A Role for Calcium in Regulating Apoptosis in Rat Thymocytes Irradiated in Vitro

References

• Allen T.D. Apoptosis. Perspectives on mammalian cell death, C.S. Potten. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1987; 39–65
   Google Scholar
• Alnemri E.S., Litwack G. Glucocorticoid-induced lymphocytolysis is not mediated by an induced endonuclease. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1989; 264: 4104–4111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry M.A., Behnke C.A., Eastman A. Activation of programmed cell death (apoptosis) by cisplatin, other anticancer drugs, toxins and hyperthermia. Biochemical Pharmacology 1990; 40: 2353–2362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter G.D., Smith P.J., Lavin M.F. Molecular changes associated with induction of cell death in a human T-cell leukemia line: Putative nucleases identified as histones. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1989; 162: 30–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boothman D.A., Bonvard J., Hughes E.N. Identification and characterization of x-ray-induced proteins in human cells. Cancer Research 1989; 49: 2871–2878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton K. A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochemistry Journal 1956; 62: 315–323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buttyan R., Zokes Z., Sachskins R., Wolgemoth D. Cascade induction of c-fos, c-myc, and heat shock 70K transcripts during regression of the rat ventral prostate gland. Problems of Endocrinology 1988; 2: 650–657
   Google Scholar
• Cohen J.J., Duke R.C. Glucocorticoid activation of calcium-dependent endonuclease in thymocyte nuclei leads to cell death. Journal of Immunology 1984; 132: 38–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compton M.M., Cidlowski J.A. Identification of a glucocorticoid-induced nuclease in thymocytes: a potential ‘lysis gene’ product. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1987; 262: 8288–8292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duke R.C., Chervenak R., Cohen J.J. Endogenous endonuclease-induced DNA fragmentation: an early event in cell-mediated cytolysis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 1983; 80: 6361–6365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duke R.C., Cohen J.J., Chervenak R. Differences in target cell DNA fragmentation induced by mouse cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1986; 137: 1442–1447
   Google Scholar
• Duvall E., Wyllie A.H. Death and the cell. Immunology Today 1986; 7: 115–119
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eidus L.Kh., Korystov Yu.N., Dobrovinskaja O.R., Shaposhnikova V.V. The mechanism of radiation-induced interphase death of lymphoid cells: a new hypothesis. Radiation Research 1990; 123: 17–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson D.J.P., Anderson T.J. Morphological evaluation of cell turnover in relation to the menstrual cycle in the ‘resting’ human breast. British Journal of Cancer 1981; 44: 177–181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornace A.J., Jr, Alamo J., Jr, Hollander M.C., Lamoreaux E. Ubiquitin mRNA is a major stress-induced transcript in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Research 1989; 17: 1215–1230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewish D.R., Burgoyne L.A. Chromatin substructure. The digestion of chromatin DNA at regularly spaced sites by a nuclear deoxyribonuclease. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1973; 52: 504–510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinchliffe J.R., Ede D.A. Cell death in the development of limb form and skeletal pattern in normal and wingless (ws) chick embryos. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 1973; 30: 753–772
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones D.P., McConkey D.J., Nicotera P., Orrenius S. Calcium-activated DNA fragmentation in rat liver nuclei. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1989; 264: 6398–6403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaminskas E., Li J.C. DNA Fragmentation in permeabilized cells and nuclei: the role of (Ca2+Mg2+)-dependent endodeoxyribonuclease. Biochemical Journal 1989; 261: 17–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufmann S.H. Induction of endonucleolytic DNA cleavage in human actute myelogenous leukemia cells by etoposide, camptothecin, and other cytotoxic anticancer drugs: a cautionary note. Cancer Research 1989; 49: 5870–5878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr J.F.R., Searle A. A suggested explanation for the paradoxically slow growth rate of basal-cell carcinomas that contain numerous mitotic figures. Journal of Pathology 1972; 107: 41–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr J.F.R., Wyllie A.H., Currie A.R. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide ranging implications in tissue kinetics. British Journal of Cancer 1972; 26: 239–257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr J.F.R., Searle J. Apoptosis: its nature and kinetic role. Radiation Biology in Cancer Research, R.E. Meyn, H.R. Withers. Raven Press, New York 1980; 367–384
   Google Scholar
• Kerr J.F.R., Harmon B., Searle J. An electron-microscope study of cell deletion in the anuran tadpole tail during spontaneous metamorphosis with special reference to apoptosis of striated muscle fibers. Journal of Cell Science 1974; 14: 571–585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConkey D.J., Chow S.C., Orrenius S., Jondal M. NK cell-induced cytotoxicity is dependent on a Ca2+ increase in the target. FASEB Journal 1990; 4: 2661–2664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConkey D.J., Nicotera P., Hartzell P., Bellomo G., Wyllie A.H., Orrenius S. Glucocorticoids activate a suicide process in thymocytes through an elevation of cytosolic Ca++ concentration. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1989a; 269: 365–370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConkey D.J., Hartzell P., Nicotera P., Orrenius S. Calcium-activated DNA fragmentation kills immature thymocytes. FASEB Journal 1989b; 3: 1843–1849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelipovich P.A., Nikonova L.V., Umansky S.R. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase as a possible reason for activation of Ca2+/Mg2+-dependent endonuclease in thymocytes of irradiated rats. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1988; 53: 749–465
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikonova L.V., Nelipovich P.A., Umansky S.R. The involvement of nuclear nucleases in rat thymocyte DNA fragmentation after γ-irradiation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1982; 699: 281–281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada S. Radiation-induced death. Radiation Biochemistry, K.I. Altman. Academic Press, New York 1970; 247–307
   Google Scholar
• Orrenius S., McConkey D.J., Bellomo G., Nicotera P. Role of Ca2+ in toxic cell killing. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 1989; 10: 281–285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrek R. Cinemicrographic observations and theoretical considerations on reactions of lymphocytes to x-rays. Radiology 1955; 65: 912–919
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Searle J., Lawson T.A., Abbot P.J., Harmon B., Kerr J.F.R. An electron-microscope study of the mode of cell death induced by cancer-chemotherapeutic agents in populations of proliferating normal and neoplastic cells. Journal of Pathology 1975; 116: 129–138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellins K.S., Cohen J.J. Gene induction by γ-irradiation leads to DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology 1987; 139: 3199–3206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soldatenkov V.A., Denisenko M.F., Khodarev N.N., Votrin I.I., Filippovich I.V. Early post-irradiation chromatin degradation in thymocytes. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1989; 55: 943–951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephens L.C., King G.K., Peters L.J., Ang K.K., Schultheiss T.E., Jardine J.H. Acute and late radiation injury in Rhesus monkey parotid glands: evidence of interphase cell death. American Journal of Pathology 1986; 124: 469–478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan N.F., Willis A.E. Elevation of c-myc proteins by DNA strand breakage. Oncogene 1989; 4: 1497–1502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsien R.Y. New calcium indicators and buffers with high selectivity against magnesium and protons: design, synthesis, and properties of prototype structures. Biochemistry 1980; 19: 2396–2404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vedeckis W.V., Bradshaw H.D., Jr. DNA fragmentation in S49 lymphoma cells killed with glucocorticoids and other agents. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1983; 30: 215–227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward J.F. The yield of DNA double-strand breaks produced intracellularly by ionizing radiation: a review. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1990; 57: 1141–1150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waring P., Kos F.J., Mülbacher A. Apoptosis or programmed cell death. Medicinal Research Reviews 1991; 11: 219–236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams G.T., Smith C.A., Spooncer E., Dexter T.M., Taylor D.R. Haemopoietic colony stimulating factors promote cell survival by suppressing apoptosis. Nature 1990; 343: 76–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woloschak G.E., Chang-Liu C-M., Shearin-Jones P. Regulation of protein kinase C by ionizing radiation. Cancer Research 1990; 50: 3963–3967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyllie A.H. The significance of apoptosis. International Review of Cytology 1980; 68: 251–306
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wyllie A.H. Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation. Nature 1980; 284: 555–556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyllie A.H., Kerr J.F.R., Currie A.R. Cell Death: The significance of apoptosis. International Review of Cytology 1980; 68: 251–306
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wyllie A.H. The biology of cell death in tumors. Anticancer Research 1985; 5: 131–136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada T., Ohyama H. Radiation-induced interphase death of rat thymocytes is internally programmed (apoptosis). International Journal of Radiation Biology 1988; 53: 65–75
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada T., Ohyama H., Kinjo Y., Watanabe M. Evidence for the internucleosomal breakage of chromatin in rat thymocytes irradiated in vitro. Radiation Research 1981; 85: 544–553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zotova R.N., Umansky S.R., Tokarskaya V.I. Mechanism of chromatin degradation in thymocytes of irradiated rats. Report 6: Postirradiation changes in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity. Radiobiologiya 1983; 23: 152–156
   PubMedGoogle Scholar