Induction of interleukin 6 by ionizing radiation in a human epithelial cell line: control by corticosteroids

References

• AKIRA, S., HIRANO, T., TAGA, T. and KISHIMOTO, T., 1990, Biology of multifunctional cytokines: IL 6 and related molecules (IL 1 and TNF). FA SE B Journal, 4, 2860–2867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AUPHAN, N., DIDONATO, J. A., ROSETTE, C., HELMBERG, A. and KARIN, M., 1995, Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: inhibition of NF-KB activity through induction of IKB synthesis. Science, 270, 286–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BAEUERLE, P. A. and HENKEL, T., 1994, Function and activation of NF-KB in the immune system. Annual Review of Immunology, 12, 141–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BAKER, W. H., LIMANNI, A., CHANG, C. M., JACKSON, W. E., SEEMANN, R. and PATCHEN, M. L., 1995, Comparison of interleukin-1 a gene expression and protein levels in the murine spleen after lethal and sublethal total-body irradi-ation. Radiation Research, 143, 320–326.
   Google Scholar
• BARTON, B. E., JAKWAY, J. P., SMITH, S. R. and SIEGEL, M. I., 1991, Cytokine inhibition by a novel steroid, mometasone furoate. immunopharmacology and Immunotoxico logy, 13, 251–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BELSITO, D. V., BAER, R. L., SCHULTZ, J. M. and THORBECKE, G. J., 1988, Relative lack of systemic effects of mometa-sone furoate on Langerhans cells of mice after topical administration as compared with other glucocorticostero - ids. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 91, 219–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOOTHMAN, D. A., LEE, I. W. and SAHIJDAK, W. M., 1994, Isolation of an X-ray-responsive element in the promoter region of tissue-type plasminogen activator: potential uses of X-ray-responsive elements for gene therapy. Radiation Research, 138, S68—S71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bos, J. D. and KAPSENBERG, M. L., 1993, The skin immune system: progress in cutaneous biology. Immunology Today, 14, 75–78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BRACH, M. A., GRUSS, H. J., KAISHO, T., ASANO, Y., HIRANO, T. and HERRMANN, F., 1993, Ionizing radiation induces expression of interleukin 6 by human fibroblasts involving activation of nuclear factor-KB. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268, 8466–8472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHAI, Z., GATTI, S., TONIATTI, C., POLI, V. and BARTFAI, T., 1996, Interleukin (IL)-6 gene expression in the central nervous system is necessary for fever response to lipopolis-accharide or IL-1/3: a study on IL-6 deficient mice. Journal of E xperimental Medicine, 183, 311–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHOMCZYNSKI, P. and SACCHI, N., 1987, Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Analytical Biochemistry, 162, 156–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHUNG, J., SONG, C. W., TAMAGUCHI, T. and TABACHNICK, J., 1972, Effect of anti-inflammatory compounds on y-irradi-ation induced radiodermatitis. D ermatologica, 144, 97–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHUNG, J. H., YOUN, S. H., KOH, W. S., EUN, H. C., CHO, K. H., PARK, K. C. and YOUN, J. I., 1996, Ultraviolet B irradiation-enhanced interleukin (IL)-6 production and mRNA expression are mediated by IL-la in cultured human keratinocytes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 106, 715–720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DEVARY, Y., GOTTLIEB, R. A., SMEAL, T. and KARIN, M., 1992, The mammalian ultraviolet response is triggered by activation of Src tyrosine kinases. Cell, 71, 1081–1091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DE VOS, S., BRACH, M., BUDNIK, A., GREWE, M., HERRMANN, F. and KRUTMANN, J., 1994, Post-transcriptional regulation of interleukin-6 gene expression in human keratinocytes by Ultraviolet B radiation. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 103, 92–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FATTORI, E., CAPPELLETTI, M., COSTA, P., SELLITTO, C., CANTONI, L., CARELLI, M., FAGGIONI, R., FANTUZZI, G., GHEZZI, P. and Pot", V., 1994, Defective inflammatory response in interleukin 6-deficient mice. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 180, 1243–1250.
   Google Scholar
• HAIMOVITZ FRIEDMAN, A., KAN, C. C., EHLEITER, D., PERSAUD, R. S., MCLOUGHLIN, M., FUKS, Z. and KOLESNICK, R. N., 1994, Ionizing radiation acts on cellular membranes to generate ceramide and initiate apoptosis. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 180, 525–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HALLAHAN, D. E., Gius, D., KUCHIBHOTLA, J., SUKHATME, V., KUFE, D. W. and WEICHSELBAUM, R. R., 1993, Radiation signaling mediated by Jun activation following dissoci-ation from a cell type-specific repressor. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268, 4903–4907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HALLAHAN, D. E., SPRIGGS, D. R., BECKETT, M. A., KUFE,
   Google Scholar
• D. W. and WEICHSELBAUM, R. R., 1989, Increased tumor necrosis factor a after cellular exposure to ionizing radi-ation. Proceedings of the National Acadamy of Sciences, USA, 86, 10104–10107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HALLIWELL, B. and GUTTERIDGE, J. M., 1985, Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
   Google Scholar
• HERRLICH, P. and RAHMSDORF, H. J., 1994, Transcriptional and post-transcriptional responses to DNA-damaging agents. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 6, 425–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HONG, J. H., CHIANG, C. S., CAMPBELL, I. L., SUN, J. R., WITHERS, H. R. and MCBRIDE, W. H., 1995, Induction of acute phase gene expression by brain irradiation.
   Google Scholar
• International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology,Physics,
   Google Scholar
• , 619–626.
   Google Scholar
• ISHIHARA, H., TANAKA, I., NEMOTO, K., TSUNEOKA, K., CHEERAMAKARA, C., YOSHIDA, K. and OHTSU, H., 1995, Immediate-early, transient induction of the interleukin-1/3 gene in mouse spleen macrophages by ionizing radi-ation. Journal of Radiation Research, 36, 112–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IwAmoTo, G. K., KONICEK, S. A. and TWIGG, H., 1994, Modulation of accessory cell function and interleukin-6 production by the HIV-1 tat gene. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 10, 580–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KATZ, H. I., PRAWER, S. E., WATSON, M. J., SCULL, T. A. and PEETS, E. A., 1989, Mometasone furoate ointment 0.1% vs. hydrocortisone ointment 1.0% in psoriasis. Atrophogenic potential. International Journal of Dermatology, 28, 342–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KEYSE, S. M., 1993, The induction of gene expression in mammalian cells by radiation. Cancer Biology, 4, 119–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KHARBANDA, S., YUAN, Z. M., RUBIN, E., WEICHSELBAUM, R. and KUFE, D., 1994, Activation of Src-like p56/p53lyn tyrosine kinase by ionizing radiation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 269, 20739–20743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KICK, G., MESSER, G., GOETZ, A., PLEWIG, G. and KIND, P., 1995, Photodynamic therapy induces expression of interleukin 6 by activation of AP-1 but not NF-KB DNA binding. Cancer Research, 55, 2373–2379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KICK, G., MESSER, G., PLEWIG, G., KIND, P. and GOETZ, A., 1996, Strong and prolonged induction of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes by photodynamic therapy. Britis h J ournal of Cancer, 74, 30–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KIRNBAUER, R., KOcx, A., NEUNER, P., FORSTER, E., KRUTMANN, J., URBANSKI, A., SCHAUER, E., ANSEL, J. C., SCHWARZ, T. and LUGER, T. A., 1991, Regulation of epidermal cell interleukin-6 production by UV light and c ortic o steroids . Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 96, 484— 489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KONio, H., PONTA, H., RAHMSDORF, H. J. and HERRLICH, P., 1992, Interference between pathway-specific transcription factors: glucocorticoids antagonize phorbol ester-induced AP-1 activity without altering AP-1 site occupation in vivo. EMBO Journal, 11, 2241 —2246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUPPER, T. S., 1990, The activated keratinocyte: a model for inducible cytokine production by non-b one-marrow-derived cells in cutaneous inflammatory and immune responses. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 94, 146S–150S.
   Google Scholar
• LADEROUTE, K. R., AUSSERER, W. A., KNAPP, A. M., GRANT, T. D. and SUTHERLAND, R. M., 1994, Epidermal growth factor modifies cell cycle control in A431 human squam-ous carcinoma cells damaged by ionizing radiation. Cancer Research, 54, 1407–1411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LE, P. T., LAZORICK, S., WHICHARD, L. P., HAYNES, B. F. and SINGER, K. H., 1991, Regulation of cytokine production in the human thymus: epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor a regulate mRNA levels of interleukin 1 a (IL-1 a), IL-1 )3, and IL-6 in human thymic epithelial cells at a post-transcriptional level. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 174, 1147-1157.
   Google Scholar
• LEVINE, S. J., LARIVEE, P., LOGUN, C., ANGUS, C. W. and SHELHAMER, J. H., 1993, Corticosteroids differentially regulate secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and G-CSF by a human bronchial epithelial cell line. American Journal of Physiology, 265, L360—L368.
   Google Scholar
• LIBERMANN, T. A. and BALTIMORE, D., 1990, Activation of interleukin-6 gene expression through the NF-KB tran-scription factor. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 10, 2327–2334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LINKER ISRAELI, M., DEANS, R. J., WALLACE, D. J., PREHN, J., OZERI CHEN, T. and KLINENBERG, J. R., 1991, Elevated levels of endogenous IL-6 in systemic lupus eryth-ematosus. A putative role in pathogenesis. Journal of Immunology, 147, 117–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAGIC, Z., MATIC IVANOVIC, S., SAVIC, J. and POZNANOVIC, G., 1995, Ionizing radiation-induced expression of the genes associated with the acute response to injury in the rat. Radiation Research, 143, 187–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARGULIES, L. and SEHGAL, P. B., 1993, Modulation of the human interleukin-6 promoter (IL-6) and transcription factor C/EBP (NF-1L6) activity by p53 species. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268, 15096–15100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MICHEL, G., NOWOK, K., BEETZ, A., RIED, C., KEMENY, L. and RUZICKA, T., 1995, Novel steroid derivative modulates gene expression of cytokines and growth regulators. Skin Pharmacology, 8, 215–220.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MULE, J. J., CUSTER, M. C., TRAVIS, W. D. and ROSENBERG, S. A., 1992, Cellular mechanisms of the antitumor activity of recombinant IL-6 in mice. Journal of Immunology, 148, 2622–2629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MULE, J. J., MCINTOSH, J. K., JABLONS, D. M. and ROSENBERG, S. A., 1990, Antitumor activity of recombinant interleu kin 6 in mice. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 171, 629–636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NEUNER, P., URBANSKI, A., TRAUTINGER, F., MOLLER, A., KIRNBAUER, R., KAPP, A., SCHOPF, E., SCHWARZ, T. and LUGER, T. A., 1991, Increased IL-6 production by mono-cytes and keratinocytes in patients with psoriasis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 97, 27–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PETER, R. U., BEETZ, A., RIED, C., MICHEL, G., VAN BEUNINGEN, D. and RUZICKA, T., 1993, Increased expres-sion of the epidermal growth factor receptor in human epidermal keratinocytes after exposure to ionizing radi-ation. Radiation Research, 136, 65–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PETER, R. U., BRAUN-FALCO, 0., BIRIOUKOV, A., HACKER, N., KERSCHER, M., PETERSEIM, U., RUZICKA, T., KONZ, B. and PLEWIG, G., 1994, Chronic cutaneous radiation damage after accidental exposure to ionizing radiation: the Chernobyl experience. Journal of the American Academy of D ermato logy, 30, 719–723.
   Google Scholar
• RAY, A., LAFORGE, K. S. and SEHGAL, P. B., 1990, On the mechanism for efficient repression of the interleukin-6 promoter by glucocorticoids: enhancer, TATA box, and RNA start site (inr motif) occlusion. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 10, 5736–5746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAY, A. and PREFONTAINE, K. E., 1994, Physical association and functional antagonism between the p65 subunit of tran-scription factor NF-KB and the glucocorticoid receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 91, 752–756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAY, A., SASSONE CORSI, P. and SEHGAL, P. B., 1989, A multiple cytokine- and second messenger-responsive element in the enhancer of the human interleukin-6 gene: similarities with c-fos gene regulation. Molecular and Cellular Biolog 9, 5537-5547.
   Google Scholar
• RupEc, R. A. and BAEUERLE, P. A., 1995, The genomic response of tumor cells to hypoxia and reoxygenation: differential activation of transcription factors AP-1 and NF-KB. European Journal of Biochemistry, 234, 632–640.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SACHSENMAIER, C., RADLER-POHL, A., ZINCK, R., NORDHEIM, A., HERRLICH, P. and RAHMSDORF, H. J., 1994, Involvement of growth factor receptors in the mammalian UVC response. Cell, 78, 963–972.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAHIJDAK, W. M., YANG, C. R., ZUCKERMAN, J. S., MEYERS, M. and BOOTHMAN, D. A., 1994, Alterations in transcription factor binding in radioresistant human melanoma cells after ionizing radiation. Radiation Research, 138, S47—S51.
   Google Scholar
• SCHEINMAN, R. I., COGSWELL, P. C., LOFQUIST, A. K. and BALDWIN, A. S., 1995, Role of transcriptional activation of IKBa in mediation of immunosuppression by glucocort-icoids. Science, 270, 283–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHEINMAN, R. I., GUALBERTO, A., JEWELL, C. M., CIDLOWSKI, J. A. and BALDWIN, A. S., 1995, Characterization of mechanisms involved in transrepression of NF-KB by activated glucocorticoid receptors. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 15, 943–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHIEVEN, G. L. and LEDBETTER, J. A., 1994, Activation of tyrosine kinase signal pathways by radiation and oxidative stress. Trends in Endocrinological Metabolism, 5, 383–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHMIDT-ULLRICH, R. K., VALERIE, K., FOGLEMAN, P. B. and WALTERS, J., 1996, Radiation-induced autophosphoryl-ation of epidermal growth factor receptor in human malignant mammary and squamous epithelial cells. Radiation Research, 145, 81–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHRECK, R., RIEBER, P. and BAEUERLE, P. A. 1991, Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messen-gers in the activation of the NF-KB transcription factor and HIV-1. EMBO Journal, 10, 2247–2258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHERMAN, M. L., DATTA, R., HALLAHAN, D. E., WEICHSELBAUM,
   Google Scholar
• R. R. and KUFE, D. W., 1991, Regulation of tumor necrosis factor gene expression by ionizing radiation in human myeloid leukemia cells and peripheral blood monocytes. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 87, 1794–1797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHIMIZU, H., MITOMO, K., WATANABE, T., OKAMOTO, S. and YAMAMOTO, K. I., 1990, Involvement of a NF-KB-like transcription factor in the activation of the interleukin-6 gene by inflammatory lymphokines. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 10, 561–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TROTT, K. R. and KUMMERMEHR, J., 1991, Radiation effects in skin. In: R adiopatho logy of Organs and Tissues, edited by E. Scherer, C. Streffer and K. R. Trott (Berlin: Springer), pp. 33–66.
   Google Scholar
• URBANSKI, A., SCHWARZ, T., NEUNER, P., KRUTMANN, J., KIRNBAUER, R., Kelcit, A. and LUGER, T. A., 1990, Ultraviolet light induces increased circulating interleukin-6 in humans. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 94, 808–811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN SNICK, J., 1990, Interleukin-6: an overview. Annual Review of Immunology, 8, 253–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAAGE, A., SLUPPHAUG, G. and SHALABY, R., 1990, Glucocorticoids inhibit the production of IL-6 from monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. European Journal of Immunology, 20, 2439–2443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEICHSELBAUM, R. R., HALLAHAN, D. E., SUKHATME, V., DRITSCHILO, A., SHERMAN, M. L. and KUFE, D. W., 1991, Biological consequences of gene regulation after ionizing radiation exposure. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 83, 480–484.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WLASCHEK, M., BOLSEN, K., HERRMANN, G., SCHWARZ, A.,
   Google Scholar
• WILMROTH, F., HEINRICH, P. C., GOERZ, G. and SCHARFFETTER-KOCHANEK, K., 1993, UVA-induced autocrine stimulation of fibroblast-derived-collagenase by IL-6: a possible mechanism in dermal photodamage? Journal of Investigative D ermato logy, 101, 164–168.
   Google Scholar
• YAMASHITA, I., KATAMINE, S., MORIUCHI, R., NAKAMURA, Y MIYAMOTO, T., EGUCHI, K. and NAGATAKI, S., 1994, Transactivation of the human interleukin-6 gene by human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax protein. Blood, 84, 1573–1578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YANG YEN, H. F., CHAMBARD, J. C., SUN, Y. L., SMEAL, T., SCHMIDT, T. J., DROUIN, J. and KARIN, M., 1990,
   Google Scholar
• Transcriptional interference between c-jun and the gluco-corticoid receptor: mutual inhibition of DNA-binding due to direct protein-protein interaction. Cell, 62, 1205-1215.
   Google Scholar
• ZHANG, Y., LIN, J. X. and VILCEK, J., 1990, Interleukin-6 induction by tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in human fibroblasts involves activation of a nuclear factor binding to a KB-like sequence. Molecular and Cellular B io log j, 10, 3818–3823.
   Google Scholar
• ZHU, Z., TANG, W., RAY, A., Wu, Y., EINARSSON, 0., LANDRY, M. L., GWALTNEY, J. and ELIAS, J. A., 1996, Rhinovirus stimulation of interleukin-6 in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 97, 421–430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar