Psoriasis comorbidities

References

• Nickoloff B. J., Nestle F. O. Recent insights into the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis provide new therapeutic opportunities. J Clin Invest 2004; 113: 1664–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd A. S., Menter A. Erythrodermic psoriasis. Precipitating factors, course, and prognosis in 50 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989; 21((5 Pt 1))985–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce D. J., Lucas J., Wood B., Chen J., Balkrishnan R., Feldman S. R. Death from psoriasis: Representative US data. J Dermatolog Treat 2006; 17: 302–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prystowsky J. H., Cohen P. R. Pustular and erythrodermic psoriasis. Dermatol Clin 1995; 13: 757–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickoloff B. J., Schroder J. M., von den Driesch P., Raychaudhuri S. P., Farber E. M., Boehncke W. H., et al. Is psoriasis a T‐cell disease?. Exp Dermatol 2000; 9: 359–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson D., Jr., Hackett M., Wong J., Kimball A. B., Cohen R., Bala M. Co‐occurrence and comorbidities in patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory disorders: An exploration using US healthcare claims data, 2001–2002. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22: 989–1000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mrowietz U., Elder J. T., Barker J. The importance of disease associations and concomitant therapy for the long‐term management of psoriasis patients. Arch Dermatol Res 2007; 298: 309–19
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito M., Saraceno R., Giunta A., Maccarone M., Chimenti S. An Italian study on psoriasis and depression. Dermatology 2006; 212: 123–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devrimci‐Ozguven H., Kundakci T. N., Kumbasar H., Boyvat A. The depression, anxiety, life satisfaction and affective expression levels in psoriasis patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2000; 14: 267–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelfand J. M., Gladman D. D., Mease P. J., Smith N., Margolis D. J., Nijsten T., et al. Epidemiology of psoriatic arthritis in the population of the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53: 573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein C. N., Wajda A., Blanchard J. F. The clustering of other chronic inflammatory diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: A population‐based study. Gastroenterology 2005; 129: 827–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelfand J. M., Shin D. B., Neimann A. L., Wang X., Margolis D. J., Troxel A. B. The risk of lymphoma in patients with psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126: 2194–201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Psoriasis Foundation. Spring 2006 survey panel snapshot. 2006 [cited March 7 2007]. URL: http://www.psoriasis.org/files/pdfs/research/2006_spring_survey_panel.pdf?PHPSESSID = 3f38aca461b4e88cd42b317f9c376d6e.
   Google Scholar
• Rapp S. R., Feldman S. R., Exum M. L., Fleischer A. B., Jr., Reboussin D. M. Psoriasis causes as much disability as other major medical diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 41((3 Pt 1))401–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henseler T., Christophers E. Disease concomitance in psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32: 982–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallbris L., Ritchlin C. T., Stahle M. Metabolic disorders in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2006; 8: 355–63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sommer D. M., Jenisch S., Suchan M., Christophers E., Weichenthal M. Increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 2006; 298: 321–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jowett S., Ryan T. Skin disease and handicap: An analysis of the impact of skin conditions. Soc Sci Med 1985; 20: 425–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodruff P. W., Higgins E. M., du Vivier A. W., Wessely S. Psychiatric illness in patients referred to a dermatology–psychiatry clinic. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1997; 19: 29–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta M. A., Gupta A. K. Depression and suicidal ideation in dermatology patients with acne, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139: 846–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni A. S., Balkrishnan R., Camacho F. T., Anderson R. T., Feldman S. R. Medication and health care service utilization related to depressive symptoms in older adults with psoriasis. J Drugs Dermatol 2004; 3: 661–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharma N., Koranne R. V., Singh R. K. Psychiatric morbidity in psoriasis and vitiligo: A comparative study. J Dermatol 2001; 28: 419–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhosle M. J., Kulkarni A., Feldman S. R., Balkrishnan R. Quality of life in patients with psoriasis. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2006; 4: 35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta M. A., Schork N. J., Gupta A. K., Kirkby S., Ellis C. N. Suicidal ideation in psoriasis. Int J Dermatol 1993; 32: 188–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akay A., Pekcanlar A., Bozdag K. E., Altintas L., Karaman A. Assessment of depression in subjects with psoriasis vulgaris and lichen planus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2002; 16: 347–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyring S., Gottlieb A., Papp K., Gordon K., Leonardi C., Wang A., et al. Etanercept and clinical outcomes, fatigue, and depression in psoriasis: Double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomised phase III trial. Lancet 2006; 367: 29–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evers A. W., Lu Y., Duller P., van der Valk P. G., Kraaimaat F. W., van de Kerkhof P. C. Common burden of chronic skin diseases? Contributors to psychological distress in adults with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152: 1275–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patarca R., Klimas N. G., Lugtendorf S., Antoni M., Fletcher M. A. Dysregulated expression of tumor necrosis factor in chronic fatigue syndrome: Interrelations with cellular sources and patterns of soluble immune mediator expression. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 18((suppl 1))S147–53
