Publication Cover
Production Planning & Control
The Management of Operations
Volume 35, 2024 - Issue 6
443
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

The impact of economic and political imperatives on the successful use of public-private partnership (PPP) in projects

, ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 559-579 | Received 15 Jan 2022, Accepted 02 Aug 2022, Published online: 15 Aug 2022

References

  • Abid, M, and M. Alotaibi. 2020. “Crude Oil Price and Private Sector of Saudi Arabia: Do Globalization and Financial Development Matter? New Evidence from Combined Cointegration Test.” Resources Policy 69: 101774. doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101774.
  • Adama, O. 2018. “Urban Imaginaries: Funding Mega Infrastructure Projects in Lagos, Nigeria.” GeoJournal 83 (2): 257–274. doi:10.1007/s10708-016-9761-8.
  • Adeleke, A., A. Bahaudin, A. Kamaruddeen, J. Bamgbade, M. Salimon, M. Khan, and S. Sorooshian. 2018a. “The Influence of Organizational External Factors on Construction Risk Management Among Nigerian Construction Companies.” Safety and Health at Work 9 (1): 115–124. doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2017.05.004.
  • Adeleke, A., A. Bahaudin, and A. Kamaruddeen. 2018b. “Organizational Internal Factors and Construction Risk Management Among Nigerian Construction Companies.” Global Business Review 19 (4): 921–938. doi:10.1177/0972150916677460.
  • Aguinis, H., R. Gottfredson, and H. Joo. 2013. “Best-Practice Recommendations for Defining, Identifying, and Handling Outliers.” Organizational Research Methods 16 (2): 270–301. doi:10.1177/1094428112470848.
  • Ahmadabadi, A, and G. Heravi. 2019a. “Risk Assessment Framework of PPP-Megaprojects Focusing on Risk Interaction and Project Success.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 124: 169–188.
  • Ahmadabadi, A, and G. Heravi. 2019b. “The Effect of Critical Success Factors on Project Success in Public-Private Partnership Projects: A Case Study of Highway Projects in Iran.” Transport Policy 73: 152–161. doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.07.004.
  • Akinyemi, B., U. Ojiako, S. Maguire, G. Steel, and A. Anyaegbunam. 2009. “Nigerian Banks and the Perception of Risk in PPP Project Delivery.” Journal of Finance and Management in Public Services 8 (2): 1–20.
  • Al-Hanawi, M, and A. Qattan. 2019. “An Analysis of Public-Private Partnerships and Sustainable Health Care Provision in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.” Health Services Insights 12: 117863291985900–117863291985910. doi:10.1177/1178632919859008.
  • Al-Hanawi, M., O. Alsharqi, S. Almazrou, and K. Vaidya. 2018. “Healthcare Finance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study of Householders’ Attitudes.” Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 16 (1): 55–64. doi:10.1007/s40258-017-0353-7.
  • Al-Hanawi, M., S. Almubark, A. Qattan, A. Cenkier, and E. Kosycarz. 2020. “Barriers to the Implementation of Public-Private Partnerships in the Healthcare Sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.” PLoS ONE 15 (6): e0233802. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233802.
  • Al-Hanshi, M., U. Ojiako, and T. Williams. 2022. “Managing Strategic Resources in Petroleum Industry Projects.” Production Planning & Control 33 (11): 1043–1060. In Press. doi:10.1080/09537287.2020.1843081.
  • Aladağ, H, and Z. Işik. 2020. “The Effect of Stakeholder-Associated Risks in Mega-Engineering Projects: A Case Study of a PPP Airport Project.” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 67 (1): 174–186.
  • Alias, Z., E. Zawawi, K. Yusof, and N. Aris. 2014. “Determining Critical Success Factors of Project Management Practice: A Conceptual Framework.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 153: 61–69. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.041.
  • Almalki, A, and M. Al-Hanawi. 2018. “Public Private Partnerships and Collaboration in the Health Sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study.” Global Journal of Health Science 10 (6): 10–20. doi:10.5539/gjhs.v10n6p10.
  • Al-Mazrouie, J., U. Ojiako, T. Williams, M. Chipulu, and A. Marshall. 2021. “An Operations Readiness Typology for Mitigating against Transitional ‘Disastrous Openings’ of Airport Infrastructure Projects.” Production Planning & Control 32 (4): 283–302. doi:10.1080/09537287.2020.1730997.
  • Almeile, A., M. Chipulu, and R. Vahidi. 2020. “Impact of the Political and Economic Critical Success Factors on Other Critical Success Factors in the PPP Projects Life Cycle.” VIRTUS GCCG 20: Corporate Governance: Examining Key Challenges and Perspectives, International Online Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, 7–9 May 2020, 155–160.
  • Al-Muawi, A., H. Taibah, and A. Jifri. 2021. “The Effect of Public-Private Partnership on Service Quality–a Field Study on School Transportation in Al-Makhwah Governorate Saudi Arabia.” Journal of Economic, Administrative and Legal Sciences 5 (5): 68–88.
  • Alon, I, and T. Herbert. 2009. “A Stranger in a Strange Land: Micro Political Risk and the Multinational Firm.” Business Horizons 52 (2): 127–137. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2008.09.004.
  • Alotaibi, S. 2016. “The International Contractor’s Decision to Invest: A Strategic Risk Management Decision Model for Public Private Partnership Projects in Saudi Arabia.” Unpublished PhD thesis, Heriot-Watt University.
  • AlRaeesi, E, and U. Ojiako. 2021. “An Examination of the Legal Perspective of Public Policy Implementation on Construction Projects Arbitration.” Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction 13 (3): 03721002. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)LA.1943-4170.0000474.
  • Alteneiji, K., S. Alkass, and S. Abu Dabous. 2019. “Critical Success Factors for Public–Private Partnerships in Affordable Housing in the United Arab Emirates.” International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 13 (5): 753–768. doi:10.1108/IJHMA-06-2019-0061.
  • Al-Tmeemy, S., H. Abdul-Rahman, and Z. Harun. 2011. “Future Criteria for Success of Building Projects in Malaysia.” International Journal of Project Management 29 (3): 337–348. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2010.03.003.
