Low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin during the proliferative phase may adversely affect endometrial receptivity in oocyte recipients

References

• Huhtaniemi I T, Catt K J. Differential binding affinities of rat testis luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors for human chorionic gonadotropin, human LH, and ovine LH. Endocrinology 1981; 108: 1931–1938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damewood M D, Shen W, Zacur H A, Schlaff W D, Rock J A, Wallach E E. Disappearance of exogenously administered human chorionic gonadotropin. Fertil Steril 1989; 52: 398–400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filicori M. The role of luteinizing hormone in folliculogenesis and ovulation induction. Fertil Steril 1999; 71: 405–414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoham Z, Borenstein R, Lunenfeld B, Pariente C. Hormonal profiles following clomiphene citrate therapy in conception and nonconception cycles. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1990; 33: 271–278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regan L, Owen E J, Jacobs H S. Hypersecretion of luteinising hormone, infertility, and miscarriage. Lancet 1990; 336: 1141–1144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavaniotou A, Albano C, Van Steirteghem A, Devroey P. The impact of LH serum concentration on the clinical outcome of IVF cycles in patients receiving two regimens of clomiphene citrate/gonadotrophin/0.25 mg cetrorelix. Reprod Biomed Online 2003; 6: 421–426
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chappel S C, Howles C. Reevaluation of the roles of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the ovulatory process. Hum Reprod 1991; 6: 1206–1212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overes H W, de Leeuw R, Kloosterboer H J. Regulation of aromatase activity in FSH-primed rat granulosa cells in vitro by follicle-stimulating hormone and various amounts of human chorionic gonadotrophin. Hum Reprod 1992; 7: 191–196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reshef E, Lei Z M, Rao C V, Pridham D D, Chegini N, Luborsky J L. The presence of gonadotropin receptors in nonpregnant human uterus, human placenta, fetal membranes, and decidua. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 70: 421–430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licht P, Russu V, Lehmeyer S, Wildt L. Molecular aspects of direct LH/hCG effects on human endometrium – lessons from intrauterine microdialysis in the human female in vivo. Reprod Biol 2001; 1: 10–19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garcia-Velasco J A, Coelingh Bennink H J, Epifanio R, Escudero E, Pellicer A, Simón C. High-dose recombinant LH add-back strategy using high-dose GnRH antagonist is an innovative protocol compared with standard GnRH antagonist. Reprod Biomed Online 2007; 15: 280–287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilani Z, Dakkak A, Ghunaim S, Cognigni G E, Tabarelli C, Parmegiani L, Filicori M. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing highly purified hMG with recombinant FSH in women undergoing ICSI: ovarian response and clinical outcomes. Hum Reprod 2003; 18: 1194–1199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesarik J, Hazout A, Mendoza C. Luteinizing hormone affects uterine receptivity independently of ovarian function. Reprod Biomed Online 2003; 7: 59–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prapas N, Prapas Y, Panagiotidis Y, Prapa S, Vanderzwalmen P, Schoysman R, Makedos G. GnRH agonist versus GnRH antagonist in oocyte donation cycles: a prospective randomized study. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 1516–1520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prapas N, Prapas Y, Panagiotidis Y, Prapa S, Vanderzwalmen P, Makedos G. Cervical dilatation has a positive impact on the outcome of IVF in randomly assigned cases having two previous difficult embryo transfers. Hum Reprod 2004; 19: 1791–1795
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prapas Y, Prapas N, Hatziparasidou A, Prapa S, Nijs M, Vanderzwalmen P, Vlassis G, Jones E E. The echoguide embryo transfer maximizes the IVF results. Acta Eur Fertil 1995; 26: 113–115
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stokman P G, de Leeuw R, van den Wijngaard H A, Kloosterboer H J, Vemer H M, Sanders A L. Human chorionic gonadotropin in commercial human menopausal gonadotropin preparations. Fertil Steril 1993; 60: 175–178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diczfalusy E, Harlin J. Clinical–pharmacological studies on human menopausal gonadotrophin. Hum Reprod 1988; 3: 21–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homburg R, Armar N A, Eshel A, Adams J, Jacobs H S. Influence of serum luteinising hormone concentrations on ovulation, conception, and early pregnancy loss in polycystic ovary syndrome. BMJ 1988; 297: 1024–1026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillier S G. Current concepts of the roles of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in folliculogenesis. Hum Reprod 1994; 9: 188–191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Amor A F. The effect of luteinizing hormone administered during the late follicular phase in normo-ovulatory women undergoing in-vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 2000; 15(Suppl 1)46
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lisi F, Rinaldi L, Fishel S, Lisi R, Pepe G P, Picconeri M G, Campbell A. Use of recombinant LH in a group of unselected IVF patients. Reprod Biomed Online 2002; 5: 104–108
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marrs R, Meldrum D, Muasher S, Schoolcraft W, Werlin L, Kelly E. Randomized trial to compare the effect of recombinant human FSH (follitropin α) with or without recombinant human LH in women undergoing assisted reproduction treatment. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 8: 175–182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferraretti A P, Gianaroli L, Magli M C, D'angelo A, Farfalli V, Montanaro N. Exogenous luteinizing hormone in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for assisted reproduction techniques. Fertil Steril 2004; 82: 1521–1526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanchin R, Peltier E, Frydman R, de Ziegler D. Human chorionic gonadotropin: does it affect human endometrial morphology in vivo. Semin Reprod Med 2001; 19: 31–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li T C, Serle E, Warren M A, Cooke I D. Is endometrial development in the peri-implantation period influenced by high concentrations of luteinizing hormone in the follicular phase. Human Reprod 1993; 8: 1021–1024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filicori M, Cognigni G E, Tabarelli C, Pocognoli P, Taraborrelli S, Spettoli D, Ciampaglia W. Stimulation and growth of antral ovarian follicles by selective LH activity administration in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 1156–1161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottobre J S, Stouffer R L. Receptors for chorionic gonadotropin in the corpus luteum of the rhesus monkey during simulated early pregnancy: lack of down-regulation. Endocrinology 1986; 119: 1594–1602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannaerts B M, Geurts T B, Odink J. A randomized three-way cross-over study in healthy pituitary-suppressed women to compare the bioavailability of human chorionic gonadotrophin (Pregnyl) after intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 1461–1464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noyes N, Liu H C, Sultan K, Schattman G, Rosenwaks Z. Endometrial thickness appears to be a significant factor in embryo implantation in in-vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 1995; 10: 919–922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rinaldi L, Lisi F, Floccari A, Lisi R, Pepe G, Fishel S. Endometrial thickness as a predictor of pregnancy after in-vitro fertilization but not after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod 1996; 11: 1538–1541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Geyter C, Schmitter M, De Geyter M, Nieschlag E, Holzgreve W, Schneider H P. Prospective evaluation of the ultrasound appearance of the endometrium in a cohort of 1,186 infertile women. Fertil Steril 2000; 73: 106–113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuval Y, Lipitz S, Dor J, Achiron R. The relationships between endometrial thickness, and blood flow and pregnancy rates in in-vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 1999; 14: 1067–1071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schild R L, Knobloch C, Dorn C, Fimmers R, van der Ven H, Hansmann M. Endometrial receptivity in an in vitro fertilization program as assessed by spiral artery blood flow, endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, and uterine artery blood flow. Fertil Steril 2001; 75: 361–366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei Z M, Reshef E, Rao V. The expression of human chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptors in human endometrial and myometrial blood vessels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992; 75: 651–659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licht P, von Wolff M, Berkholz A, Wildt L. Evidence for cycle-dependent expression of full-length human chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA in human endometrium and decidua. Fertil Steril 2003; 79(Suppl 1)718–723
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fazleabas A T, Donnelly K M, Srinivasan S, Fortman J D, Miller J B. Modulation of the baboon (Papio anubis) uterine endometrium by chorionic gonadotrophin during the period of uterine receptivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96: 2543–2548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srisuparp S, Strakova Z, Brudney A, Mukherjee S, Reierstad S, Hunzicker-Dunn M, Fazleabas A T. Signal transduction pathways activated by chorionic gonadotropin in the primate endometrial epithelial cells. Biol Reprod 2003; 68: 457–464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licht P, Fluhr H, Neuwinger J, Wallwiener D, Wildt L. Is human chorionic gonadotropin directly involved in the regulation of human implantation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 269: 85–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber A, Hudelist G, Knöfler M, Saleh L, Huber J C, Singer C F. Effect of highly purified human chorionic gonadotropin preparations on the gene expression signature of stromal cells derived from endometriotic lesions: potential mechanisms for the therapeutic effect of human chorionic gonadotropin in vivo. Fertil Steril 2007; 88(4 Suppl)1232–1239
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herrler A, von Rango U, Beier H M. Embryo–maternal signalling: how the embryo starts talking to its mother to accomplish implantation. Reprod Biomed Online 2003; 6: 244–256
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berndt S, Perrier d'Hauterive S, Blacher S, Péqueux C, Lorquet S, Munaut C, Applanat M, Hervé M A, Lamandé N, Corvol P, et al. Angiogenic activity of human chorionic gonadotropin through LH receptor activation on endothelial and epithelial cells of the endometrium. FASEB J 2006; 20: 2630–2632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han S W, Lei Z M, Rao C V. Treatment of human endometrial stromal cells with chorionic gonadotropin promotes their morphological and functional differentiation into decidua. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1999; 147: 7–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang B, Gurpide E. Direct effect of gonadotropins on decidualization of human endometrial stroma cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1993; 47: 115–121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filicori M, Cognigni G E, Gamberini E, Parmegiani L, Troilo E, Roset B. Efficacy of low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin alone to complete controlled ovarian stimulation. Fertil Steril 2005; 84: 394–401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serafini P, Yadid I, Motta E L, Alegretti J R, Fioravanti J, Coslovsky M. Ovarian stimulation with daily late follicular phase administration of low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin for in vitro fertilization: a prospective, randomized trial. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 830–838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkkanoglu M, Isikoglu M, Aydin D, Ozgur K. Clinical effects of ovulation induction with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone supplemented with recombinant luteinizing hormone or low-dose recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin in the midfollicular phase in microdose cycles in poor responders. Fertil Steril 2007; 88: 665–669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huirne J A, van Loenen A C, Schats R, McDonnell J, Hompes P G, Schoemaker J, Homburg R, Lambalk C B. Dose-finding study of daily GnRH antagonist for the prevention of premature LH surges in IVF/ICSI patients: optimal changes in LH and progesterone for clinical pregnancy. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 359–367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar