References
- Adams G.E., McNaughton G.S., Michael B.D. Pulse radiolysis of sulphur compounds. Part 2 Free radical ‘repair’ by hydrogen transfer from sulphydryl compounds. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1968; 64: 902–910
- Alexander P., Charlesby A. Physico-chemical methods of protection against ionizing radiations. Radiobiology Symposium, Z.M. Bacq, P. Alexander. Butterworths Ltd, London 1954; 49–58
- Alper T. Cellular Radiobiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1979
- Alper T., Howard-Flanders P. Role of oxygen in modifying the radiosensitivity of E. coli B. Nature 1956; 178: 978–979
- Alvarez V., Cobrenos G., Heras A., Lopez Zumel C. Studies on cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) as a radiosensitizer. British Journal of Cancer 1978; 37(III)68–72
- Appleby A., Schwarz H.A. Radical and molecular yields in water irradiated by gamma rays and heavy ions. Journal of Physical Chemistry 1969; 73: 1937–1937
- Asmus K.-D. Sulfer centred free radicals. Radioprotectors and Anticarcinogens, O.F. Nygaard, M.G. Simic. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1983; 23–42
- Baker M.Z., Badiello R., Tamba M., Quintilliani M., Gorin G. Pulse radiolytic study of hydrogen transfer from glutathione to organic radicals. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1982; 41: 595–602
- Biaglow J.E., Bump E.A., Varnes M.E. Mechanism for enhanced radiation response for misonidazole in combination with thiol removing agents. Radiation Research 1982; 91: 381–381
- Bump E.A., Yu N.Y., Brown J.M. Radiosensitization of hypoxic tumor cells by depletion of intracellular glutathione. Science 1982; 217: 544–545
- Chapman J.D., Dugle D.L., Reuvers A.P., Meeder B.E., Borsa J. Studies on the radiosensitizing effect of oxygen in Chinese hamster cells. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1974; 26: 383–389
- Chapman J.D., Gillespie C.J., Reuvers A.P., Dugle D.L. Radioprotectors, radiosensitizers, and the shape of the mammalian cell survival curve. Cell Survival After Low Doses of Radiation, T. Alper. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester 1975; 135–140
- Chatterjee A., Magee J.L. Radiation chemistry of heavy particle tracks. Journal of Physical Chemistry 1980; 84: 3537–3537
- Cullen B. A transient change in the radiosensitivity of mammalian cells resulting from a change in the pre-irradiation culture conditions. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1972; 21: 583–594
- Cullen B., Lansley I. The effect of pre-irradiation growth conditions on the relative radiosensitivities of mammalian cells at low oxygen concentrations. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1974; 26: 579–588
- Cullen B.M., Michalowski A., Walker H.C., Révész L. Correlation between the radiobiological constant, K, and the non-protein sulphydryl content of mammalian cells. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1980; 38: 525–535
- Curtis S.B. Ideas on the unification of radiobiological theories. Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Microdosimetry. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg 1983; 527–536
- Dertinger H., Jung H. Molecular Radiation Biology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1970
- Deschavanne P.J., Midander J., Malaise E.P., Révész L. Radioprotective effect of cysteamine in glutathione deficient cells. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1986; 49: 85–101
- Edgren M., Révész L., Larsson A. Induction and repair of single-strand DNA breaks after X-irradiation of human fibroblasts deficient in glutathione. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1981; 40: 355–363
- Edgren M., Modig H., Révész L. Radioprotection of glutathione-deficient cells by thiol-compounds. Problems of Natural and Modified Radiosensitivity, M.M. Konstantinova, A.M. Kuzin. Nauka, Moscow 1983; 220–226
- Edgren M., Nishidai T., Scott O.C.A., Révész L. Combined effect of misonidazole and glutathione depletion by buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) on cellular radiation response. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1985; 47: 463–474
- Ellman G.L. Tissue sulphydryl groups. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1959; 82: 70–77
- Ewing D., Powers E.L. Irradiation of bacterial spores in water: three classes of oxygen dependent damage. Science 1976; 194: 1049–1051
- Greenstock C.L., Biaglow J.E., Durand R.E. Effects of sensitizers on cell respiration: II. The effects of hypoxic cell sensitizers on oxygen utilization in cellular and chemical models. British Journal of Cancer 1978; 37(III)11–15
