References
- Arnold DM. Bleeding complications in immune thrombocytopenia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2015;2015(1):237–242. doi:https://doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.237
- Neunert C, Noroozi N, Norman G, Buchanan GR, Goy J, Nazi I, Kelton JG, Arnold DM. Severe bleeding events in adults and children with primary immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review. J Thromb Haemost 2015;13(3):457–464. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.12813
- Tsuda H, Tsuji T, Tsuji M, Yamasaki H. Life-threatening bleeding episodes in primary immune thrombocytopenia: a single-center retrospective study of 169 inpatients. Ann Hematol 2017;96(11):1915–1920. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-017-3095-6
- Melboucy-Belkhir S, Khellaf M, Augier A, Boubaya M, Levy V, Le Guenno G, Terriou L, Lioger B, Ebbo M, Morin A-S, et al. Risk factors associated with intracranial hemorrhage in adults with immune thrombocytopenia: A study of 27 cases. Am J Hematol 2016;91(12):E499–e501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.24529
- Cohen YC, Djulbegovic B, Shamai-Lubovitz O, Mozes B. The bleeding risk and natural history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in patients with persistent low platelet counts. Arch Intern Med 2000;160(11):1630–1638. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.160.11.1630
- An R, Wang PP. Length of stay, hospitalization cost, and in-hospital mortality in US adult inpatients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 2006-2012. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2017;13:15–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S123631
- Cortelazzo S, Finazzi G, Buelli M, Molteni A, Viero P, Barbui T. High risk of severe bleeding in aged patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 1991;77(1):31–33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V77.1.31.31
- Piel‐Julian ML, Mahévas M, Germain J, Languille L, Comont T, Lapeyre‐Mestre M, Payrastre B, Beyne-Rauzy O, Michel M, Godeau B, et al. Risk factors for bleeding, including platelet count threshold, in newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia adults. J Thromb Haemost 2018;16(9):9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14227
- Rosthøj S, Rajantie J, Treutiger I, Zeller B, Tedgård U, Henter JI, NOPHO ITP Working Group. Duration and morbidity of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children: five-year follow-up of a Nordic cohort. Acta Pã¦diatrica 2012;101(7):761–766. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02671.x
- Moulis G, Palmaro A, Montastruc JL, Godeau B, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Sailler L. Epidemiology of incident immune thrombocytopenia: a nationwide population-based study in France. Blood 2014;124(22):3308–3315. doi:https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-05-578336
- Provan D, Arnold DM, Bussel JB, Chong BH, Cooper N, Gernsheimer T, Ghanima W, Godeau B, González-López TJ, Grainger J. Updated international consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv 2019;3(22):3780–3817.
- Mahevas M, Michel M, Godeau B. How we manage immune thrombocytopenia in the elderly. Br J Haematol 2016;173(6):844–856. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.14067
- Neunert CE. Individualized Treatment for Immune Thrombocytopenia: predicting Bleeding Risk. Semin Hematol 2013;50(50 Suppl 1):S55–S7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.03.009
- Psaila B, Petrovic A, Page LK, Menell J, Schonholz M, Bussel JB. Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): study of 40 cases. Blood 2009;114(23):4777–4783. doi:https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-04-215525
- Chao TF, Lip GYH, Lin YJ, Chang SL, Lo LW, Hu YF, Tuan T-C, Liao J-N, Chung F-P, Chen T-J, et al. Major bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage risk prediction in patients with atrial fibrillation: attention to modifiable bleeding risk factors or use of a bleeding risk stratification score? A nationwide cohort study. Int J Cardiol 2018;254:157–161. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.11.025
- Kim H, Lee JH, Choi SJ, Lee JH, Seol M, Lee YS, Kim W-K, Lee J-S, Lee K-H. Risk score model for fatal intracranial hemorrhage in acute leukemia. Leukemia 2006;20(5):770–776. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2404148
- Lokeskrawee T, Muengtaweepongsa S, Patumanond J, Tiamkao S, Thamangraksat T, Phankhian P, Pleumpanupat P, Sribussara P, Kitjavijit T, Supap A, et al. Prediction of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: the symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage score. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017;26(11):2622–2629. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.06.030
- Neunert C, Lim W, Crowther M, Cohen A, Solberg L Jr., Crowther MA. The American society of hematology 2011 evidence-based practice guideline for immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 2011;117(16):4190–4207. doi:https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-08-302984
- Rodeghiero F, Stasi R, Gernsheimer T, Michel M, Provan D, Arnold DM, Bussel JB, Cines DB, Chong BH, Cooper N, et al. Standardization of terminology, definitions and outcome criteria in immune thrombocytopenic purpura of adults and children: report from an international working group. Blood 2009;113(11):2386–2393. doi:https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-07-162503
- Provan D, Stasi R, Newland AC, Blanchette VS, Bolton-Maggs P, Bussel JB, Chong BH, Cines DB, Gernsheimer TB, Godeau B, et al. International consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 2010;115(2):168–186. doi:https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-06-225565
- Caceres JA, Goldstein JN. Intracranial hemorrhage. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2012;30(3):771–794. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2012.06.003
- Freeman WD, Aguilar MI. Intracranial hemorrhage: diagnosis and management. Neurol Clin 2012;30(1):211–240. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2011.09.002
- Broderick J, Connolly S, Feldmann E, Hanley D, Kase C, Krieger D, Mayberg M, Morgenstern L, Ogilvy CS, Vespa P, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults: 2007 update: a guideline from the american heart association/American stroke association stroke council, high blood pressure research council, and the quality of care and outcomes in research interdisciplinary working group. Stroke 2007;38(6):2001–2023. doi:https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.183689
- Bizzoni L, Mazzucconi MG, Gentile M, Santoro C, Bernasconi S, Chiarotti F, Foa R, Mandelli F. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in the elderly: clinical course in 178 patients. Eur J Haematol 2006;76(3):210–216. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00602.x
- Chen CY, Tai CH, Cheng A, Wu HC, Tsay W, Liu JH, Chen P-Y, Huang S-Y, Yao M, Tang J-L, et al. Intracranial hemorrhage in adult patients with hematological malignancies. BMC Med 2012;10:97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-10-97
- Chen CY, Tai CH, Tsay W, Chen PY, Tien HF. Prediction of fatal intracranial hemorrhage in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Oncol 2009;20(6):1100–1104. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdn755
- Qu M, Liu Q, Zhao HG, Peng J, Ni H, Hou M, Jansen A. Low platelet count as risk factor for infections in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia: a retrospective evaluation. Ann Hematol 2018;97(9):1701-1706.
- Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, de Vos CB, Crijns HJ, Lip GY. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest 2010;138(5):1093–1100. doi:https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.10-0134
- Dayyani F, Mougalian SS, Naqvi K, Shan J, Ravandi F, Cortes J, Weinberg J, Jabbour E, Faderl S, Wierda W, et al. Prediction model for mortality after intracranial hemorrhage in patients with leukemia. Am J Hematol 2011;86(7):546–549. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.22031
- Neunert CE, Buchanan GR, Paul I, Bolton-Maggs PHB, Bennett CM, Neufeld EJ, Vesely SK, Adix L, Blanchette VS, Kühne T, et al. Severe hemorrhage in children with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 2008;112(10):4003. doi:https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-03-138487
- Zhang XH, Wang QM, Chen H, Chen YH, Han W, Wang FR, Wang J-Z, Zhang -Y-Y, Mo X-D, Chen Y, et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of Intracranial hemorrhage in patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2016;95(10):1637–1643. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-016-2767-y
- Bussel JB, Provan D, Shamsi T, Cheng G, Psaila B, Kovaleva L, Salama A, Jenkins JM, Roychowdhury D, Mayer B, et al. Effect of eltrombopag on platelet counts and bleeding during treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2009;373(9664):641–648. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60402-5
- Kuter DJ, Rummel M, Boccia R, Macik BG, Pabinger I, Selleslag D, Rodeghiero F, Chong BH, Wang X, Berger DP, et al. Romiplostim or standard of care in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 2010;363(20):1889–1899. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1002625
- Rodeghiero F, Michel M, Gernsheimer T, Ruggeri M, Blanchette V, Bussel JB, Cines DB, Cooper N, Godeau B, Greinacher A, et al. Standardization of bleeding assessment in immune thrombocytopenia: report from the International Working Group. Blood 2013;121(14):2596–2606. doi:https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-07-442392
- Vesely S, Buchanan GR, Cohen A, Raskob G, George J. Self-reported diagnostic and management strategies in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: results of a survey of practicing pediatric hematology/oncology specialists. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2000;22(1):55–61. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/00043426-200001000-00011
- Lopes RD, Guimaraes PO, Kolls BJ, Wojdyla DM, Bushnell CD, Hanna M, Easton JD, Thomas L, Wallentin L, Al-Khatib SM, et al. Intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving anticoagulation therapy. Blood 2017;129(22):2980–2987. doi:https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-08-731638
- Schifferli A, Holbro A, Chitlur M, Coslovsky M, Imbach P, Donato H, Elalfy M, Graciela E, Grainger J, Holzhauer S, et al. A comparative prospective observational study of children and adults with immune thrombocytopenia: 2-year follow-up. Am J Hematol 2018;93(6):751–759. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.25086
- Adelborg K, Kristensen NR, Norgaard M, Bahmanyar S, Ghanima W, Kilpatrick K, Frederiksen H, Ekstrand C, Sørensen HT, Fynbo Christiansen C, et al. Cardiovascular and bleeding outcomes in a population-based cohort of patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2019;17(6):912–924. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14446
- Doobaree IU, Nandigam R, Bennett D, Newland A, Provan D. Thromboembolism in adults with primary immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Eur J Haematol 2016;97(4):321–330. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/ejh.12777
- Nørgaard M, Jensen A, Engebjerg MC, Farkas DK, Thomsen RW, Cha S, Zhao S, Sørensen HT. Long-term clinical outcomes of patients with primary chronic immune thrombocytopenia: a Danish population-based cohort study. Blood 2011;117(13):3514–3520. doi:https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-10-312819
- Moulis G, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Palmaro A, Sailler L. Infections in non-splenectomized persistent or chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia adults: risk factors and vaccination effect. J Thromb Haemost 2017;15(4):785–791. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.13622
- Moulis G, Palmaro A, Sailler L, Lapeyre-Mestre M. Corticosteroid risk function of severe infection in primary immune thrombocytopenia adults. a nationwide nested case-control study. PLoS One 2015;10(11):e0142217. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142217
- Tantawy AA, Matter RM, Hamed AA, Shams El Din El Telbany MA. Platelet microparticles in immune thrombocytopenic purpura in pediatrics. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2010;27(4):283–296. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/08880011003663390
- Frelinger AL, Grace RF, Gerrits AJ, Berny-Lang MA, Travis B, Carmichael SL, Neufeld EJ, Michelson AD. Platelet function tests, independent of platelet count, are associated with bleeding severity in ITP. Blood 2015;126(7):873–879. doi:https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-02-628461
- Frelinger AL 3rd, Grace RF, Gerrits AJ, Carmichael SL, Forde EE, Michelson AD. Platelet function in ITP, independent of platelet count, is consistent over time and is associated with both current and subsequent bleeding severity. Thromb Haemost 2018;118(1):143–151. doi:https://doi.org/10.1160/TH17-06-0387
- Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Nordon C, Michel M, Viallard JF, Adoue D, Magy-Bertrand N, Durand J-M, Quittet P, Fain O, Bonnotte B, et al. Immune thrombocytopenia in adults: a prospective cohort study of clinical features and predictors of outcome. Haematologica 2016;101(9):1039–1045. doi:https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2016.146373
- Moulis G, Germain J, Comont T, Brun N, Dingremont C, Castel B, Arista S, Sailler L, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Beyne-Rauzy O, et al. Newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia adults: clinical epidemiology, exposure to treatments, and evolution. Results of the CARMEN multicenter prospective cohort. Am J Hematol 2017;92(6):493–500. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.24702
- Flores A, Buchanan GR. Occult hemorrhage in children with severe ITP. Am J Hematol 2016;91(3):287–290. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.24264