563
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Technical Report

Effective atomic number of soft tissue, water and air for interaction of various hadrons, leptons and isotopes of hydrogen

Pages 1299-1305 | Received 26 Aug 2016, Accepted 02 Oct 2017, Published online: 02 Nov 2017

References

  • AAPM. 2004. Tissue inhomogeneity corrections for megavoltage photon beams. AAPM report 85. Report of the AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 65. Madison, WI: Medical Physics Publication.
  • Ahmed N, Fleming DEB, Wilkie D, O’Meara JM. 2006. Effects of overlying soft tissue on X-ray fluorescence bone lead measurement uncertainty. Radiat Phys Chem. 75:1–6.
  • Akhlaghi P, Hakimabad HM, Motavalli LR. 2015. Determination of tissue equivalent materials of a physical 8-year-old phantom for use in computed tomography. Radiat Phys Chem. 112:169–176.
  • Angha N. 2004. Muon radiation therapy. US Patent US6705984 B1.
  • Ankenbrandt CM, et al. 1998. Status of Muon Collider Research and Development and Future Plans, Fermilab-Pub-98/179.
  • Aslam A, Kakakhel MB, Shahid SA, Younas L, Zareen S. 2016. Soft tissue and water substitutes for megavoltage photon beams: an EGSnrc-based evaluation. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 17:408–415.
  • Beddar S. 2016. Scintillation dosimetry. Luc Beaulieu, by CRC Press Reference – 416 Pages –24 Color & 248 B/W Illustrations ISBN 9781482208993 – CAT# K21616 Series: Imaging in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy.
  • Berger MJ, Coursey JS, Zucker MA, Chang J. 2005. ESTAR, PSTAR, and ASTAR: Computer Programs for Calculating Stopping-Power and Range Tables for Electrons, Protons, and Helium Ions (version 1.2.3). [Online] Available: http://physics.nist.gov/Star. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. Originally published as: Berger, M.J., NISTIR 4999, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (1993).
  • Bethe HA. 1930. Zur Theorie des Durchgangs schneller Korpuskularstrahlen durch Materie. Ann Phys. 5:325.
  • Borcia C, Mihailescu D. 2008. Are water-equivalent materials used in electron beams dosimetry really water equivalent. Rom J Phys. 53:851–863.
  • Dosanjh M, Hoffmann HF, Magrin G. 2007. Status of hadron therapy in Europe and the role of ENLIGHT. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys A. 571:191–194.
  • Fisher RF. 2006. Tissue Equivalent Phantoms for Evaluating In-Plane Tube Current Modulated CT Dose and Image Quality [MS thesis]. FL: University of Florida; p. 1–78.
  • Foote RL, Grado GL, Buskirk SJ, Olsen KD, Bonner JA, Earle JD, Kasperbauer JL, McCaffrey TV, Suman VJ. 1996. Radiation therapy for glottis cancer using 6-MV photons. Cancer. 77:381–386.
  • Hill R, Kuncic Z, Baldock C. 2010. The water equivalence of solid phantoms for low energy photon beams. Med Phys. 37:4355–4363.
  • Hintenlang DE, Moloney WE, Winslow J. 2010. 2. Physical phantoms for experimental radiation dosimetry. In: Xu XG, Eckerman KF. editors. Handbook of anatomical models for radiation dosimetry. New York: Taylor and Francis; p. 389–409.
  • ICRU. 1984. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. ICRU Report 37, Stopping Powers for Electrons and Positrons.
  • ICRU. 1993. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. ICRU Report 49, Stopping Powers for protons and alpha particles.
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 2014. World cancer report 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Jakob B, Rudolph JH, Gueven N, Lavin MF, Taucher-Scholz G. 2005. Live cell imaging of heavy-ion-induced radiation responses by beam line microscopy. Radiat Res. 163:681–690.
  • Kanematsu N, Inaniwa T, Koba Y. 2012. Relationship between electron density and effective densities of body tissues for stopping, scattering, and nuclear interactions of proton and ion beams. Med Phys. 39:1016–1020.
  • Kramer SL, Moffett DR, Martin RL, Colton EP, Steward VW. 1980. Proton imaging for medical applications. Radiology. 135:485–494.
  • Kurudirek M. 2014. Effective atomic numbers and electron densities of some human tissues and dosimetric materials for mean energies of various radiation sources relevant to radiotherapy and medical applications. Radiat Phys Chem. 102:139–146.
  • Kurudirek M. 2015. Studies on heavy charged particle interaction, water equivalence and Monte Carlo simulation in some gel dosimeters, water, human tissues and water phantoms. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys A. 795:239–252.
  • Kurudirek M, Onaran T. 2015. Calculation of effective atomic number and electron density of essential biomolecules for electron, proton, alpha particle and multi-energetic photon interactions. Radiat Phys Chem. 112:125–138.
  • Lodge M, Pijls-Johannesma M, Stirk L, Munro AJ, De Ruysscher D, Jefferson T. 2007. A systematic literature review of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of hadron therapy in cancer. Radiother Oncol. 83:110–122.
  • Mokhov NV, Van Ginneken A. 1999. Muons versus Hadrons for Radiotherapy IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference, New York, vol. 4; p. 2525–2527 doi: 10.1109/PAC.1999.792754.
  • Naydenov SV, Ryzhikov VD, Smith CF. 2004. Direct reconstruction of the effective atomic number of materials by the method of multi-energy radiography. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A. 215:552–560.
  • Petti PL, Lennox AJ. 1994. Hadronic Radiotherapy. Annu Rev Nucl Part Sci. 44:155–197.
  • Tai H, Bichsel S, Wilson JV, Shinn JL, Cucinotta FA, Badavi FF. 1997. Comparison of Stopping Power and Range Databases for Radiation Transport Study. NASA Technical Paper 3644, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199.
  • Thwaites D. 1985. Measurements of ionisation in water, polystyrene and a solid water phantom material for electron beams. Phys Med Biol. 30:41–53.
  • Yohannes I, Kolditz D, Langner O, Kalender WA. 2012. A formulation of tissue- and water-equivalent materials using the stoichiometric analysis method for CT-number calibration in radiotherapy treatment planning. Phys Med Biol. 57:1173–1190.
  • Ziegler JF, Manoyan JM. 1988. The stopping of ions in compounds. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B. 35:215–228.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.