- Griffith O.W., Meister A. Potent and specific inhibition of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine (S-n-butyl homocysteine sulfoximine). Journal of Biological Chemistry 1979; 254: 7558–7560
- Harris J.W. Non-protein sulfhydryl content of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells exposed to hyperbaric oxygen or X-irradiation. Experimental Cell Research 1968; 50: 293–305
- Harris J.W., Phillips T.L. Radiobiological and biochemical studies of thiophosphate radioprotective compounds related to cysteamine. Radiation Research 1971; 46: 362–379
- Held K.D., Harrop H.A., Michael B.D. Effects of oxygen and sulphydryl-containing compounds on irradiated transforming DNA. Part 1. Actions of dithiothreitol. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1981; 40: 613–622
- Held K.D., Harrop H.A., Michael B.D. Effects of oxygen and sulphydryl-containing compounds on irradiated transforming DNA. II. Glutathione, cysteine and cysteamine. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1984 a; 45: 615–626
- Held K.D., Harrop H.A., Michael B.D. Effects of oxygen and sulphydryl-containing compounds on irradiated transforming DNA. III. Reaction rates. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1984 b; 45: 627–636
- Hesslewood I.P. DNA strand breaks in resistant and sensitive murine lymphoma cells by the hydroxyapatite chromatographic technique. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1978; 34: 461–469
- Kapp D.S., Smith K.C. Chemical nature of chain breaks produced in DNA by X-irradiation in vitro. Radiation Research 1970; 42: 34–49
- Koch C.J., Howell R.L. Combined radiation-protective and radiationsensitizing agents. II. Radiosensitivity of hypoxic or aerobic Chinese hamster fibroblasts in the presence of cysteamine and misonidazole: Implications for the ‘oxygen effect’. Radiation Research 1981; 87: 265–283
- Koch C.J. Competition between radiation protectors and radiation sensitizers in mammalian cells. Radioprotectors and Anticarcinogens, O.F. Nygaard, M.G. Simic. Academic Press, New York 1983; 275–296
- Koch C.J., Stobbe C.C., Bump E.A. The effect on the Km for radiosensitization at 0°C of thiol depletion by diethylmaleate pretreatment: Quantitative differences found using the radiation sensitizing agent misonidazole or oxygen. Radiation Research 1984; 98: 141–153
- Kuppermann A. Diffusion kinetics in radiation chemistry. Chemical and Biological Action of Radiation 1961; 5: 85–166
- Lindahl T. DNA repair enzymes. Annual Review of Biochemistry 1981; 51: 61–87
- Littbrand B., Révész L. Recovery from X-ray and the effect of oxygen. Nature 1964; 203: 889–889
- Littbrand B., Révész L. Radiation damage and repair in cysteamine treated cells. Acta Radiologica 1971; 10: 257–266
- Michael B.D., Harrop H.A., Maughan R.L., Patel K.B. A fast kinetics study of the modes of action of some different radiosensitizers in bacteria. British Journal of Cancer 1978; 37(Suppl. III)29–33
- Michael B.D., Harrop H.W., Maughan R.L. Radiation Research, S. Okada, M. Imamura, T. Terasima, H. Yamaguchi. Japanese Association for Radiation Research, Tokyo 1979; 288–296
- Michael B.D., Harrop H.A., Held K.E. Timescale and mechanisms of the oxygen effect in irradiated bacteria. Oxygen and Oxy-radicals in Chemistry and Biology, M.A.J. Rogers, E.L. Powers. Academic Press, New York 1981; 285–291
- Millar B.C., Fielden E.M., Steel J.J. A biphasic radiation survival response of mammalian cells to molecular oxygen. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1979; 36: 177–180
- Modig H.G. Interaction of cysteamine with the thiol and disulphide groups in deoxyribonucleoproteins. Biochemical Pharmacology 1973; 22: 1623–1631
- Modig H.G., Révész L. Non-protein sulphydryl and glutathione content of Ehrlich ascites rumor cells after treatment with the radioprotectors AET, cysteamine, and glutathione. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1967; 13: 469–475
- Myers L.S. Formation and reactions of free radicals produced by pulse radiolysis of nucleic acids and nucleic acid constituents. Radiation Research Annual Meeting 1971 Book of Abstracts. 1971, Abstract D6-4
- Nucifora G., Smaller B., Remko R., Avery E.C. Transient radicals of DNA bases by pulse radiolysis. Effects of cysteine and cysteamine as radioprotectors. Radiation Research 1972; 49: 96–111
- Ohara H., Terasima T. Variations of cellular sulfhydryl content during cell cycle of HeLa cells and its correlation to cyclic change of X-ray sensitivity. Experimental Cell Research 1969; 58: 182–185
- O'Neill P. Pulse radiolytic study of the interaction of thiols and ascorbate with OH adducts of dGMP and dG: Implications for DNA repair processes. Radiation Research 1983; 96: 198–210
- O'Neill P., Jenkins T.C., Fielden E.M. Interaction of oxygen and nitroxyls with radiation induced radicals of DNA and related bases in aqueous solution. Radiation Research 1980; 82: 55–61
- Palcic B., Brosing J.W., Skarsgard L.D. Survival measurements at low doses: oxygen enhancement ratio. British Journal of Cancer 1982; 46: 980–984
- Paterson M.C., Anderson A.K., Smith B.P., Smith P.J. Enhanced radiosensitivity of cultured fibroblasts from ataxia telangiectasia heterozygotes manifested by defective colony-forming ability and reduced DNA repair replication after hypoxic gamma-irradiation. Cancer Research 1979; 39: 3725–3734
- Powers E.L. Responses of cells to radiosensitizers: methods of analysis. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1982; 42: 629–651
- Redpath J.L. Pulse radiolysis of dithiothreitol. Radiation Research 1973; 54: 364–374
- Révész L. Studies with glutathione-deficient human cells. Radioprotectors and Anticarcinogens, O.F. Nygaard, M.G. Simic. Academic Press, New York 1983; 237–237
- Révész, L., Edgren, M. Mechanisms of radiosensitization and protection studied with glutathione-deficient human cell lines. Progress in Radio-Oncology II, K.H. Karcher, et al. Raven Press, New York 1982; 235–242
- Ritter M.A., Cleaver J.E., Tobias C.A. High LET radiation induces a large portion of non-rejoining breaks in mammalian cell DNA. Nature 1977; 266: 653–655
- Roots R., Okada S. Protection of DNA molecules of cultured mammalian cells from radiation-induced single-strand scissions by various alcohols and SH compounds. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1972; 21: 329–342
- Scholes G., Willson R.L., Ebert M. Pulse radiolysis of aqueous solutions of deoxyribonucleotides and of DNA: reactions with hydroxyl-radicals. Journal of the Chemical Society. Chemical Communications 1969; 17–18
- Schulte-Frohlinde D. Kinetics and mechanism of DNA strand breaks. Radioprotectors and Anticarcinogens, O.F. Nygaard, M.G. Simic. Academic Press, New York 1983
- Schulte-Frohlinde D. Oxygen and Oxy-radicals in Chemistry and Biology. 1984, (1984b), q.v.
- Skov K.A., Palcic B., Skarsgard L.D. Radiosensitization of mammalian cells by misonidazole and oxygen: DNA damage exposed by Micrococcus luteus enzymes. Radiation Research 1979; 79: 591–600
- Sörbo B. The effect of radioprotective agents on tissue nonprotein sulphydryl and disulphide levels. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1962; 98: 342–344
- Sparks B.G., Walker I.G. Acid-soluble sulphydryl compounds in L-cell during various conditions of growth. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry 1966; 44: 1159–1169
- Tobias C.A., Blakely E.A., Ngo F.Q.H., Yang T.C.H. The repair-misrepair model of cell survival. Radiation Biology in Cancer Research, R.E. Meyn, H.R. Withers. Raven Press, New York 1980; 195–230
- Todd P. Reversible and irreversible effects of densely ionizing radiations upon the reproductive capacity of cultured human cells. Medical College of Virginia Quarterly 1966; 1: 2–14
- Todd P. Nuclear protein thiol in cultured mammalian cells. Biochemical Journal 1968; 109: 25P–25P
- Town C.D., Smith K.C., Kaplan H.S. The repair of DNA single-strand breaks in E. coli K12 X-irradiated in the presence or absence of oxygen; the influence of repair on cell survival. Radiation Research 1973; 55: 334–345
- Ullrich M., Hagen U. Base liberation and concomitant reactions in irradiated DNA solutions. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1971; 19: 507–517
- Von Sonntag C., Hagen U., Schon-Bopp A., Schulte-Frohlinde D. Radiation-induced strand breaks in DNA: chemical and enzymatic analysis of end groups and mechanistic aspects. Advances in Radiation Biology 1981; 9: 109–142
- Ward J.F. Deoxynucleotides—models for studying mechanisms of strand breakage in DNA-I. Protection by sulphydryl copounds. International Journal of Radiation Physics and Chemistry 1971; 3: 239–249
- Willson R.L. The reaction of oxygen with radiation-induced free radicals in DNA and related compounds. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1970; 17: 349–358
- Willson R.L. Free radical repair mechanisms and the interactions of glutathione and vitamins C and E. Radioprotectors and Anticarcinogens, O.F. Nygaard, M.G. Simic. Academic Press, New York 1983; 1–22
- Willson R.L., Wardman P., Asmus K.-D. Interaction of dGMP radical with cysteamine and promethazine as possible model of DNA repair. Nature 1974; 252: 323–324
- Wold E., Brustad T. Reactions between nitroxyl free radicals and radiation-induced transients in nucleotides. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1973; 24: 153–160