  • Ameyaw, E., A. Chan, and D. Owusu-Manu. 2017. “A Survey of Critical Success Factors for Attracting Private Sector Participation in Water Supply Projects in Developing Countries.” Journal of Facilities Management 15 (1): 35–61. doi:10.1108/JFM-06-2016-0027.
  • Barbuscia, D. 2019. “Saudi GDP could surprise on the upside, higher budget deficit seen in 2019: IMF.” Accessed 18 June 2022. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-economy-imf/saudi-gdp-could-surprise-on-the-upside-higher-budget-deficit-seen-in-2019-imf-idUSKCN1S509O
  • Bagozzi, R, and Y. Yi. 1988. “On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models.” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 16 (1): 74–94. doi:10.1007/BF02723327.
  • Bamgbade, J., A. Kamaruddeen, M. Nawi, R. Yusoff, and R. Bin. 2018. “Does Government Support Matter? Influence of Organizational Culture on Sustainable Construction Among Malaysian Contractors.” International Journal of Construction Management 18 (2): 93–107. doi:10.1080/15623599.2016.1277057.
  • Barlow, J, and M. Köberle-Gaiser. 2009. “Delivering Innovation in Hospital Construction: Contracts and Collaboration in the Uk’s Private Finance Initiative Hospitals Program.” California Management Review 51 (2): 126–143. doi:10.2307/41166483.
  • Baron, R, and D. Kenny. 1986. “The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 (6): 1173–1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.
  • Bashir, H., U. Ojiako, A. Marshall, M. Chipulu, and A. Yousif. 2022. “The Analysis of Information Flow Interdependencies Within Projects.” Production Planning & Control 33 (1): 20–36. doi:10.1080/09537287.2020.1821115.
  • Bentler, P, and C. Chou. 1987. “Practical Issues in Structural Modelling.” Sociological Methods & Research 16 (1): 78–117. doi:10.1177/0049124187016001004.
  • Biygautane, M. 2017. “Infrastructure Public–Private Partnerships in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar: Meanings, Rationales, Projects, and the Path Forward.” Public Works Management & Policy 22 (2): 85–118. doi:10.1177/1087724X16671719.
  • Biygautane, M., G. Hodge, and P. Gerber. 2018. “The Prospect of Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar: Transforming Challenges into Opportunities.” Thunderbird International Business Review 60 (3): 329–346. doi:10.1002/tie.21853.
  • Biygautane, M., C. Neesham, and K. Al-Yahya. 2019. “Institutional Entrepreneurship and Infrastructure Public-Private Partnership (PPP): Unpacking the Role of Social Actors in Implementing PPP Projects.” International Journal of Project Management 37 (1): 192–219. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2018.12.005.
  • Boudet, H., D. Jayasundera, and J. Davis. 2011. “Drivers of Conflict in Developing Country Infrastructure Projects: Experience from the Water and Pipeline Sectors.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 137 (7): 498–511. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000333.
  • Bovaird, T. 2004. “Public–Private Partnerships: From Contested Concepts to Prevalent Practice.” International Review of Administrative Sciences 70 (2): 199–215. doi:10.1177/0020852304044250.
  • Boyer, E, and D. Van Slyke. 2019. “Citizen Attitudes towards Public–Private Partnerships.” The American Review of Public Administration 49 (3): 259–274. doi:10.1177/0275074018769072.
  • Boynton, A, and R. Zmud. 1984. “Assessment of Critical Success Actors.” Sloan Management Review 25 (4): 17–27.
  • Bresnen, M., A. Goussevskaia, and J. Swan. 2004. “Embedding New Management Knowledge in Project-Based Organizations.” Organization Studies 25 (9): 1535–1555. doi:10.1177/0170840604047999.
  • Brewis, J. 2014. “The Ethics of Researching Friends: On Convenience Sampling in Qualitative Management and Organization Studies.” British Journal of Management 25 (4): 849–862. doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12064.
  • Broadbent, J, and R. Laughlin. 2003. “Public Private Partnerships: An Introduction.” Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 16 (3): 332–341. doi:10.1108/09513570310482282.
  • Budayan, C. 2019. “Evaluation of Delay Causes for BOT Projects Based on Perceptions of Different Stakeholders in Turkey.” ASCE Journal of Management in Engineering 35 (1): 4018057.
  • Butkiewicz, J, and H. Yanikkaya. 2005. “The Impact of Sociopolitical Instability on Economic Growth: Analysis and Implications.” Journal of Policy Modeling 27 (5): 629–645. doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2005.04.001.
  • Byrne, B. 2016. Structural Equation Modeling With Amos: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Carbonara, N., N. Costantino, and R. Pellegrino. 2014. “Concession Period for PPPs: A Win–Win Model for a Fair Risk Sharing.” International Journal of Project Management 32 (7): 1223–1232. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2014.01.007.
  • Carpintero, S, and M. Siemiatycki. 2016. “The Politics of Delivering Light Rail Transit Projects Through Public-Private Partnerships in Spain: A Case Study Approach.” Transport Policy 49: 159–167. doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.05.001.
  • Carrillo, P., H. Robinson, P. Foale, C. Anumba, and D. Bouchlaghem. 2008. “Participation, Barriers, and Opportunities in PFI: The United Kingdom Experience.” Journal of Management in Engineering 24 (3): 138–145. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2008)24:3(138).
  • Casady, C., K. Eriksson, R. Levitt, and W. Scott. 2018. “Examining the State of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Institutionalization in the United States.” Engineering Project Organization Journal 8 (1): 177–198. doi:10.25219/epoj.2018.00109.
  • Casady, C., K. Eriksson, R. Levitt, and W. Scott. 2020. “(Re) Defining Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the New Public Governance (NPG) Paradigm: An Institutional Maturity Perspective.” Public Management Review 22 (2): 161–183. doi:10.1080/14719037.2019.1577909.
  • Chan, A, and A. Chan. 2004. “Key Performance Indicators for Measuring Construction Success.” Benchmarking: An International Journal 11 (2): 203–221. doi:10.1108/14635770410532624.
  • Chan, A., P. Lam, D. Chan, E. Cheung, and Y. Ke. 2010. “Critical Success Factors for PPPs in Infrastructure Developments: Chinese Perspective.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 136 (5): 484–494. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000152.
  • Chan, A., D. Scott, and E. Lam. 2002. “Framework of Success Criteria for Design/Build Projects.” Journal of Management in Engineering 18 (3): 120–128. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2002)18:3(120).
  • Chang, T., X. Deng, and B. Hwang. 2019. “Investigating Political Risk Paths in International High-Speed Railway Projects: The Case of Chinese International Contractors.” Sustainability 11 (15): 4157. doi:10.3390/su11154157.
  • Cheung, E., A. Chan, P. Lam, D. Chan, and Y. Ke. 2012. “A Comparative Study of Critical Success Factors for Public Private Partnerships (PPP) Between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.” Facilities 30 (13/14): 647–666. doi:10.1108/02632771211273132.
  • Chih, Y, and O. Zwikael. 2015. “Project Benefit Management: A Conceptual Framework of Target Benefit Formulation.” International Journal of Project Management 33 (2): 352–362. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2014.06.002.
  • Chileshe, N., C. W. Njau, B. Kibichii, L. Macharia, and N. Kavishe. 2022. “Critical Success Factors for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Infrastructure and Housing Projects in Kenya.” International Journal of Construction Management 22 (9): 1606–1617. doi:10.1080/15623599.2020.1736835.
  • Chin, W. 1998. “The Partial Least Squares Approach for Structural Equation Modelling.” Modern Methods for Business Research 295 (2): 295–336.
  • Chin, W., B. Marcolin, and P. Newsted. 2003. “A Partial Least Squares Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Measuring Interaction Effects: Results from a Monte Carlo Simulation Study and an Electronic-Mail Emotion/Adoption Study.” Information Systems Research 14 (2): 189–217. doi:10.1287/isre.14.2.189.16018.
  • Chipulu, M., U. Ojiako, P. Gardiner, T. Williams, C. Mota, S. Maguire, Y. Shou, T. Stamati, and A. Marshall. 2014. “Exploring the Impact of Cultural Values on Project Performance.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 34 (3): 364–389. doi:10.1108/IJOPM-04-2012-0156.
  • Chipulu, M., U. Ojiako, and A. Marshall. 2016a. “Consumer Action in Response to Ethical Violations by Service Operations Firms: The Impact of Heterogeneity.” Society and Business Review 11 (1): 24–45. doi:10.1108/SBR-09-2015-0052.
  • Chipulu, M., A. Marshall, U. Ojiako, and C. Mota. 2018. “Reasoned Ethical Engagement: Ethical Values of Consumers as Primary Antecedents of Instrumental Actions towards Multinationals.” Journal of Business Ethics 147 (1): 221–238. doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2994-5.
  • Chipulu, M., U. Ojiako, A. Marshall, T. Williams, U. Bititci, C. Mota, Y. Shou, et al. 2019. “A Dimensional Analysis of Stakeholder Assessment of Project Outcomes.” Production Planning & Control 30 (13): 1072–1090. doi:10.1080/09537287.2019.1567859.
  • Chou, J, and D. Pramudawardhani. 2015. “Cross-Country Comparisons of Key Drivers, Critical Success Factors and Risk Allocation for Public-Private Partnership Projects.” International Journal of Project Management 33 (5): 1136–1150. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2014.12.003.
  • Cook, R. 1977. “Detection of Influential Observation in Linear Regression.” Technometrics 19 (1): 15–18.
  • Cui, C., Y. Liu, A. Hope, and J. Wang. 2018. “Review of Studies on the Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) for Infrastructure Projects.” International Journal of Project Management 36 (5): 773–794. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2018.03.004.
  • Custos, D, and J. Reitz. 2010. “Public-Private Partnerships.” American Journal of Comparative Law 58 (1): 555–584. doi:10.5131/ajcl.2009.0037.
  • Devlin, J, and N. Yap. 2008. “Contentious Politics in Environmental Assessment: Blocked Projects and Winning Coalitions.” Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 26 (1): 17–27. doi:10.3152/146155108X279939.
  • Dewulf, G, and M. Garvin. 2020. “Responsive Governance in PPP Projects to Manage Uncertainty.” Construction Management and Economics 38 (4): 383–397. doi:10.1080/01446193.2019.1618478.
  • Dharmapuri Tirumala, R., N. Dangol, P. Tiwari, and P. Vaz-Serra. 2021. “Comparative Analysis of Outcomes Under PPP and Traditional Modes of Delivery: A Study of Schools in Melbourne.” Construction Management and Economics 39 (11): 894–911. doi:10.1080/01446193.2021.1994147.
  • Dixon, T., G. Pottinger, and A. Jordan. 2005. “Lessons from the Private Finance Initiative in the UK: Benefits, Problems and Critical Success Factors.” Journal of Property Investment & Finance 23 (5): 412–423. doi:10.1108/14635780510616016.
  • Douglas, S, and C. Craig. 2007. “Collaborative and Iterative Translation: An Alternative Approach to Back Translation.” Journal of International Marketing 15 (1): 30–43. doi:10.1509/jimk.15.1.030.
  • Dulaimi, M., M. Alhashemi, F. Ling, and M. Kumaraswamy. 2010. “The Execution of Public-Private Partnership Projects in the UAE.” Construction Management and Economics 28 (4): 393–402. doi:10.1080/01446191003702492.
  • Dwivedi, Y., D. Wastell, S. Laumer, H. Henriksen, M. Myers, D. Bunker, A. Elbanna, M. Ravishankar, and S. Srivastava. 2015. “Research on Information Systems Failures and Successes: Status Update and Future Directions.” Information Systems Frontiers 17 (1): 143–157. doi:10.1007/s10796-014-9500-y.
  • Ershadi, M., N. Najafi, and P. Soleimani. 2019. “Measuring the Impact of Soft and Hard Total Quality Management Factors on Customer Behavior Based on the Role of Innovation and Continuous Improvement.” The TQM Journal 31 (6): 1093–1115. doi:10.1108/TQM-11-2018-0182.
  • European Investment Bank. 2016. The Guide to Guidance: How to Prepare, Procure and Deliver PPP Projects. Luxembourg: European Investment Bank. https://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/library/epec-guide-guidance-how-prepare-procure-and-deliver-ppp-projects
  • Faudot, A. 2019. “Saudi Arabia and the Rentier Regime Trap: A Critical Assessment of the Plan Vision 2030.” Resources Policy 62: 94–101. doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.03.009.
  • Fellows, R, and A. Liu. 2015. Research Methods for Construction. 4th ed. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.
  • Field, A. 2013. Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. 5th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Filippini, R. 1997. “Operations Management Research: Some Reflections on Evolution, Models and Empirical Studies in OM.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 17 (7): 655–670. doi:10.1108/01443579710175583.
  • Fisher, M. 2007. “Strengthening the Empirical Base of Operations Management.” Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 9 (4): 368–382. doi:10.1287/msom.1070.0168.
  • Flinders, M. 2005. “The Politics of Public–Private Partnerships.” The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 7 (2): 215–239. doi:10.1111/j.1467-856X.2004.00161.x.
  • Flynn, B., S. Sakakibara, R. Schroeder, K. Bates, and E. Flynn. 1990. “Empirical Research Methods in Operations Management.” Journal of Operations Management 9 (2): 250–284. doi:10.1016/0272-6963(90)90098-X.
  • Fornell, C, and D. Larcker. 1981. “Evaluating Structural Equation Models With Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error.” Journal of Marketing Research 18 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1177/002224378101800104.
  • Garvin, M. 2010. “Enabling Development of the Transportation Public-Private Partnership Market in the United States.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 136 (4): 402–411. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000122.
  • Gorsuch, R. 1990. “Common Factor Analysis Versusc Component Analysis: Some Well and Little Known Facts.” Multivariate Behavioral Research 25 (1): 33–39. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2501_3.
  • Greve, C., L. Christensen, C. Tvarnø, S. Nielsen, and S. Denta. 2022. “Public-Private Partnerships in the Healthcare Sector: Limited Policy Guidelines, but Active Project Development in Denmark.” Journal of Economic Policy Reform 25 (2): 121–135. doi:10.1080/17487870.2020.1855174.
  • Gupta, S., R. Verma, and L. Victorino. 2009. “Empirical Research Published in Production and Operations Management (1992–2005): Trends and Future Research Directions.” Production and Operations Management 15 (3): 432–448. doi:10.1111/j.1937-5956.2006.tb00256.x.
  • Hair, J., W. Black, B. Babin, and R. Anderson. 2010. Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Hair, J., C. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt. 2011. “PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet.” Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 19 (2): 139–152. doi:10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202.
  • Hardcastle, C., P. Edwards, A. Akintoye, and B. Li. 2005. “Critical Success Factors for PPP/PFI Projects in the UK Construction Industry: A Factor Analysis Approach.” Construction Management and Economics 23 (5): 459–471. doi:10.1080/01446190500041537.
  • Hathroubi, S, and C. Aloui. 2022. “Oil Price Dynamics and Fiscal Policy Cyclicality in Saudi Arabia: New Evidence from Partial and Multiple Wavelet Coherences.” The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 85: 149–160. doi:10.1016/j.qref.2020.12.002.
  • Hellowell, M. 2013. “PFI Redux? Assessing a New Model for Financing Hospitals.” Health Policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 113 (1–2): 77–85. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.09.008.
  • Henseler, J, and G. Fassott. 2010. “Testing Moderating Effects in PLS Path Models: An Illustration of Available Procedures.” In Handbook of Partial Least Squares, 713–735. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
  • Hinton, P., I. McMurray, and C. Brownlow. 2014. SPSS Explained. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Hodge, G, and C. Greve. 2010. “Public‐Private Partnerships: Governance Scheme or Language Game?” Australian Journal of Public Administration 69: S8–S22. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8500.2009.00659.x.
  • Hooper, D., J. Coughlan, and M. Mullen. 2008. “Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit.” Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods 6 (1): 53–60.
  • House of Commons. 2018. Committee of Public Accounts. Private Finance Initiatives: Forty-Sixth Report of Session 2017–19, Report, Together With Formal Minutes Relating to the Report. London, UK: Office for Budget Responsibility. Accessed 15 January 2022. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmpubacc/894/894.pdf
  • Hsueh, C, and L. Chang. 2017. “Critical Success Factors for PPP Infrastructure: Perspective from Taiwan.” Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 40 (5): 370–377. doi:10.1080/02533839.2017.1335619.
  • Hussain, S, and M. Siemiatycki. 2018. “Rethinking the Role of Private Capital in Infrastructure PPPs: The Experience of Ontario, Canada.” Public Management Review 20 (8): 1122–1144. doi:10.1080/14719037.2018.1428412.
  • Ika, L. 2009. “Project Success as a Topic in Project Management Journals.” Project Management Journal 40 (4): 6–19. doi:10.1002/pmj.20137.
  • International Monetary Fund. 2021. World Economic Outlook Database. IMF.org. Accessed 10 January 2022.
  • International Trade Administration. 2019. “Saudi Arabia - Market Overview.” Accessed 18 June 2022. https://www.export.gov/article?id=Saudi-Arabia-Market-Overview
  • Ismail, S. 2013. “Critical Success Factors of Public Private Partnership (PPP) Implementation in Malaysia.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration 5 (1): 6–19. doi:10.1108/17574321311304503.
  • Ismail, S, and F. Azzahra Haris. 2014. “Rationales for Public Private Partnership (PPP) Implementation in Malaysia.” Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 19 (3): 188–201. doi:10.1108/JFMPC-04-2014-0006.
  • Jacobson, C, and S. Choi. 2008. “Success Factors: Public Works and Public-Private Partnerships.” International Journal of Public Sector Management 21 (6): 637–657. doi:10.1108/09513550810896514.
  • Jawadi, F, and Z. Ftiti. 2019. “Oil Price Collapse and Challenges to Economic Transformation of Saudi Arabia: A Time-Series Analysis.” Energy Economics 80: 12–19. doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2018.12.003.
  • Jefferies, M. 2006. “Critical Success Factors of Public Private Sector Partnerships: A Case Study of the Sydney SuperDome.” Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 13 (5): 451–462. doi:10.1108/09699980610690738.
  • JLL 2017. “Public Private Partnerships: A New Approach to Financing Real Estate Development in KSA.” Accessed 19 June 2022. https://argaamplus.s3.amazonaws.com/321ad358-202d-47af-8536-e9c732863040.pdf
  • Khosravi, S, and H. Afshari. 2011. “ A Success Measurement Model for Construction Projects.” International Conference on Financial Management and Economics IPEDR 11: 186–190.
  • Kim, S, and K. Kwa. 2020. “A Closer Look at Risk Factors for Public-Private Partnerships in Singapore: Six Case Studies.” Asian Journal of Political Science 28 (2): 142–163. doi:10.1080/02185377.2020.1780142.
  • Kleiss, T, and H. Imura. 2006. “The Japanese Private Finance Initiative and Its Application in the Municipal Solid Waste Management Sector.” International Journal of Project Management 24 (7): 614–621. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2006.07.007.
  • Kline, R. 2015. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. 4th ed. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
  • Kwak, Y. H., Y. Chih, and C. Ibbs. 2009. “Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of Public Private Partnerships for Infrastructure Development.” California Management Review 51 (2): 51–78. doi:10.2307/41166480.
  • Lam, P, and A. Javed. 2015. “Comparative Study on the Use of Output Specifications for Australian and U.K. PPP/PFI Projects.” Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 29 (2): 1–15. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000554.
  • Landau, S, and B. Everitt. 2004. A Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using SPSS. New York, NY:Chapman and Hall/CRC.
  • Le, P. T., K. Kirytopoulos, N. Chileshe, and R. Rameezdeen. 2022. “Taxonomy of Risks in PPP Transportation Projects: A Systematic Literature Review.” International Journal of Construction Management 22 (2): 166–181. doi:10.1080/15623599.2019.1615756.
  • Lee, N, and J. Schaufelberger. 2014. “Risk Management Strategies for Privatized Infrastructure Projects: Study of the Build-Operate-Transfer Approach in East Asia and the Pacific.” Journal of Management in Engineering 30 (3): 1–9. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000225.
  • Li, B., A. Akintoye, P. Edwards, and C. Hardcastle. 2005a. “Critical Success Factors for PPP/PFI Projects in the UK Construction Industry.” Construction Management and Economics 23 (5): 459–471. doi:10.1080/01446190500041537.
  • Li, B., A. Akintoye, P. Edwards, and C. Hardcastle. 2005b. “Perceptions of Positive and Negative Factors Influencing the Attractiveness of PPP/PFI Procurement for Construction Projects in the UK: Findings from a Questionnaire Survey.” Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 12 (2): 125–148. doi:10.1108/09699980510584485.
  • Likert, R. 1932. “A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes.” Archives of Psychology 22 (140): 55.
  • Ling, F, and V. Hoang. 2010. “Political, Economic, and Legal Risks Faced in International Projects: Case Study of Vietnam.” Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 136 (3): 156–164. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000015.
  • Liu, T, and S. Wilkinson. 2015. “Critical Factors Affecting the Viability of Using Public-Private Partnerships for Prison Development.” Journal of Management in Engineering 31 (5): 1–11. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000324.
  • Liu, H., P. Love, J. Smith, Z. Irani, N. Hajli, and M. Sing. 2018. “From Design to Operations: A Process Management Life-Cycle Performance Measurement System for Public-Private Partnerships.” Production Planning & Control 29 (1): 68–83. doi:10.1080/09537287.2017.1382740.
  • Liu, J., P. Love, P. Davis, J. Smith, and M. Regan. 2015. “Conceptual Framework for the Performance Measurement of Public-Private Partnerships.” Journal of Infrastructure Systems 21 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000210.
  • Liu, J., P. Love, J. Smith, M. Regan, and P. Davis. 2015. “Life Cycle Critical Success Factors for Public-Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects.” Journal of Management in Engineering 31 (5): 1–7. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000307.
  • Liyanage, C, and F. Villalba-Romero. 2015. “Measuring Success of PPP Transport Projects: A Cross-Case Analysis of Toll Roads.” Transport Reviews 35 (2): 140–161. doi:10.1080/01441647.2014.994583.
  • Love, P. E., J. Liu, J. Matthews, C. Sing, and J. Smith. 2015. “Future Proofing PPPs: Life-Cycle Performance Measurement and Building Information Modelling.” Automation in Construction 56: 26–35. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2015.04.008.
  • Mahanti, R, and J. Evans. 2012. “Critical Success Factors for Implementing Statistical Process Control in the Software Industry.” Benchmarking: An International Journal 19 (3): 374–394. doi:10.1108/14635771211244309.
  • Mansouri, P, and M. Al-Ghamdi. 2016. PPPs in Saudi Arabia: Bright Opportunities or Challenges Ahead? Norton Rose Fulbright Insights. Accessed 18 June 2022. https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/f022e393/ppps-in-saudi-arabia–-bright-opportunities-or-challenges-ahead
  • Markab Advisory. 2012. Public Private Partnerships: A Vehicle of Excellence for the Next Wave of Infrastructure Development in the GCC. Doha, Qatar: Qatar Financial Centre Authority.
  • Marshall, A., U. Ojiako, V. Wang, F. Lin, and M. Chipulu. 2019. “Forecasting Unknown-Unknowns by Boosting the Risk Radar Within the Risk Intelligent Organisation.” International Journal of Forecasting 35 (2): 644–658. doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2018.07.015.
  • Mazin, A. 2017. “Dealing With Political Risk in PPP Infrastructure Projects: Legal Recommendations Based on Recent Cases.” International Business Law Journal 3 (2017): 189–202.
  • McGivern, G., S. Dopson, E. Ferlie, M. Fischer, L. Fitzgerald, J. Ledger, and C. Bennett. 2018. “The Silent Politics of Temporal Work: A Case Study of a Management Consultancy Project to Redesign Public Health Care.” Organization Studies 39 (8): 1007–1030. doi:10.1177/0170840617708004.
  • McQuaid, R, and W. Scherrer. 2010. “Changing Reasons for Public-Private Partnerships (PPP).” Public Money & Management 30 (1): 27–34. doi:10.1080/09540960903492331.
  • Medina, A, and A. Francis. 2015. “What Are the Characteristics That Software Development Project Team Members Associate With a Good Project Manager?” Project Management Journal 46 (5): 81–93. doi:10.1002/pmj.21530.
  • Meng, X., Q. Zhao, and Q. Shen. 2011. “Critical Success Factors for Transfer-Operate-Transfer Urban Water Supply Projects in China.” Journal of Management in Engineering 27 (4): 243–251. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000058.
  • Milfont, T, and R. Fischer. 2010. “Testing Measurement Invariance across Groups: Applications in Cross-Cultural Research.” International Journal of Psychological Research 3 (1): 111–130. doi:10.21500/20112084.857.
  • Mir, F, and A. Pinnington. 2014. “Exploring the Value of Project Management: Linking Project Management Performance and Project Success.” International Journal of Project Management 32 (2): 202–217. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.05.012.
  • Mladenovic, G., N. Vajdic, B. Wündsch, and A. Temeljotov-Salaj. 2013. “Use of Key Performance Indicators for PPP Transport Projects to Meet Stakeholders’ Performance Objectives.” Built Environment Project and Asset Management 3 (2): 228–249. doi:10.1108/BEPAM-05-2012-0026.
  • Mohr, J, and R. Spekman. 1994. “Characteristics of Partnership Success: Partnership Attributes, Communication Behavior, and Conflict Resolution Techniques.” Strategic Management Journal 15 (2): 135–152. doi:10.1002/smj.4250150205.
  • Molenaar, K., S. Washington, and J. Diekmann. 2000. “Structural Equation Model of Construction Contract Dispute Potential.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 126 (4): 268–277. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2000)126:4(268).
  • Muller, R., J. Geraldi, and J. Turner. 2012. “Relationships between Leadership and Success in Different Types of Project Complexities.” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 59 (1): 77–90. doi:10.1109/TEM.2011.2114350.
  • National Audit Office 2018. “PFI and PF2. Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General.” Accessed 15 January 2022. https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/PFI-and-PF2.pdf
  • Ng, T., D. Luu, and S. Chen. 2012. “Decision Criteria and Their Subjectivity in Construction Procurement Selection.” Construction Economics and Building 2 (1): 70–80. doi:10.5130/AJCEB.v2i1.2888.
  • Ng, S., Y. Wong, and J. Wong. 2010. “A Structural Equation Model of Feasibility Evaluation and Project Success for Public–Private Partnerships in Hong Kong.” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 57 (2): 310–322. doi:10.1109/TEM.2009.2037142.
  • Ng, S., Y. Wong, and J. Wong. 2012. “Factors Influencing the Success of PPP at Feasibility stage - A Tripartite Comparison Study in Hong Kong.” Habitat International 36 (4): 423–432. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2012.02.002.
  • Nguyen, P., V. Likhitruangsilp, and M. Onishi. 2020. “Success Factors for Public-Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects in Vietnam.” International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 10 (2): 858–865. doi:10.18517/ijaseit.10.2.5839.
  • Nunnally, J. 1978. Psychometric Theory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ojiako, U., M. Chipulu, P. Gardiner, T. Williams, C. Mota, S. Maguire, Y. Shou, and T. Stemanti. 2014. “Effect of Project Role, Age and Gender Differences on the Formation and Revision of Project Decision Judgements.” International Journal of Project Management 32 (4): 556–567. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.09.001.
  • Ojiako, U., M. Chipulu, A. Marshall, M. Ashleigh, S. Maguire, T. Williams, and L. Obokoh. 2015. “Heterogeneity and Perception Congruence of Project Outcomes.” Production Planning & Control 26 (11): 858–873. doi:10.1080/09537287.2014.994684.
  • Ojiako, U., M. Chipulu, A. Marshall, and H. Bashir. 2021. “Public Policy and Projects: Impact of Intranational Jurisdictional Concurrency on Construction Disputes.” Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction 13 (2): 04521005. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)LA.1943-4170.0000456.
  • Ojiako, U., E. AlRaeesi, M. Chipulu, A. Marshall, and H. Bashir. 2022. “Innovation Readiness in Public Sector Service Delivery: An Exploration.” Production Planning & Control : 1–24. In Press. doi:10.1080/09537287.2022.2089266.
  • Olusola Babatunde, S., A. Opawole, and O. Emmanuel Akinsiku. 2012. “Critical Success Factors in Public‐Private Partnership (PPP) on Infrastructure Delivery in Nigeria.” Journal of Facilities Management 10 (3): 212–225. doi:10.1108/14725961211246018.
  • O'Shea, C., D. Palcic, and E. Reeves. 2019. “Comparing PPP With Traditional Procurement: The Case of Schools Procurement in Ireland.” Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 90 (2): 245–267. doi:10.1111/apce.12236.
  • Osborne, S. 2006. “The New Public Governance?” Public Management Review 8 (3): 377–387. doi:10.1080/14719030600853022.
  • Osei-Kyei, R, and A. Chan. 2015. “Review of Studies on the Critical Success Factors for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects from 1990 to 2013.” International Journal of Project Management 33 (6): 1335–1346. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2015.02.008.
  • Osei-Kyei, R, and A. Chan. 2017a. “Comparative Analysis of the Success Criteria for Public-Private Partnership Projects in Ghana and Hong Kong.” Project Management Journal 48 (4): 80–92. doi:10.1177/875697281704800407.
  • Osei-Kyei, R, and A. Chan. 2017b. “Developing a Project Success Index for Public–Private Partnership Projects in Developing Countries.” Journal of Infrastructure Systems 23 (4): 04017028. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000388.
  • Osei-Kyei, R, and A. Chan. 2019. “Model for Predicting the Success of Public–Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects in Developing Countries: A Case of Ghana.” Architectural Engineering and Design Management 15 (3): 213–232. doi:10.1080/17452007.2018.1545632.
  • Osei-Kyei, R., A. Chan, and E. Ameyaw. 2017. “A Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Analysis of Operational Management Critical Success Factors for Public-Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects.” Benchmarking: An International Journal 24 (7): 2092–2112. doi:10.1108/BIJ-07-2016-0111.
  • Padalkar, M, and S. Gopinath. 2016. “Six Decades of Project Management Research: Thematic Trends and Future Opportunities.” International Journal of Project Management 34 (7): 1305–1321. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.06.006.
  • Park, H., S. Lee, and J. Kim. 2018. “Do Public Private Partnership Projects Deliver Value for Money? an Ex Post Value for Money (VfM) Test on Three Road Projects in Korea.” International Journal of Urban Sciences 22 (4): 579–591. doi:10.1080/12265934.2018.1455528.
  • Ponzini, D. 2011. “Large Scale Development Projects and Star Architecture in the Absence of Democratic Politics: The Case of Abu Dhabi, UAE.” Cities 28 (3): 251–259. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2011.02.002.
  • Prybil, L., P. Jarris, and J. Montero. 2015. A Perspective on Public-Private Collaboration in the Health Sector. NAM Perspectives. Discussion Paper, National Academy of Medicine, Washington, DC. doi:10.31478/201511a.
  • Rahman, R. 2020. “The Privatization of Health Care System in Saudi Arabia.” Health Services Insights 13: 117863292093449. doi:10.1177/1178632920934497.
  • Robert, O., A. Dansoh, and J. Ofori-Kuragu. 2014. “Reasons for Adopting Public-Private Partnership (PPP) for Construction Projects in Ghana.” International Journal of Construction Management 14 (4): 227–238. doi:10.1080/15623599.2014.967925.
  • Rockart, J. 1982. “The Changing Role of the Information Systems Executive: A Critical Success Factors Perspective.” Sloan Management Review 24: 3–13.
  • Roehrich, J., M. Lewis, and G. George. 2014. “Are Public–Private Partnerships a Healthy Option? A Systematic Literature Review.” Social Science & Medicine 113: 110–119. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.037.
  • Roth, A, and E. Rosenzweig. 2020. “Advancing Empirical Science in Operations Management Research: A Clarion Call to Action.” Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 22 (1): 179–190. doi:10.1287/msom.2019.0829.
  • Rybnicek, R., J. Plakolm, and L. Baumgartner. 2020. “Risks in Public–Private Partnerships: A Systematic Literature Review of Risk Factors, Their Impact and Risk Mitigation Strategies.” Public Performance & Management Review 43 (5): 1174–1208. doi:10.1080/15309576.2020.1741406.
  • Sachs, T., R. Tiong, and S. Wang. 2007. “Analysis of Political Risks and Opportunities in Public Private Partnerships (PPP) in China and Selected Asian Countries.” Chinese Management Studies 1 (2): 126–148. doi:10.1108/17506140710758026.
  • Salman, A., M. Skibniewski, and I. Basha. 2007. “BOT Viability Model for Large-Scale Infrastructure Projects.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 133 (1): 50–63. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2007)133:1(50).
  • Samset, K. 2010. Early Project Appraisal. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Savolainen, P., J. Ahonen, and I. Richardson. 2012. “Software Development Project Success and Failure from the Supplier’s Perspective: A Systematic Literature Review.” International Journal of Project Management 30 (4): 458–469. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2011.07.002.
  • Schumacker, R, and R. Lomax. 2010. A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Routledge publishing.
  • Scudder, G, and C. Hill. 1998. “A Review and Classification of Empirical Research in Operations Management.” Journal of Operations Management 16 (1): 91–101. doi:10.1016/S0272-6963(97)00008-9.
  • Sheng, M., A. V. Sreenivasan, B. Sharp, D. Wilson, and P. Ranjitkar. 2020. “Economic Analysis of Dynamic Inductive Power Transfer Roadway Charging System Under Public-Private Partnership–Evidence from New Zealand.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 154: 119958. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119958.
  • Shenhar, A. 2004. “Strategic Project Leadership: Toward a Strategic Approach to Project Management.” R&D Management 34 (5): 569–578.
  • Shenhar, A., A. Tishler, D. Dvir, S. Lipovetsky, and T. Lechler. 2002. “Refining the Search for Project Success Factors: A Multivariate, Typological Approach.” R&D Management 32 (2): 111–126. doi:10.1111/1467-9310.00244.
  • Shi, S., H. Y. Chong, L. Liu, and X. Ye. 2016. “Examining the Interrelationship among Critical Success Factors of Public Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects.” Sustainability 8 (12): 1313. doi:10.3390/su8121313.
  • Silva, E. 2018. “Mega-Projects, Contentious Politics, and Institutional and Policy Change.” European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies/Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe 106: 133–156. doi:10.32992/erlacs.10391.
  • Singla, A., J. Shumberger, and D. Swindell. 2021. “Paying for Infrastructure in the Post-Recession Era: Exploring the Use of Alternative Funding and Financing Tools.” Journal of Urban Affairs 43 (4): 526–548. doi:10.1080/07352166.2019.1660580.
  • Smith, N, and M. Gannon. 2008. “Political Risk in Light Rail Transit PPP Projects.” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Management, Procurement and Law 161 (4): 179–185. doi:10.1680/mpal.2008.161.4.179.
  • Sweidan, O, and K. Elbargathi. 2022. “The Effect of Oil Rent on Economic Development in Saudi Arabia: Comparing the Role of Globalization and the International Geopolitical Risk.” Resources Policy 75: 102469. doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102469.
  • Sydow, J., L. Lindkvist, and R. DeFillippi. 2004. “Project-Based Organizations, Embeddedness and Repositories of Knowledge.” Organization Studies 25 (9): 1475–1489. doi:10.1177/0170840604048162.
  • Tabachnick, B, and L. Fidell. 2007. Using Multivariate Statistics. 5th ed. New York: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Tallaki, M, and E. Bracci. 2021. “Risk Allocation, Transfer and Management in Public–Private Partnership and Private Finance Initiatives: A Systematic Literature Review.” International Journal of Public Sector Management 34 (7): 709–731. doi:10.1108/IJPSM-06-2020-0161.
  • Tam, C. 1999. “Build-Operate-Transfer Model for Infrastructure Developments in Asia: Reasons for Successes and Failures.” International Journal of Project Management 17 (6): 377–382. doi:10.1016/S0263-7863(98)00061-1.
  • Tang, L, and Q. Shen. 2013. “Factors Affecting Effectiveness and Efficiency of Analyzing Stakeholders’ Needs at the Briefing Stage of Public Private Partnership Projects.” International Journal of Project Management 31 (4): 513–521. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.10.010.
  • Top, M, and C. Sungur. 2019. “Opinions and Evaluations of Stakeholders in the Implementation of the Public‐Private Partnership (PPP) Model in Integrated Health Campuses (City Hospitals) in Turkey.” International Journal of Health Planning and Management 34 (1): e241–e263.
  • Turner, J, and R. Müller. 2005. “The Project Manager’s Leadership Style as a Success Factor on Projects: A Literature Review.” Project Management Journal 36 (2): 49–61. doi:10.1177/875697280503600206.
  • Turner, R, and R. Zolin. 2012. “Forecasting Success on Large Projects: developing Reliable Scales to Predict Multiple Perspectives by Multiple Stakeholders Over Multiple Time Frames.” Project Management Journal 43 (5): 87–99. doi:10.1002/pmj.21289.
  • Turner, R., M. Huemann, F. Anbari, and C. Bredillet. 2010. Perspectives on Projects. London: Routledge.
  • United Nations. 2020. World Economic Situation and Prospects. United Nations.
  • van den Hoonaard, W. 2003. “Is Anonymity an Artifact in Ethnographic Research?” Journal of Academic Ethics 1 (2): 141–151. doi:10.1023/B:JAET.0000006919.58804.4c.
  • Van der Panne, G., C. Van Beers, and A. Kleinknecht. 2003. “Success and Failure of Innovation: A Literature Review.” International Journal of Innovation Management 07 (03): 309–338. doi:10.1142/S1363919603000830.
  • Verweij, S., O. Loomans, and W. Leendertse. 2020. “The Role of the Public Partner in Innovation in Transport Infrastructure PPPs: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Nine Dutch DBFM Projects.” Public Works Management & Policy 25 (1): 5–32. doi:10.1177/1087724X19847215.
  • Waheed, R., S. Sarwar, and A. Dignah. 2020. “The Role of Non-Oil Exports, Tourism and Renewable Energy to Achieve Sustainable Economic Growth: What We Learn From the Experience of Saudi Arabia.” Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 55: 49–58. doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2020.06.005.
  • Wang, H., W. Xiong, G. Wu, and D. Zhu. 2018a. “Public–Private Partnership in Public Administration Discipline: A Literature Review.” Public Management Review 20 (2): 293–316. doi:10.1080/14719037.2017.1313445.
  • Wang, Y., P. Cui, and J. Liu. 2018b. “Analysis of the Risk-Sharing Ratio in PPP Projects Based on Government Minimum Revenue Guarantees.” International Journal of Project Management 36 (6): 899–909. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2018.01.007.
  • Wang, H., Y. Liu, W. Xiong, and J. Song. 2019. “The Moderating Role of Governance Environment on the Relationship Between Risk Allocation and Private Investment in PPP Markets: Evidence from Developing Countries.” International Journal of Project Management 37 (1): 117–130. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2018.10.008.
  • Weihe, G. 2008. “Ordering Disorder–on the Perplexities of the Partnership Literature.” Australian Journal of Public Administration 67 (4): 430–442. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8500.2008.00600.x.
  • Weston, R, and P. Gore. 2006. “A Brief Guide to Structural Equation Modeling.” The Counseling Psychologist 34 (5): 719–751. doi:10.1177/0011000006286345.
  • Williams, T. 2016. “Identifying Success Factors in Construction Projects: A Case Study.” Project Management Journal 47 (1): 97–112. doi:10.1002/pmj.21558.
  • Winch, G. 2009. Managing Construction Projects. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • World Bank. 2021a. Private Participation in Infrastructure. The World Bank. Accessed 22 June 2021. https://ppi.worldbank.org/visualization/ppi.html#sector=&status=&ppi=&investment=&region=&ida=&income=&ppp=&mdb=&year=&excel=false&map=&header=true
  • World Bank. 2021b. Saudi Arabia: Country Data and Statistics. Accessed 22 June 2021. https://www.worlddata.info/asia/saudi-arabia/index.php
  • World Bank Institute. 2012. Public–Private Partnerships – Reference Guide Version 1.0. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/International Development Association or The World Bank.
  • Wu, A, and B. Zumbo. 2008. “Understanding and Using Mediators and Moderators.” Social Indicators Research 87 (3): 367–392. doi:10.1007/s11205-007-9143-1.
  • Yang, Y., Y. Hou, and Y. Wang. 2013. “On the Development of Public–Private Partnerships in Transitional Economies: An Explanatory Framework.” Public Administration Review 73 (2): 301–310. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02672.x.
  • Yong, H. 2010. Public-Private Partnerships Policy and Practice: A Reference Guide. London: Commonwealth Secretariat Marlborough House.
  • Yu, Y., A. Chan, C. Chen, and A. Darko. 2018. “Critical Risk Factors of Transnational Public–Private Partnership Projects: Literature Review.” Journal of Infrastructure Systems 24 (1): 04017042. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000405.
  • Yuan, J., A. Zeng, M. J. Skibniewski, and Q. Li. 2009. “Selection of Performance Objectives and Key Performance Indicators in Public-Private Partnership Projects to Achieve Value for Money.” Construction Management and Economics 27 (3): 253–270. doi:10.1080/01446190902748705.
  • Yuan, J., C. Wang, M. Skibniewski, and Q. Li. 2012. “Developing Key Performance Indicators for Public-Private Partnership Projects: questionnaire Survey and Analysis.” Journal of Management in Engineering 28 (3): 252–264. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000113.
  • Zhang, X. 2005c. “Critical Success Factors for Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 131 (1): 3–14. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2005)131:1(3).
  • Zhang, X. 2006a. “Factor Analysis of Public Clients’ Best-Value Objective in Public-Privately Partnered Infrastructure Projects.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 132 (9): 956–965. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2006)132:9(956).
  • Zhang, X. 2006b. “Public Clients’ Best Value Perspectives of Public Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 132 (2): 107–114. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2006)132:2(107).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.