   Google Scholar
• Schiepers O. J., Wichers M. C., Maes M. Cytokines and major depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2005; 29: 201–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelfand J. M., Feldman S. R., Stern R. S., Thomas J., Rolstad T., Margolis D. J. Determinants of quality of life in patients with psoriasis: A study from the US population. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51: 704–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce D. J., Singh S., Balkrishnan R., Kulkarni A., Fleischer A. B., Feldman S. R. The negative impact of psoriasis on the workplace. J Dermatolog Treat 2006; 17: 24–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampogna F., Chren M. M., Melchi C. F., Pasquini P., Tabolli S., Abeni D. Age, gender, quality of life and psychological distress in patients hospitalized with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2006; 154: 325–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss S. C., Kimball A. B., Liewehr D. J., Blauvelt A., Turner M. L., Emanuel E. J. Quantifying the harmful effect of psoriasis on health‐related quality of life. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 47: 512–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubertret L., Mrowietz U., Ranki A., van de Kerkhof P. C., Chimenti S., Lotti T., et al. European patient perspectives on the impact of psoriasis: the EUROPSO patient membership survey. Br J Dermatol 2006; 155: 729–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt J. M., Ford D. E. Work limitations and productivity loss are associated with health‐related quality of life but not with clinical severity in patients with psoriasis. Dermatology 2006; 213: 102–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The burden of skin diseases 2004. 2004 [cited March 7 2007]. URL: http://www.sidnet.org/pdfs/Burden%20of%20Skin%20Diseases%202004.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Horn E. J., Patel V., Fox K. M., Dann F., Chiou C. F. Association between psoriasis severity and household income. American Academy of Dermatology; February 2–6 2007; Washington, DC. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 56((suppl 2))AB187
   Google Scholar
• Gladman D. D., Shuckett R., Russell M. L., Thorne J. C., Schachter R. K. Psoriatic arthritis (PSA) – an analysis of 220 patients. Q J Med 1987; 62: 127–41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Torre Alonso J. C., Rodriguez Perez A., Arribas Castrillo J. M., Ballina Garcia J., Riestra Noriega J. L., Lopez Larrea C. Psoriatic arthritis (PA): A clinical, immunological and radiological study of 180 patients. Br J Rheumatol 1991; 30: 245–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Queiro‐Silva R., Torre‐Alonso J. C., Tinture‐Eguren T., Lopez‐Lagunas I. A polyarticular onset predicts erosive and deforming disease in psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62: 68–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gladman D. D., Antoni C., Mease P., Clegg D. O., Nash P. Psoriatic arthritis: Epidemiology, clinical features, course, and outcome. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64((suppl 2))ii14–17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gladman D. D. Psoriatic arthritis. Dermatol Ther 2004; 17: 350–63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gottlieb A. B., Mease P. J., Mark Jackson J., Eisen D., Amy Xia H., Asare C., et al. Clinical characteristics of psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis in dermatologists' offices. J Dermatolog Treat 2006; 17: 279–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane D., Stafford L., Bresnihan B., FitzGerald O. A prospective, clinical and radiological study of early psoriatic arthritis: An early synovitis clinic experience. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003; 42: 1460–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zink A., Thiele K., Huscher D., Listing J., Sieper J., Krause A., et al. Healthcare and burden of disease in psoriatic arthritis. A comparison with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 2006; 33: 86–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman P., Nguyen E., Cheung C., Schentag C. T., Gladman D. D. Comparison of radiological severity in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2001; 28: 1041–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husted J. A., Gladman D. D., Farewell V. T., Cook R. J. Health‐related quality of life of patients with psoriatic arthritis: A comparison with patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 45: 151–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong K., Gladman D. D., Husted J., Long J. A., Farewell V. T. Mortality studies in psoriatic arthritis: results from a single outpatient clinic. I. Causes and risk of death. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 1868–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boffetta P., Gridley G., Lindelof B. Cancer risk in a population‐based cohort of patients hospitalized for psoriasis in Sweden. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 117: 1531–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelfand J. M., Berlin J., van Voorhees A., Margolis D. J. Lymphoma rates are low but increased in patients with psoriasis: Results from a population‐based cohort study in the United Kingdom. Arch Dermatol 2003; 139: 1425–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolis D., Bilker W., Hennessy S., Vittorio C., Santanna J., Strom B. L. The risk of malignancy associated with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 2001; 137: 778–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen J. H., Moller H., Frentz G. Malignant tumors in patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992; 27((5 Pt 1))716–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul C. F., Ho V. C., McGeown C., Christophers E., Schmidtmann B., Guillaume J. C., et al. Risk of malignancies in psoriasis patients treated with cyclosporine: A 5 y cohort study. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120: 211–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frentz G., Olsen J. H. Malignant tumours and psoriasis: A follow‐up study. Br J Dermatol 1999; 140: 237–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannuksela‐Svahn A., Pukkala E., Laara E., Poikolainen K., Karvonen J. Psoriasis, its treatment, and cancer in a cohort of Finnish patients. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 114: 587–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern R. S., Nichols K. T., Vakeva L. H. Malignant melanoma in patients treated for psoriasis with methoxsalen (psoralen) and ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA). The PUVA Follow‐Up Study. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1041–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunther E. J., Yeasky T. M., Gasparro F. P., Glazer P. M. Mutagenesis by 8‐methoxypsoralen and 5‐methylangelicin photoadducts in mouse fibroblasts: Mutations at cross‐linkable sites induced by offoadducts as well as cross‐links. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 1283–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kripke M. L., Morison W. L., Parrish J. A. Induction and transplantation of murine skin cancers induced by methoxsalen plus ultraviolet (320–400 nm) radiation. J Natl Cancer Inst 1982; 68: 685–90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nijsten T. E., Stern R. S. The increased risk of skin cancer is persistent after discontinuation of psoralen+ultraviolet A: A cohort study. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 121: 252–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindelof B., Sigurgeirsson B., Tegner E., Larko O., Johannesson A., Berne B., et al. PUVA and cancer risk: the Swedish follow‐up study. Br J Dermatol 1999; 141: 108–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald C. J., Calabresi P. Psoriasis and occlusive vascular disease. Br J Dermatol 1978; 99: 469–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce D. J., Morrison A. E., Higgins K. B., Crane M. M., Balkrishnan R., Fleischer A. B., Jr., et al. The comorbid state of psoriasis patients in a university dermatology practice. J Dermatolog Treat 2005; 16((5–6))319–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallbris L., Akre O., Granath F., Yin L., Lindelof B., Ekbom A., et al. Increased risk for cardiovascular mortality in psoriasis inpatients but not in outpatients. Eur J Epidemiol 2004; 19: 225–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelfand J. M., Neimann A. L., Shin D. B., Wang X., Margolis D. J., Troxel A. B. Risk of myocardial infarction in patients with psoriasis. JAMA 2006; 296: 1735–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallbris L., Granath F., Hamsten A., Stahle M. Psoriasis is associated with lipid abnormalities at the onset of skin disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54: 614–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ena P., Madeddu P., Glorioso N., Cerimele D., Rappelli A. High prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and enhanced activity of the renin‐angiotensin system in psoriatic patients. Acta Cardiol 1985; 40: 199–205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neimann A. L., Shin D. B., Wang X., Margolis D. J., Troxel A. B., Gelfand J. M. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55: 829–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002; 106: 3143–421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy S. M., Cleeman J. I., Daniels S. R., Donato K. A., Eckel R. H., Franklin B. A., et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 2005; 112: 2735–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy S. M. Metabolic syndrome: Connecting and reconciling cardiovascular and diabetes worlds. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47: 1093–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy S. M. Drug therapy of the metabolic syndrome: Minimizing the emerging crisis in polypharmacy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5: 295–309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. World Health Organization: Definition, Diagnosis, and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: Report of a WHO consultation. Geneva, WHO 1999
   Google Scholar
• Park H. S., Park J. Y., Yu R. Relationship of obesity and visceral adiposity with serum concentrations of CRP, TNF‐alpha and IL‐6. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005; 69: 29–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panagiotakos D. B., Pitsavos C., Yannakoulia M., Chrysohoou C., Stefanadis C. The implication of obesity and central fat on markers of chronic inflammation: The ATTICA study. Atherosclerosis 2005; 183: 308–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vettor R., Milan G., Rossato M., Federspil G. Review article: Adipocytokines and insulin resistance. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 22((suppl 2))3–10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Franks P. W., Brage S., Luan J., Ekelund U., Rahman M., Farooqi I. S., et al. Leptin predicts a worsening of the features of the metabolic syndrome independently of obesity. Obes Res 2005; 13: 1476–84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Correia M. L., Rahmouni K. Role of leptin in the cardiovascular and endocrine complications of metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Obes Metab 2006; 8: 603–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mojiminiyi O. A., Abdella N. A., Al Arouj M., Ben Nakhi A. Adiponectin, insulin resistance and clinical expression of the metabolic syndrome in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 3: 213–20
   Google Scholar
• Patel D. A., Srinivasan S. R., Xu J. H., Chen W., Berenson G. S. Adiponectin and its correlates of cardiovascular risk in young adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Metabolism 2006; 55: 1551–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford E. S. Risks for all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes associated with the metabolic syndrome: A summary of the evidence. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 1769–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laaksonen D. E., Lakka H. M., Niskanen L. K., Kaplan G. A., Salonen J. T., Lakka T. A. Metabolic syndrome and development of diabetes mellitus: Application and validation of recently suggested definitions of the metabolic syndrome in a prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156: 1070–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isomaa B., Almgren P., Tuomi T., Forsen B., Lahti K., Nissen M., et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 683–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen A. D., Gilutz H., Shapiro J., Vardy D. A. Association between psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome. Meeting abstracts. Presented at 15th Congress of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology;, RhodosGreece, Oct 4–8 2006
   Google Scholar
• Sato R., Piercy J., Kay S., Walker S., Singh A. Higher psoriasis disease severity is associated with increased co‐morbidities in Europe. Meeting abstracts. Presented at 15th Congress of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology;, RhodosGreece, Oct 4–8 2006
   Google Scholar
• Marino M. G., Carboni I., De Felice C., Maurici M., Maccari F., Franco E. Risk factors for psoriasis: A retrospective study on 501 outpatients' clinical records. Ann Ig 2004; 16: 753–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raychaudhuri S. P., Gross J. Psoriasis risk factors: Role of lifestyle practices. Cutis 2000; 66: 348–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herron M. D., Hinckley M., Hoffman M. S., Papenfuss J., Hansen C. B., Callis K. P., et al. Impact of obesity and smoking on psoriasis presentation and management. Arch Dermatol 2005; 141: 1527–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naldi L., Chatenoud L., Linder D., Belloni Fortina A., Peserico A., Virgili A. R., et al. Cigarette smoking, body mass index, and stressful life events as risk factors for psoriasis: Results from an Italian case–control study. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 125: 61–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piskin S., Gurkok F., Ekuklu G., Senol M. Serum lipid levels in psoriasis. Yonsei Med J 2003; 44: 24–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanizor Kural B., Orem A., Cimsit G., Yandi Y. E., Calapoglu M. Evaluation of the atherogenic tendency of lipids and lipoprotein content and their relationships with oxidant‐antioxidant system in patients with psoriasis. Clin Chim Acta 2003; 328: 71–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynoso‐von Drateln C., Martinez‐Abundis E., Balcazar‐Munoz B. R., Bustos‐Saldana R., Gonzalez‐Ortiz M. Lipid profile, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity in psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 48: 882–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Offidani A. M., Ferretti G., Taus M., Simonetti O., Dousset N., Valdiguie P., et al. Lipoprotein peroxidation in adult psoriatic patients. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1994; 186: 38–40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orem A., Cimsit G., Deger O., Orem C., Vanizor B. The significance of autoantibodies against oxidatively modified low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with psoriasis. Clin Chim Acta 1999; 284: 81–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietrzak A., Lecewicz‐Torun B. Activity of serum lipase [EC 3.1.1.3] and the diversity of serum lipid profile in psoriasis. Med Sci Monit 2002; 8: CR9–13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rocha‐Pereira P., Santos‐Silva A., Rebelo I., Figueiredo A., Quintanilha A., Teixeira F. Dislipidemia and oxidative stress in mild and in severe psoriasis as a risk for cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 303: 33–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seckin D., Tokgozoglu L., Akkaya S. Are lipoprotein profile and lipoprotein (a) levels altered in men with psoriasis?. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 31((3 Pt 1))445–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seishima M., Seishima M., Mori S., Noma A. Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 1994; 130: 738–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uyanik B. S., Ari Z., Onur E., Gunduz K., Tanulku S., Durkan K. Serum lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with psoriasis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002; 40: 65–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vahlquist C., Michaelsson G., Vessby B. Serum lipoproteins in middle‐aged men with psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol 1987; 67: 12–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cimsit G., Orem A., Deger O., Alpay K., Kiran E., Orem C. The variation of serum lipoprotein (a) level with disease activity in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 1998; 138: 917–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez A. A., Rodriguez P. G., Antunez P. A., Cristobal Gil M. C., Gonzalez F. U., Perez A. G. Serum levels of apolipoproteins AI, AII, and B in psoriasis. Dermatologica 1989; 179: 200–1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones S. M., Harris C. P., Lloyd J., Stirling C. A., Reckless J. P., McHugh N. J. Lipoproteins and their subfractions in psoriatic arthritis: Identification of an atherogenic profile with active joint disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2000; 59: 904–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindegard B. Diseases associated with psoriasis in a general population of 159,200 middle‐aged, urban, native Swedes. Dermatologica 1986; 172: 298–304
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Das U. N. Is angiotensin‐II an endogenous pro‐inflammatory molecule?. Med Sci Monit 2005; 11: RA155–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryder K. W., Epinette W. W., Jay S. J., Ransburg R. C., Glick M. R. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in patients with psoriasis. Clin Chim Acta 1985; 153: 143–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huskic J., Alendar F., Matavulj A., Ostoic L. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme in patients with psoriasis. Med Arh 2004; 58: 202–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brenelli S. L., Moraes A. M., Monte‐Alegre S., Carvalho O. M., Saad M. J. Insulin resistance in psoriasis. Braz J Med Biol Res 1995; 28: 297–301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grzybowski G., Fafara I., Zaba R., Wierusz‐Wysocka B. [Evaluation of glucose, insulin, C‐peptide uric acid serum levels in patients with psoriasis]. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2001; 11: 495–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ucak S., Ekmekci T. R., Basat O., Koslu A., Altuntas Y. Comparison of various insulin sensitivity indices in psoriatic patients and their relationship with type of psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006; 20: 517–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wach B., Holzmann H., Morsches B., Abunaba A., Krause U., Beyer J. [Glucose assimilation, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in psoriasis patients]. Z Hautkr 1980; 55: 421–32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ford E. S., Williamson D. F., Liu S. Weight change and diabetes incidence: findings from a national cohort of US adults. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146: 214–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr D. B., Utzschneider K. M., Hull R. L., Kodama K., Retzlaff B. M., Brunzell J. D., et al. Intra‐abdominal fat is a major determinant of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes 2004; 53: 2087–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson R. L., Imperatore G., Bennett P. H., Knowler W. C. Components of the ‘metabolic syndrome’ and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002; 51: 3120–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh‐Banerjee P., Wang Y., Hu F. B., Spiegelman D., Willett W. C., Rimm E. B. Changes in body weight and body fat distribution as risk factors for clinical diabetes in US men. Am J Epidemiol 2004; 159: 1150–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wannamethee S. G., Shaper A. G., Walker M. Overweight and obesity and weight change in middle aged men: Impact on cardiovascular disease and diabetes. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005; 59: 134–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy S. M., Brewer H. B., Jr., Cleeman J. I., Smith S. C., Jr., Lenfant C. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation 2004; 109: 433–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chodorowska G., Wojnowska D., Juszkiewicz‐Borowiec M. ctive protein and alpha2‐macroglobulin plasma activity in medium–severe and severe psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004; 18: 180–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen H. J., Christensen I. J., Svendsen M. N., Hansen U., Werther K., Brunner N., et al. Elevated plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 decrease during improvement of psoriasis. Inflamm Res 2002; 51: 563–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocha‐Pereira P., Santos‐Silva A., Rebelo I., Figueiredo A., Quintanilha A., Teixeira F. The inflammatory response in mild and in severe psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150: 917–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanizor Kural B., Orem A., Cimsit G., Uydu H. A., Yandi Y. E., Alver A. Plasma homocysteine and its relationships with atherothrombotic markers in psoriatic patients. Clin Chim Acta 2003; 332: 23–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik S., Wong N. D., Franklin S., Pio J., Fairchild C., Chen R. Cardiovascular disease in U.S. patients with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and elevated C‐reactive protein. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 690–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker P. M., Rifai N., Cook N. R., Bradwin G., Buring J. E. Non‐HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins A‐I and B100, standard lipid measures, lipid ratios, and CRP as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women. JAMA 2005; 294: 326–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee Y. H., Pratley R. E. The evolving role of inflammation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Diab Rep 2005; 5: 70–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dixit V. D., Schaffer E. M., Pyle R. S., Collins G. D., Sakthivel S. K., Palaniappan R., et al. Ghrelin inhibits leptin‐ and activation‐induced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells. J Clin Invest 2004; 114: 57–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lappas M., Permezel M., Rice G. E. Leptin and adiponectin stimulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins from human placenta and maternal adipose tissue via nuclear factor‐kappaB, peroxisomal proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma and extracellularly regulated kinase 1/2. Endocrinology 2005; 146: 3334–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matarese G., Di Giacomo A., Sanna V., Lord G. M., Howard J. K., Di Tuoro A., et al. Requirement for leptin in the induction and progression of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 2001; 166: 5909–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruan H., Miles P. D., Ladd C. M., Ross K., Golub T. R., Olefsky J. M., et al. Profiling gene transcription in vivo reveals adipose tissue as an immediate target of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha: implications for insulin resistance. Diabetes 2002; 51: 3176–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez‐Real J. M., Gutierrez C., Ricart W., Castineira M. J., Vendrell J., Richart C. Plasma levels of the soluble fraction of tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 are independent determinants of plasma cholesterol and LDL‐cholesterol concentrations in healthy subjects. Atherosclerosis 1999; 146: 321–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuliani G., Volpato S., Ble A., Bandinelli S., Corsi A. M., Lauretani F., et al. High interleukin‐6 plasma levels are associated with low HDL‐C levels in community‐dwelling older adults: The InChianti study. Atherosclerosis 2007; 192: 384–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritsche K. Fatty acids as modulators of the immune response. Annu Rev Nutr 2006; 26: 45–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J. Y., Hwang D. H. The modulation of inflammatory gene expression by lipids: Mediation through Toll‐like receptors. Mol Cells 2006; 21: 174–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harbige L. S. Fatty acids, the immune response, and autoimmunity: A question of n‐6 essentiality and the balance between n‐6 and n‐3. Lipids 2003; 38: 323–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger D., Dayer J. M. High‐density lipoprotein‐associated apolipoprotein A‐I: The missing link between infection and chronic inflammation?. Autoimmun Rev 2002; 1: 111–17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Furumoto H., Arai H., Kuramitsu Y., Saeki Y., Gondo T., Ishihara T., et al. Lipoproteins modulate growth and differentiation of cultured human epidermal keratinocytes. Electrophoresis 2002; 23: 161–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Halm V. P., Nielen M. M., Nurmohamed M. T., van Schaardenburg D., Reesink H. W., Voskuyl A. E., et al. Lipids and inflammation – serial measurements of the lipid profile of blood donors who later developed rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis Jun 7 2006, [Epub ahead of print]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgiadis A. N., Papavasiliou E. C., Lourida E. S., Alamanos Y., Kostara C., Tselepis A. D., et al. Atherogenic lipid profile is a feature characteristic of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: Effect of early treatment – a prospective, controlled study. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8: R82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dessein P. H., Joffe B. I. Insulin resistance and impaired beta cell function in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54: 2765–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Magadmi M., Ahmad Y., Turkie W., Yates A. P., Sheikh N., Bernstein R. M., et al. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2006; 33: 50–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borst S. E. The role of TNF‐alpha in insulin resistance. Endocrine 2004; 23: 177–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruan H., Hacohen N., Golub T. R., Van Parijs L., Lodish H. F. Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha suppresses adipocyte‐specific genes and activates expression of preadipocyte genes in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes: Nuclear factor‐kappaB activation by TNF‐alpha is obligatory. Diabetes 2002; 51: 1319–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uysal K. T., Wiesbrock S. M., Marino M. W., Hotamisligil G. S. Protection from obesity‐induced insulin resistance in mice lacking TNF‐alpha function. Nature 1997; 389: 610–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krogh‐Madsen R., Plomgaard P., Moller K., Mittendorfer B., Pedersen B. K. Influence of TNF‐alpha and IL‐6 infusions on insulin sensitivity and expression of IL‐18 in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 291: E108–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez‐Real J. M., Gutierrez C., Ricart W., Casamitjana R., Fernandez‐Castaner M., Vendrell J., et al. The TNF‐alpha gene Nco I polymorphism influences the relationship among insulin resistance, percent body fat, and increased serum leptin levels. Diabetes 1997; 46: 1468–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wybrańska I., Malczewska‐Malec M., Niedbal S., Naskalski J. W., Dembińska‐Kieć A. The TNF‐alpha gene NcoI polymorphism at position −308 of the promoter influences insulin resistance, and increases serum triglycerides after postprandial lipaemia in familiar obesity. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41: 501–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos S. P., Baumann H. Insulin is a prominent modulator of the cytokine‐stimulated expression of acute‐phase plasma protein genes. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12: 1789–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez‐Real J. M., Grasa M., Casamitjana R., Ricart W. The insulin resistance syndrome and the binding capacity of cortisol binding globulin (CBG) in men and women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000; 52: 93–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang M. The role of glucocorticoid action in the pathophysiology of the Metabolic Syndrome. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2005; 2: 3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kershaw E. E., Flier J. S. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 2548–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckel R. H., Grundy S. M., Zimmet P. Z. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005; 365: 1415–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boden G. Free fatty acids – the link between obesity and insulin resistance. Endocr Pract 2001; 7: 44–51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Senn J. J., Klover P. J., Nowak I. A., Mooney R. A. Interleukin‐6 induces cellular insulin resistance in hepatocytes. Diabetes 2002; 51: 3391–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senn J. J., Klover P. J., Nowak I. A., Zimmers T. A., Koniaris L. G., Furlanetto R. W., et al. Suppressor of cytokine signaling‐3 (SOCS‐3), a potential mediator of interleukin‐6‐dependent insulin resistance in hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 13 740–6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivashchenko Y., Kramer F., Schafer S., Bucher A., Veit K., Hombach V., et al. Protein kinase C pathway is involved in transcriptional regulation of C‐reactive protein synthesis in human hepatocytes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25: 186–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman R. N., Kim S. P., Catalano K. J., Hsu I. R., Chiu J. D., Kabir M., et al. Why visceral fat is bad: Mechanisms of the metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14((suppl 1))16S–19S
   Google Scholar
• Ouchi N., Kihara S., Arita Y., Nishida M., Matsuyama A., Okamoto Y., et al. Adipocyte‐derived plasma protein, adiponectin, suppresses lipid accumulation and class A scavenger receptor expression in human monocyte‐derived macrophages. Circulation 2001; 103: 1057–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cote M., Mauriege P., Bergeron J., Almeras N., Tremblay A., Lemieux I., et al. Adiponectinemia in visceral obesity: Impact on glucose tolerance and plasma lipoprotein and lipid levels in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 1434–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamauchi T., Kamon J., Waki H., Terauchi Y., Kubota N., Hara K., et al. The fat‐derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nat Med 2001; 7: 941–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cnop M., Havel P. J., Utzschneider K. M., Carr D. B., Sinha M. K., Boyko E. J., et al. Relationship of adiponectin to body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and plasma lipoproteins: Evidence for independent roles of age and sex. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 459–69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokota T., Oritani K., Takahashi I., Ishikawa J., Matsuyama A., Ouchi N., et al. Adiponectin, a new member of the family of soluble defense collagens, negatively regulates the growth of myelomonocytic progenitors and the functions of macrophages. Blood 2000; 96: 1723–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rucevic I., Perl A., Barisic‐Drusko V., Adam‐Perl M. The role of the low energy diet in psoriasis vulgaris treatment. Coll Antropol 2003; 27((suppl 1))41–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ginsburg I. H., Link B. G. Psychosocial consequences of rejection and stigma feelings in psoriasis patients. Int J Dermatol 1993; 32: 587–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta M. A., Gupta A. K. Psoriasis and sex: A study of moderately to severely affected patients. Int J Dermatol 1997; 36: 259–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortes C., Mastroeni S., Leffondre K., Sampogna F., Melchi F., Mazzotti E., et al. Relationship between smoking and the clinical severity of psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 2005; 141: 1580–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poikolainen K., Reunala T., Karvonen J. Smoking, alcohol and life events related to psoriasis among women. Br J Dermatol 1994; 130: 473–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poikolainen K., Reunala T., Karvonen J., Lauharanta J., Karkkainen P. Alcohol intake: A risk factor for psoriasis in young and middle aged men?. BMJ 1990; 300: 780–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins E. M., Peters T. J., du Vivier A. W. Smoking, drinking and psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 1993; 129: 749–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta M. A., Schork N. J., Gupta A. K., Ellis C. N. Alcohol intake and treatment responsiveness of psoriasis: A prospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993; 28((5 Pt 1))730–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libby P. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83: 456S–60S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willerson J. T., Ridker P. M. Inflammation as a cardiovascular risk factor. Circulation 2004; 109((21 suppl 1))II2–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sattar N., McCarey D. W., Capell H., McInnes I. B. Explaining how ‘high‐grade’ systemic inflammation accelerates vascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation 2003; 108: 2957–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow M. H., Mikuls T. R. Rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease: The role of systemic inflammation and evolving strategies of prevention. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2005; 17: 234–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frostegard J. SLE, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. J Intern Med 2005; 257: 485–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez‐Gay M. A., Gonzalez‐Juanatey C., Martin J. Rheumatoid arthritis: A disease associated with accelerated atherogenesis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2005; 35: 8–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davi G., Falco A. Oxidant stress, inflammation and atherogenesis. Lupus 2005; 14: 760–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frostegard J. Autoimmunity, oxidized LDL and cardiovascular disease. Autoimmun Rev 2002; 1: 233–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 2002; 420: 868–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parthasarathy S., Steinberg D., Witztum J. L. The role of oxidized low‐density lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Annu Rev Med 1992; 43: 219–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li D., Chen H., Romeo F., Sawamura T., Saldeen T., Mehta J. L. Statins modulate oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐mediated adhesion molecule expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells: Role of LOX‐1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 302: 601–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbesyn F., Salvayre R., Negre‐Salvayre A. Dual role of oxidized LDL on the NF‐kappaB signaling pathway. Free Radic Res 2004; 38: 541–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maziere C., Auclair M., Maziere J. C. Tumor necrosis factor enhances low density lipoprotein oxidative modification by monocytes and endothelial cells. FEBS Lett 1994; 338: 43–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovinge S., Ares M. P., Kallin B., Nilsson J. Human monocytes/macrophages release TNF‐alpha in response to Ox‐LDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996; 16: 1573–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin R. C., Lentz S. R., Werstuck G. H. Role of hyperhomocysteinemia in endothelial dysfunction and atherothrombotic disease. Cell Death Differ 2004; 11((suppl 1))0, S56–64
   Google Scholar
• Boushey C. J., Beresford S. A., Omenn G. S., Motulsky A. G. A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes. JAMA 1995; 274: 1049–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke R., Daly L., Robinson K., Naughten E., Cahalane S., Fowler B., et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia: An independent risk factor for vascular disease. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1149–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham I. M., Daly L. E., Refsum H. M., Robinson K., Brattstrom L. E., Ueland P. M., et al. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. The European Concerted Action Project. JAMA 1997; 277: 1775–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thambyrajah J., Townend J. N. Homocysteine and atherothrombosis – mechanisms for injury. Eur Heart J 2000; 21: 967–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malerba M., Gisondi P., Radaeli A., Sala R., Calzavara Pinton P. G., Girolomoni G. Plasma homocysteine and folate levels in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2006; 155: 1165–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman S. R., Kimball A. B., Krueger G. G., Woolley J. M., Lalla D., Jahreis A. Etanercept improves the health‐related quality of life of patients with psoriasis: Results of a phase III randomized clinical trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53: 887–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman S. R., Gordon K. B., Bala M., Evans R., Li S., Dooley L. T., et al. Infliximab treatment results in significant improvement in the quality of life of patients with severe psoriasis: A double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152: 954–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mease P. J., Gladman D. D., Ritchlin C. T., Ruderman E. M., Steinfeld S. D., Choy E. H., et al. Adalimumab for the treatment of patients with moderately to severely active psoriatic arthritis: Results of a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52: 3279–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe F., Michaud K. Heart failure in rheumatoid arthritis: Rates, predictors, and the effect of anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapy. Am J Med 2004; 116: 305–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popa C., Netea M. G., Radstake T., Van der Meer J. W., Stalenhoef A. F., van Riel P. L., et al. Influence of anti‐tumour necrosis factor therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64: 303–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsson L. T., Turesson C., Gulfe A., Kapetanovic M. C., Petersson I. F., Saxne T., et al. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor blockers is associated with a lower incidence of first cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2005; 32: 1213–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein L. E., Berry J., Kim S., Canavan B., Grinspoon S. K. Effects of etanercept in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 902–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seriolo B., Paolino S., Sulli A., Fasciolo D., Cutolo M. Effects of anti‐TNF‐alpha treatment on lipid profile in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1069: 414–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vis M., Nurmohamed M. T., Wolbink G., Voskuyl A. E., de Koning M., van de Stadt R., et al. Short term effects of infliximab on the lipid profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2005; 32: 252–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlqvist S. R., Engstrand S., Berglin E., Johnson O. Conversion towards an atherogenic lipid profile in rheumatoid arthritis patients during long‐term infliximab therapy. Scand J Rheumatol 2006; 35: 107–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiortsis D. N., Mavridis A. K., Vasakos S., Nikas S. N., Drosos A. A. Effects of infliximab treatment on lipoprotein profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 2006; 33: 921–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allanore Y., Kahan A., Sellam J., Ekindjian O. G., Borderie D. Effects of repeated infliximab therapy on serum lipid profile in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 365: 143–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cauza E., Cauza K., Hanusch‐Enserer U., Etemad M., Dunky A., Kostner K. Intravenous anti TNF‐alpha antibody therapy leads to elevated triglyceride and reduced HDL‐cholesterol levels in patients with rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2002; 114: 1004–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spanakis E., Sidiropoulos P., Papadakis J., Ganotakis E., Katsikas G., Karvounaris S., et al. Modest but sustained increase of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with inflammatory arthritides treated with infliximab. J Rheumatol 2006; 33: 2440–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez‐Gay M. A., De Matias J. M., Gonzalez‐Juanatey C., Garcia‐Porrua C., Sanchez‐Andrade A., Martin J., et al. Anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐alpha blockade improves insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006; 24: 83–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiortsis D. N., Mavridis A. K., Vasakos S., Nikas S. N., Drosos A. A. Effects of infliximab treatment on insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64: 765–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazdani‐Biuki B., Stelzl H., Brezinschek H. P., Hermann J., Mueller T., Krippl P., et al. Improvement of insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant subjects during prolonged treatment with the anti‐TNF‐alpha antibody infliximab. Eur J Clin Invest 2004; 34: 641–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardillo C., Schinzari F., Mores N., Mettimano M., Melina D., Zoli A., et al. Intravascular tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade reverses endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006; 80: 275–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurlimann D., Forster A., Noll G., Enseleit F., Chenevard R., Distler O., et al. Anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐alpha treatment improves endothelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation 2002; 106: 2184–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maki‐Petaja K. M., Hall F. C., Booth A. D., Wallace S. M., Yasmin, Bearcroft P. W., et al. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with increased aortic pulse‐wave velocity, which is reduced by anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐alpha therapy. Circulation 2006; 114: 1185–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez‐Juanatey C., Llorca J., Sanchez‐Andrade A., Garcia‐Porrua C., Martin J., Gonzalez‐Gay M. A. Short‐term adalimumab therapy improves endothelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to infliximab. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006; 24: 309–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez‐Juanatey C., Testa A., Garcia‐Castelo A., Garcia‐Porrua C., Llorca J., Gonzalez‐Gay M. A. Active but transient improvement of endothelial function in rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing long‐term treatment with anti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 51: 447–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klimiuk P. A., Sierakowski S., Domyslawska I., Fiedorczyk M., Chwiecko J. Reduction of soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM‐1, sVCAM‐1, and sE‐selectin) and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in serum of rheumatoid arthritis patients following multiple intravenous infusions of infliximab. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2004; 52: 36–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez‐Gay M. A., Garcia‐Unzueta M. T., De Matias J. M., Gonzalez‐Juanatey C., Garcia‐Porrua C., Sanchez‐Andrade A., et al. Influence of anti‐TNF‐alpha infliximab therapy on adhesion molecules associated with atherogenesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006; 24: 373–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar