Metabolic syndrome and reproduction: I. Testicular function

References

• Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Final report. Circulation 2002; 106: 3143–3421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberti K G, Zimmet P Z. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus: provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 1998; 15: 539–553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einhorn D, Reaven G M, Cobin R H. American College of Endocrinology position statement on the insulin resistance syndrome. Endocr Pract 2003; 9: 237–252
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jarow J P, Kirkland J, Koritnik D R, Cefalu W T. Effect of obesity and fertility status on sex steroid levels in men. Urology 1993; 42: 171–174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramirez-Torres M A, Carrera A, Zambrana M. High incidence of hyperestrogenemia and dyslipidemia in a group of infertile men. Ginecol Obstet Mex 2000; 68: 224–229
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lima N, Cavaliere H, Knobel M, Halpern A, Medeiros-Neto G. Decreased androgen levels in massively obese men may be associated with impaired function of the gonadostat. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24: 1433–1437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laaksonen D E, Niskanen L, Punnonen K, Nyyssönen K, Tuomainen T P, Valkonen V P, Salonen J T. The metabolic syndrome and smoking in relation to hypogonadism in middle-aged men: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 712–719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koloszar S, Fejes I, Zavaczki Z, Daru J, Szollosi J, Pal A. Effect of body weight on sperm concentration in normozoospermic males. Arch Androl 2005; 51: 299–304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen T K, Andersson A M, Jorgensen N, Andersen A G, Carlsen E, Petersen J H, Skakkebaek N E. Body mass index in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormones among 1,558 Danish men. Fertil Steril 2004; 82: 863–870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gooren L JG. Visceral obesity, androgens and the risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Aging Male 2001; 4: 30–38
   Google Scholar
• Arniel S A, Caprio S, Sherwin R S, Plewe G, Morey W H, Tamborlane W V. Insulin resistance of puberty: a defect restricted to peripheral glucose metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 72: 277–282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roemmich J N. Alterations in body composition during adolescence. Curr Opin Endocrimol Diabet 1998; 5: 11–18
   Google Scholar
• Tsai E C, Boyko E J, Leonetti D L, Fujimoto W Y. Low testosterone level as a predictor of increased visceral fat in Japanese-American men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24: 485–491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebuff-Scrive M, Marin P, Bjorntorp P. Effect of testosterone on abdominal adipose tissue. Int J Obes 1991; 15: 791–795
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu X, Pergola G, Bjorntorp P. The effects of androgens on the regulation of lipolysis in adipose precursor cells. Endocrinology 1990; 126: 1229–1234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottosson M, Vikman-Adolfsson K, Enerback S, Bengtsson-Olivecrona G, Bjorntorp P. The effects of cortisol on the regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity in human adipose tissue. J Clin Endorinol Metab 1994; 79: 820–825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottosson M, Vikman-Adolfsson K, Enerback S, Elander A, Bjorntorp P, Edon S. Growth hormone inhibits lipoprotein lipase activity in human adipose tissue. J Clin Endorinol Metab 1995; 80: 936–941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith E P, Boyd J, Frank G R, Takahashi H, Cohen R M, Specker B, Williams T C, Lubahn D B, Korach K S. Estrogen resistance caused by a mutation in the estrogen receptor gene in a man. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 1056–1061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson E R, Misso M, Hewitt K N, Hill R A, Boon W C, Jones M E, Kovacic A, Zhou J, Clyne C D. Estrogen – the good, the bad, and the unexpected. Endocr Rev 2005; 26: 322–330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maffei L, Murata Y, Rochira V, Tubert G, Aranda C, Vazquez M, Clyne C D, Davis S, Simpson E R, Carani C. Dysmetabolic syndrome in a man with a novel mutation of the aromatase gene: effects of testosterone, alendronate, and estradiol treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 61–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagatell C J, Knopp R H, Rivier G I, Bremner W J. Physiological levels of estradiol stimulate plasma high density lipoprotein 2 cholesterol levels in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 855–861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shono N, Kumagai S, Higaki Y, Nishizumi N, Sasaki H. The relationships of testosterone, estradiol, dihydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and sex hormone-binding globulin to lipid and glucose metabolism in healthy men. J Atheroscler Thromb 1996; 3: 45–51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elbers J M, Giltay E J, Teerlink T, Scheffer P G, Asscheman H, Seidell J C, Gooren L J. Effects of sex steroids on components of the insulin resistance syndrome in transsexual subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003; 58: 562–57l
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller M, van den Beld A W, Bots M L, Grobbee D E, Lamberts S WJ, van der Schouw Y T. Endogenous sex hormones and progression of carotid atherosclerosis in elderly men. Circulation 2004; 109: 2074–2079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips G B, Jing T, Heymsfield S B. Relationships in men of sex hormones, insulin, adiposity, and risk factors for myocardial infarction. Metabolism 2003; 52: 784–790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Beld A W, Bots M L, Janssen J A, Pols H AP, Lamberts S WJ, Grobbee D E. Endogenous hormones and carotid atherosclerosis in elderly men. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 157: 25–31
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller M, Grobbee D E, den Tonkelaar J, Lambrerts S WJ, van der Schouw Y T. Endogenous sex hormones and metabolic syndrome in aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 2618–2623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyllenborg J, Rasmussen S L, Borch-Johnsen K, Heitmann B L, Skakkebaek N E, Juul A. Cardiovascular risk factors in men: the role of gonadal steroids and sex hormone-binding globulin. Metabolism 2001; 50: 882–888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makhsida N, Shah J, Yan G, Fisch H, Shabsigh R. Hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome: implications for testosterone therapy. J Urol 2005; 174: 827–834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkin C J, Pugh P J, Morris P D, Kerry K E, Jones R D, Jones T H, Channer K S. Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with angina improves ischaemic threshold and quality of life. Heart 2004; 90: 871–876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahima R S, Flier J S. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2000; 11: 327–332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahima R S, Flier J S. Leptin. Annu Rev Physiol 2000; 62: 413–437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu W H, Kimura M, Walczewska A. Role of leptin in hypothalamic-pituitary function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94: 1023–1028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caprio M, Fabbrini E, Isidori A M, Aversa A, Fabbri A. Leptin in reproduction. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2001; 12: 65–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogura K, Irahara M, Kiyokawa M. Effects of leptin on secretion of LH and FSH from primary cultured female rat pituitary cells. Eur J Endocrinol 2001; 144: 653–658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barash I A, Cheung C C, Weigle D S, Ren H, Kabigting E B, Kuijper J L, Clifton D K, Steiner R A. Leptin is a metabolic signal to the reproductive system. Endocrinology 1996; 137: 3144–3147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldelli R, Dieguez C, Casanueva F F. The role of leptin in reproduction: experimental and clinical aspects. Ann Med 2002; 34: 5–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke I J, Henry B A. Leptin and reproduction. Rev Reprod 1999; 4: 48–55
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Isidori A M, Caprio M, Strollo F, Moretti C, Frajese G, Isidori A, Fabbri A. Leptin and androgens in male obesity: evidence for leptin contribution to reduced androgen levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 3673–3680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mounzih K, Lu R, Chehab F F. Leptin treatment rescues the sterility of genetically obese ob/ob males. Endocrinology 1997; 138: 1190–1193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nogueiras R, Gualillo O, Caminos J E, Casanueva F F, Dieguez C. Regulation of resistin by gonadal, thyroid hormone, and nutritional status. Obes Res 2003; 11: 408–414
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nogueiras R, Barreiro M L, Caminos J E, Gaytán F, Suominen J S, Navarro V M, Casanueva F F, Aguilar E, Toppari J, Diéguez C, et al. Novel expression of resistin in rat testis: functional role and regulation by nutritional status and hormonal factors. J Cell Sci 2004; 117: 3247–3257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Ambrogi M, Volpe S, Tamanini C. Ghrelin: central and peripheral effects of a novel peptydil hormone. Med Sci Monit 2003; 9: RA217–RA224
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marin P. Effects of androgens in men with the metabolic syndrome. Aging Male 1998; 1: 129–136
   Google Scholar