singman EL, Smith K, Mehta R, et al. Cost and visit duration of same-day access at an academic ophthalmology department vs emergency department. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019;137(7):729–735. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.0864.
- Oh H. Consumerism in action: how patients and physicians negotiate payment in health care. Qual Health Res. 2013;23(3):385–395. doi:10.1177/1049732312468507.
- Mundy KM, Nichols E, Lindsey J. Socioeconomic disparities in cataract prevalence, characteristics, and management. Semin Ophthalmol. 2016;31(4):358–363. doi:10.3109/08820538.2016.1154178.
- Daniels AB, Nathan NR, Kohanim S. Disparities in eye health and disease: where are we in 2016? Semin Ophthalmol. 2016;31(4):295. doi:10.3109/08820538.2016.1154760.
- Lundeen EA, Wittenborn J, Benoit SR, Saaddine J. Disparities in receipt of eye exams among medicare part B fee-for-service beneficiaries with diabetes—United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(45):1020–1023. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6845a3.
- Canedo JR, Miller ST, Schlundt D, Fadden MK, Sanderson M. Racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes quality of care: the role of healthcare access and socioeconomic status. J Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. 2018;5(1):7–14. doi:10.1007/s40615-016-0335-8.
- Wu AM, Wu CM, Tseng VL, et al. Characteristics associated with receiving cataract surgery in the US medicare and veterans health administration populations. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018;136(7):738–745. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.1361.
- Lurie N, Kamberg CJ, Brook RH, Keeler EB, Newhouse JP. How free care improved vision in the health insurance experiment [published correction appears in. Am J Public Health. Dec, 1989;79(12):1677]. doi:10.2105/ajph.79.5.640. Am J Public Health. 1989;79(5):640-642.
- Baicker K, Taubman SL, Allen HL, et al. The Oregon experiment—effects of Medicaid on clinical outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(18):1713–1722. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa1212321.
- Lipton BJ, Decker SL. The effect of health insurance coverage on medical care utilization and health outcomes: evidence from Medicaid adult vision benefits. J Health Econ. 2015;44:320–332. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.10.006.
- Cohen RA, Terlizzi E, Martinez M. 2018. Health Insurance Coverage. Early Release of Estimates from the National Health Interview Surv. Published online 2018:40.
- Glied SA, Collins SR, Lin S. Did the ACA lower Americans’ financial barriers to health care? Health Aff (Millwood). 2020;39(3):379–386. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2019.01448.
- Blumenthal D, Collins SR, Fowler EJ. The Affordable Care Act at 10 years—its coverage and access provisions. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):963–969. doi:10.1056/NEJMhpr1916091.
- Pang Y, Ren Z, Wang J. Impact of the Affordable Care Act on utilization of benefits of eye care and primary care examinations. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):e0241475. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241475.
- Guo W, Woodward MA, Heisler M, et al. Risk factors for visual impairment in an uninsured population and the impact of the Affordable Care Act. Clin Surg. 2016;1:1236.
- Chen EM, Armstrong GW, Cox JT, et al. Association of the Affordable Care act Medicaid expansion with dilated eye examinations among the United States population with diabetes. Ophthalmology. 2020;127(7):920–928. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.09.010.
- Maa AY, Evans C, Delaune W, Lynch MG. Veteran eye disease after eligibility reform: prevalence and characteristics. Mil Med. 2013;178(7):811–815. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00537.
- Miller DD, Stewart MW, Gagne JJ, Wagner AL, Lee AY. Differences in characteristics of Medicare patients treated by ophthalmologists and optometrists. PLoS One. 2020;15(9):e0227783. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227783.
- McGwin G, Khoury R, Cross J, Owsley C. Vision impairment and eye care utilization among Americans 50 and older. Curr Eye Res. 2010;35(6):451–458. doi:10.3109/02713681003664931.
- Cheung N, Mitchell P, Wong TY. Diabetic retinopathy. Lancet. 2010;376(9735):124–136. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62124-3.
- Roberti G, Oddone F, Agnifili L, et al. Steroid-induced glaucoma: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management. Surv Ophthalmol. 2020;65(4):458–472. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.01.002.
- DellaCroce JT, Vitale AT. Hypertension and the eye. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008;19(6):493–498. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283129779.
- Uhr JH, Chawla H, Williams BK, Cavuoto KM, Sridhar J. Racial and socioeconomic disparities in visual impairment in the United States. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(7):1102–1104. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.10.041.
- Hirth RA, Greer SL, Albert JM, Young EW, Piette JD. Out-of-pocket spending and medication adherence among dialysis patients in twelve countries. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008;27(1):89–102. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.27.1.89.
- Kelley RK, Venook AP. Nonadherence to imatinib during an economic downturn. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(6):596–598. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1004656.
- Abate SM, Chekole YA, Minaye SY, Basu B. Global prevalence and reasons for case cancellation on the intended day of surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg Open. 2020;26:55–63. doi:10.1016/j.ijso.2020.08.006.
- Guyuron B, Zarandy S. Causes for cancellation of aesthetic and reconstructive procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993;92(4):662–668. discussion 669-670. doi:10.1097/00006534-199309001-00015.
- Schwartz M, Shah R, Wetzel M, Raol N. Relationship between insurance type and delays in tympanostomy tube placement. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2021;130(2):142–147. doi:10.1177/0003489420940333.
- Smolderen KG, Spertus JA, Nallamothu BK, et al. Health care insurance, financial concerns in accessing care, and delays to hospital presentation in acute myocardial infarction. JAMA. 2010;303(14):1392–1400. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.409.
- Watts SH, David Bryan E, Tarwater PM. Changes in insurance status and emergency department visits after the 2008 economic downturn. Acad Emerg Med. 2015;22(1):73–80. doi:10.1111/acem.12553.
- Al Rowas S, Rothberg MB, Johnson B, et al. The association between insurance type and cost-related delay in care: a survey. Am J Manag Care. 2017;23(7):435–442. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0644.
- Alexander GC, Casalino LP, Meltzer DO. Patient-physician communication about out-of-pocket costs. JAMA. 2003;290(7):953–958. doi:10.1001/jama.290.7.953.
- Alexander GC, Casalino LP, Tseng CW, McFadden D, Meltzer DO. Barriers to patient-physician communication about out-of-pocket costs. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19(8):856–860. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30249.x.
- Stone JS, Fukuoka H, Weinreb RN, Afshari NA. Insurance relationship between race, coverage, and visual acuity at the time of cataract surgery. Eye Contact Lens. 2018;44(6):393–398. doi:10.1097/ICL.0000000000000443.
- Patel S, Sternberg P. Association between opioid prescribing patterns and abuse in ophthalmology. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017;135(11):1216. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.4055.
- Wu AM, Morse AR, Seiple WH, et al. Reduced mammography screening for breast cancer among women with visual impairment. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(2):317–323. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.07.029.
- Pershing S, Henderson VW, Goldstein MK, et al. Cataract surgery complexity and surgical complication rates among medicare beneficiaries with and without dementia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021;221:27–38. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2020.08.025.
- Berkowitz ST, Liu Y, Chen Q, Patel S. Correlation between ophthalmology market saturation and medicare utilization rates. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021;229:137–144. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2021.04.011.
- Han E, Baisiwala S, Jain A, Bundorf MK, Pershing S. An analysis of medicare reimbursement to ophthalmologists: years 2012 to 2013. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;182:133–140. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2017.07.022.
- Kaiser Family Foundation. Total marketplace enrollment. KFF. Published April 30, 2021. Accessed January 24, 2022. https://www.kff.org/health-reform/state-indicator/total-marketplace-enrollment/
- Rathi S, Andrews CA, Greenfield DS, Stein JD. Trends in glaucoma surgeries performed by glaucoma subspecialists versus nonsubspecialists on medicare beneficiaries from 2008 through 2016. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(1):30–38. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.06.051.
- Lee PP, Feldman ZW, Ostermann J, Brown DS, Sloan FA. Longitudinal rates of annual eye examinations of persons with diabetes and chronic eye diseases. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(10):1952–1959. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00817-0.
- Morse AR, Seiple W, Talwar N, Lee PP, Stein JD. Association of vision loss with hospital use and costs among older adults. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019;137(6):634–640. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.0446.
- Stein JD, Lum F, Lee PP, Rich WL, Coleman AL. Use of health care claims data to study patients with ophthalmologic conditions. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(5):1134–1141. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.11.038.
- Clark A, Ng JQ, Morlet N, Semmens JB. Big data and ophthalmic research. Surv Ophthalmol. 2016;61(4):443–465. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.01.003.