Injecting drug use increases the risk of death in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in Vietnam

References

• Amirkhanian, Y. A., Kelly, J. A., DiFranceisco, W. J., Kuznetsova, A. V., Tarima, S. S., Yakovlev, A. A., & Musatov, V. B. (2018). Predictors of HIV care engagement, antiretroviral medication adherence, and viral suppression among people living with HIV infection in St. Petersburg, Russia. AIDS and Behavior, 22(3), 791–799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1638-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• April, M. D., Wood, R., Berkowitz, B. K., Paltiel, A. D., Anglaret, X., Losina, E., Freedberg, K. A., & Walensky, R. P. (2014). The survival benefits of antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 209(4), 491–499. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamins, M. R., Saiyed, N., Bunting, S., Lorenz, P., Hunt, B., Glick, N., & Silva, A. (2021). HIV mortality across the 30 largest U.S. cities: Assessing overall trends and racial inequities. AIDS Care, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2021.1939849
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuong, D. D., Sönnerborg, A., Van Tam, V., El-Khatib, Z., Santacatterina, M., Marrone, G., Chuc, N. T. K., Diwan, V., Thorson, A., Le, N. K., An, P. N., & Larsson, M. (2016). Impact of peer support on virologic failure in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy – a cluster randomized controlled trial in Vietnam. BMC Infectious Diseases, 16(1), 759. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-2017-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dat, V. Q., Lyss, S., Dung, N. T. H., Hung, L. M., Pals, S. L., Anh, H. T. V., Kinh, N. V., & Bateganya, M. (2021). Prevalence of advanced HIV disease, Cryptococcal Antigenemia, and suboptimal clinical outcomes among those enrolled in care in Vietnam. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 88(5), 487–496. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000002786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egger, M., May, M., Chêne, G., Phillips, A. N., Ledergerber, B., Dabis, F., Costagliola, D., D’Arminio Monforte, A., de Wolf, F., Reiss, P., Lundgren, J. D., Justice, A. C., Staszewski, S., Leport, C., Hogg, R. S., Sabin, C. A., Gill, M. J., Salzberger, B., Sterne, J. A. C., & ART Cohort Collaboration. (2002). Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: A collaborative analysis of prospective studies. The Lancet, 360(9327), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09411-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farhadian, N., Karami Matin, B., Farnia, V., Zamanian, M. H., Najafi, F., & Farhadian, M. (2022). The prevalence of people who inject drugs among those with HIV late presentation: A meta-analysis. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 17(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-022-00439-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferradini, L., Jeannin, A., Pinoges, L., Izopet, J., Odhiambo, D., Mankhambo, L., Karungi, G., Szumilin, E., Balandine, S., Fedida, G., Carrieri, M. P., Spire, B., Ford, N., Tassie, J.-M., Guerin, P. J., & Brasher, C. (2006). Scaling up of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a rural district of Malawi: An effectiveness assessment. The Lancet, 367(9519), 1335–1342. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68580-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine, J. P., & Gray, R. J. (1999). A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(446), 496–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1999.10474144
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frijters, E. M., Hermans, L. E., Wensing, A. M. J., Devillé, W. L. J. M., Tempelman, H. A., & De Wit, J. B. F. (2020). Risk factors for loss to follow-up from antiretroviral therapy programmes in low-income and middle-income countries. AIDS (London, England), 34(9), 1261–1288. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geskus, R. B. (2011). Cause-specific cumulative incidence estimation and the fine and gray model under both left truncation and right censoring. Biometrics, 67(1), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2010.01420.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, T. C., McGowan, S. K., Yokell, M. A., Pouget, E. R., & Rich, J. D. (2012). HIV infection and risk of overdose: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS (London, England), 26(4), 403–417. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834f19b6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, W. M., Law, M. G., Choi, J. Y., Ditangco, R., Kumarasamy, N., Chaiwarith, R., Ly, P. S., Khusuwan, S., Merati, T. P., Do, C. D., Yunihastuti, E., Azwa, I., Lee, M., Pham, T. N., Chan, Y., Kiertiburanakul, S., Ng, O. T., Tanuma, J., Pujari, S., … Rupasinghe, D. (2021). Weight changes, metabolic syndrome and all-cause mortality among Asian adults living with HIV. HIV Medicine, hiv.13211. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.13211
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath, A. J., Kerr, T., Ti, L., Kaplan, K., Suwannawong, P., Wood, E., & Hayashi, K. (2016). Healthcare avoidance by people who inject drugs in Bangkok, Thailand. Journal of Public Health, 38(3), e301–e308. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdv143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iryawan, A. R., Stoicescu, C., Sjahrial, F., Nio, K., & Dominich, A. (2022). The impact of peer support on testing, linkage to and engagement in HIV care for people who inject drugs in Indonesia: Qualitative perspectives from a community-led study. Harm Reduction Journal, 19(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-022-00595-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, I. Y., Rupasinghe, D., Woolley, I., O’Connor, C. C., Giles, M., Azwa, R. I., Choi, J. Y., & IeDEA Asia-Pacific. (2019). Trends in mortality among ART-treated HIV-infected adults in the Asia-Pacific region between 1999 and 2017: Results from the TREAT Asia HIV observational database (TAHOD) and Australian HIV observational database (AHOD) of IeDEA Asia-Pacific. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 22(1), e25219. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koech, E., Stafford, K. A., Mutysia, I., Katana, A., Jumbe, M., Awuor, P., Lavoie, M.-C., Ngunu, C., Riedel, D. J., & Ojoo, S. (2021). Factors associated with loss to follow-up among patients receiving HIV treatment in Nairobi, Kenya. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 37(9), 642–646. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2020.0292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert, P. C. (2017). The estimation and modeling of cause-specific cumulative incidence functions using time-dependent weights. The Stata Journal: Promoting Communications on Statistics and Stata, 17(1), 181–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X1701700110
   Google Scholar
• Lan, C.-W., Lin, C., Thanh, D. C., & Li, L. (2018). Drug-related stigma and access to care among people who inject drugs in Vietnam. Drug and Alcohol Review, 37(3), 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12589
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laut, K. G., Shepherd, L., Gottfredsson, M., Sedlacek, D., Knysz, B., Begovac, J., Radoi, R., Schmied, B., Chkhartishvili, N., Florence, E., Ristola, M., Fätkenheuer, G., Mulcahy, F., Schmid, P., Kuzovatova, E., Paduta, D., Smidt, J., Domingo, P., Szlávik, J., … Kirk, O. (2018). Variation in antiretroviral treatment coverage and virological suppression among three HIV key populations. AIDS (London, England), 32(18), 2807–2819. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, M. T., Justice, A. C., Birnie, K., Ingle, S. M., Smit, C., Smith, C., Neau, D., Guiguet, M., Schwarze-Zander, C., Moreno, S., Guest, J. L., d’Arminio Monforte, A., Tural, C., Gill, M. J., Bregenzer, A., Kirk, O., Saag, M., Sterling, T. R., Crane, H. M., & Sterne, J. A. C. (2015). Injection drug use and Hepatitis C as risk factors for mortality in HIV-infected individuals: The antiretroviral therapy cohort collaboration. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 69(3), 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mocroft, A., Ledergerber, B., Katlama, C., Kirk, O., Reiss, P., d’Arminio Monforte, A., Knysz, B., Dietrich, M., Phillips, A. N., Lundgren, J. D., & EuroSIDA study group. (2003). Decline in the AIDS and death rates in the EuroSIDA study: An observational study. The Lancet, 362(9377), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13802-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, H. H., Bui, D. D., Dinh, T. T., Pham, L. Q., Nguyen, V. T., Tran, T. H., Pham, T. H., Nguyen, S. M., Suthar, A. B., Do, N. T., Ford, N., Lo, Y.-R., Nguyen, L. H., Giang, L. M., Kato, M., & the team for the implementation research project “Vietnam HIV early antiretroviral therapy with regular HIV testing (V-HEART)”. (2018). A prospective “test-and-treat” demonstration project among people who inject drugs in Vietnam. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 21(7), e25151. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, T. A., Tran, T. H., Nguyen, B. T., Pham, T. T. P., Hong Le, N. T., Ta, D. V., Phan, H. T. T., Nguyen, L. H., Ait-Ahmed, M., Ho, H. T., Taieb, F., Madec, Y., & for the MOVIDA 2 study group. (2020). Feasibility of dried blood spots for HIV viral load monitoring in decentralized area in North Vietnam in a test-and-treat era, the MOVIDA project. Plos One, 15(4), e0230968. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230968
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singh, K., Chander, G., Lau, B., Edwards, J. K., Moore, R. D., & Lesko, C. R. (2019). Association of history of injection drug use with external cause-related mortality among persons linked to HIV care in an urban clinic, 2001–2015. AIDS and Behavior, 23(12), 3286–3293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02497-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suárez-García, I., Sobrino-Vegas, P., Dalmau, D., Rubio, R., Iribarren, J. A., Blanco, J. R., Gutierrez, F., Montero Alonso, M., Bernal, E., Vinuesa García, D., Del Amo, J., & Cohort of the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS). (2016). Clinical outcomes of patients infected with HIV through use of injected drugs compared to patients infected through sexual transmission: Late presentation, delayed anti-retroviral treatment and higher mortality. Addiction, 111(7), 1235–1245. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taieb, F., Tran Hong, T., Ho, H. T., Nguyen Thanh, B., Pham Phuong, T., Viet Ta, D., Le Thi Hong, N., Ba Pham, H., Nguyen, L. T. H., Nguyen, H. T., Nguyen, T. T., Tuaillon, E., Delaporte, E., Le Thi, H., Tran Thi Bich, H., Nguyen, T. A., & Madec, Y. (2018). First field evaluation of the optimized CE marked Abbott protocol for HIV RNA testing on dried blood spot in a routine clinical setting in Vietnam. PloS One, 13(2), e0191920. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanuma, J., Matsumoto, S., Haneuse, S., Cuong, D. D., Vu, T. V., Thuy, P. T. T., Dung, N. T., Dung, N. T. H., Trung, N. V., Kinh, N. V., & Oka, S. (2017). Long-term viral suppression and immune recovery during first-line antiretroviral therapy: A study of an HIV-infected adult cohort in Hanoi, Vietnam. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 20(4), e25030. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiendrebeogo, T., Messou, E., Arikawa, S., Ekouevi, D. K., Tanon, A., Kwaghe, V., Balestre, E., Zannou, M. D., Poda, A., Dabis, F., Jaquet, A., Minga, A., Becquet, R., & IeDEA West Africa Collaboration. (2021). Ten-year attrition and antiretroviral therapy response among HIV-positive adults: A sex-based cohort analysis from eight West African countries. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 24(5), https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran, D. A., Shakeshaft, A., Ngo, A. D., Mallitt, K.-A., Wilson, D., Doran, C., & Zhang, L. (2013). Determinants of antiretroviral therapy initiation and treatment outcomes for people living with HIV in Vietnam. HIV Clinical Trials, 14(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1310/hct1401-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNAIDS. (n.d.). Viet Nam. Retrieved April 14, 2023, from https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/vietnam
   Google Scholar
• Van Nguyen, H., Nguyen, H. L. T., Mai, H. T., Le, H. Q., Tran, B. X., Hoang, C. D., Le, H. T., Nguyen, C. T., Tran, T. D., Latkin, C. A., & Vu, T. M. T. (2017). Stigmatization among methadone maintenance treatment patients in mountainous areas in northern Vietnam. Harm Reduction Journal, 14(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-016-0127-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walensky, R. P., Paltiel, A. D., Losina, E., Mercincavage, L. M., Schackman, B. R., Sax, P. E., Weinstein, M. C., & Freedberg, K. A. (2006). The survival benefits of AIDS treatment in the United States. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 194(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1086/505147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2016). Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: Recommendations for a public health approach (2nd ed.). https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/208825
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (n.d.). HIV data and statistics. Retrieved April 14, 2023, from https://www.who.int/teams/immunization-vaccines-and-biologicals/diseases/tick-borne-encephalitis/hiv
   Google Scholar
• Zaniewski, E., Dao Ostinelli, C. H., Chammartin, F., Maxwell, N., Davies, M., Euvrard, J., Dijk, J., Bosomprah, S., Phiri, S., Tanser, F., Sipambo, N., Muhairwe, J., Fatti, G., Prozesky, H., Wood, R., Ford, N., Fox, M. P., & Egger, M. (2020). Trends in CD4 and viral load testing 2005 to 2018: Multi-cohort study of people living with HIV in Southern Africa. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 23(7), https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, J., Yousuf, M. A., Yang, W., Zhu, Q., Shen, Z., Lan, G., Chen, Y., Chen, H., Fan, W., Xing, H., Shao, Y., Ruan, Y., & Li, L. (2021). Mortality and attrition rates within the first year of antiretroviral therapy initiation among people living with HIV in Guangxi, China: An observational cohort study. BioMed Research International, 2021, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6657112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar