References
- Lindquist O, Bengsston C. Serum lipids, arterial blood pressure and body weight in relation to the menopause: results from a population study of women in Goeteborg, Sweden. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1990; 40: 629–636
- Pasquali R, Casimirri F, Labate A M, Tortelli O, Pascal G, Anconetani B, Gatto M R, Flamia R, Capelli M, Barbara L. Body weight, fat distribution and the menopausal status in women. The VMH Collaborative Group. Int J Obes Related Metab Disord 1994; 18: 614–621
- Björkelund C, Lissner L, Andersson S, Lapidus L, Bengtsson C. Reproductive history in relation to relative weight and fat distribution. Int J Obes Related Metab Disord 1996; 20: 213–219
- Hassager C, Christiansen C. Estrogen/gestagen therapy changes soft tissue body composition in postmenopausal women. Metabolism 1989; 38: 662–665
- Al-Harithy R N. Relationship of leptin concentration to gender, body mass index and age in Saudi adults. Saudi Med J 2004; 25: 1086–1090
- Wu-Peng S, Rosenbaum M, Nicolson M, Chua S C, Leibel R L. Effects of exogenous gonadal steroids on leptin homeostasis in rats. Obes Res 1999; 7: 586–592
- Lavoie H B, Taylor A E, Sharpless J L, Anderson E J, Strauss C C, Hall J E. Effects of short-term replacement of serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1999; 51: 415–422
- Hadji P, Gorke K, Hars O, Bauer T, Emons G, Schulz K D. The influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on serum leptin concentrations in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2000; 37: 105–111
- Hadji P, Hars O, Bock K, Sturm G, Bauer T, Emons G, Schulz K D. The influence of menopause and body mass index on serum leptin concentrations. Eur J Endocrinol 2000; 143: 55–60
- Gol M, Ozsener S, Sendag F, Uretmen S, Oztekin K, Tanyalcin T, Bilgin O. Does tibolone affect serum leptin levels and body weight in postmenopausal women?. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2005; 272: 127–130
- Panidis D K, Rousso D H, Kourtis A I, Stergiopoulos K N, Mavromatidis G A, Katsikis I K. The influence of tibolone upon serum leptin levels in post-menopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001; 96: 85–87
- Sumner A E, Falkner B, Kushner H, Considine R V. Relationship of leptin concentration to gender, menopause, age, diabetes, and fat mass in African Americans. Obes Res 1998; 6: 128–133
- Milewicz A, Bidzińska B, Mikulski E, Demissie M, Tworowska U. Influence of obesity and menopausal status on serum leptin, cholecystokinin, galanin and neuropeptide Y levels. Gynecol Endocrinol 2000; 13: 1–8
- Friedman J M, Halaas J L. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature 1998; 395: 763–770
- Wauters M, Considine R V, Van Gaal L F. Human leptin: from an adipocyte hormone to an endocrine mediator. Eur J Endocrinol 2000; 143: 293–311
- Halaas J L, Gajiwala K S, Maffei M, Cohen S L, Chait B T, Rabinowitz D, Lallone R L, Burley S K, Friedman J M. Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science 1995; 269: 543–546
- Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman J M. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994; 372: 425–432
- Baranowska B, Radzikowska M, Wasilewska-Dziubińska E, Roguski K, Polonowski A. Relationship among leptin, neuropeptide Y, and galanin in young women and in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2000; 7: 149–155
- Bluher S, Mantzoros C S. The role of leptin in regulating neuroendocrine function in humans. J Nutr 2004; 134: 2469S–2474S
- Kulik-Rechberger B, Rechberger T. Leptin as a factor invoking puberty in girls. Gin Pol 2001; 72: 535–540
- Gomez J M, Maravall F J, Gomez N, Navarro M A, Casamitjana R, Soler J. Interactions between serum leptin, the insulin-like growth factor-I system, and sex, age, anthropometric and body composition variables in healthy population randomly selected. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003; 58: 213–219
- Lambrinoudaki I, Christodoulakos G, Panoulis C, Botsis D, Rizos D, Augoulea A, Creatsas G. Determinants of serum leptin levels in healthy postmenopausal women. J Endocrinol Invest 2003; 26: 1225–1230
- Douchi T, Iwamoto I, Yoshimitsu N, Kosha S, Nagata Y. Leptin production in pre- and postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2002; 42: 219–223
- Shimizu H, Shimomura Y, Nakanishi Y, Futawatari T, Ohtani K, Sato N, Mori M. Estrogen increases in vivo leptin production in rats and human subjects. J Endocrinol 1997; 154: 285–292
- Tommaselli G A, Di Carlo C, Nasti A, Giordano E, Pisano G, Pellicano M, Bifulco G, Nappi C. Effects of bilateral ovariectomy and postoperative hormonal replacement therapy with 17β-estradiol or raloxifene on serum leptin levels. Menopause 2003; 10: 160–164
- Di Carlo C, Tommaselli G A, Pisano G, Nasti A, Rossi V, Palomba S, Nappi C. Serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women: effect of transdermal hormone replacement therapy. Menopause 2000; 7: 36–41
- Baumgartner R N, Ross R R, Waters D L, Brooks W M, Morley J E, Montoya G D, Garry P J. Serum leptin in elderly people: associations with sex hormones, insulin, and adipose tissue volumes. Obes Res 1999; 7: 141–149
- Zhong N, Wu X P, Xu Z R, Wang A H, Luo X H, Cao X Z, Xie H, Shan P F, Liao E Y. Relationship of serum leptin with age, body weight, body mass index, and bone mineral density in healthy mainland Chinese women. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 351: 161–168
- Rosenbaum M, Nicolson M, Hirsch J, Heymsfield S B, Gallagher D, Chu F, Leibel R L. Effects of gender, body composition, and menopause on plasma concentrations of leptin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 3424–3427
- Havel P J, Kasim-Karakas S, Dubuc G R, Mueller W, Phinney S D. Gender differences in plasma leptin concentrations. Nat Med 1996; 29(9)949–950
- Lönnqvist F, Arner P, Nordfors L, Schalling M. Overexpression of the obese (ob) gene in adipose tissue of human obese subjects. Nat Med 1995; 1: 950–953
- Lin K C. Increase of leptin levels following exogenous administration of estrogen in women with normal menstruation. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2000; 16: 13–19
- Hickey M S, Gardiner S N, Thomson D P, Barakat H A. Gender differences in plasma leptin concentration are not influenced by menopause or hormone replacement therapy. Med Sci Res 1998; 26: 271–273
- Haffner S M, Mykkänen L, Stern M P. Leptin concentrations in women in the San Antonio heart study: effect of menopausal status and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146: 581–585
- Hadji P, Bock K, Gotschalk M, Hars O, Backhus J, Emons G, Schulz K D. The influence of serum leptin concentration on bone mass assessed by quantitative sonography in pre- and postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2003; 44: 141–148
- Elbers J M, Asscheman H, Seidell J C, Frolich M, Meinders A E, Gooren L J. Reversal of the sex difference in serum leptin levels upon cross-sex hormone administration in transsexuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 3267–3270
- Rajatanavin R. Change in body weight after hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women is dependent on basal circulating leptin. Maturitas 1998; 30: 283–288
- Martinez-Carpio P A, Fiol C, Hurtado I, Hurtado I, Arias C, Ruiz E, Orozco P, Corominas A. Relation between leptin and body fat distribution in menopausal status. J Physiol Biochem 2003; 59: 301–307
- Garaulet M, Perex-Llamas F, Fuente T, Zamora S, Tebar F J. Anthropometric, computed tomography and fat cell data in an obese population: relationship with insulin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α, sex hormone-binding globulin and sex hormones. Eur J Endocrinol 2000; 143: 657–666
- Minocci A, Savia G, Lucantoni R, Berselli M E, Tagliaferri M, Calo G, Petroni M L, de Medici C, Viberti G C, Liuzzi A. Leptin plasma concentrations are dependent on body fat distribution in obese patients. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24: 1139–1144
- Guagnano M T, Manigrasso M R, Ballone E, Della Vecchia R, Riccioni G, Marinopiccoli M, Nutini M, Sensi S, Davi G. Association between serum leptin levels and 24-hour blood pressure in obese women. Obes Res 2003; 11: 549–555
- Siemińska L, Wojciechowska C, Nowalany-Kozielska E, Marek B, Kos-Kudla B, Nowak M, Foltyn W, Kajdaniuk D, Borowska-Kozler A. Leptin in men with coronary artery disease. Pol J Endocrinol 2003; 54: 762–766
- De silva A, De Courten M, Zimmet P, Nicholson G, Kotowicz M, Pasco J, Collier G R. Lifestyle factors fail to explain the variation in plasma leptin concentrations in women. Nutrition 1998; 14: 653–657