Tikvah Alper: an indomitable spirit

Bibliography of Tikvah Alper

• ALPER, T., 1932, fiber die ö-strahlen und die Beziehung zwischen Reichweite und Geschwindigkeit fIr langsa me elektronen. Z eitschrift für Physic, 76, 172-189. —, 1932, Wilson-chamber experiments on x-rays and the ranges of low-speed electrons. South African Journal Science, 29, 248-261. —and STERNE, M., 1933, The measurement of the opacity of bacterial cultures with a photo-electric cell. Journal of H ygeine, 33, 497-509. —and ZIMMERMANN, H. J., 1939, A thyratron inflector, its behavior with certain vowels and its use in instructing deaf children. The Laryngoscope, 3-31. —and ZIMMERMANN, H. J., 1939, A thyratron inflexion indicator for teaching the deaf Journal of Scientific Instruments, 16, 334–336.
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• ALPER, T., 1946, Fluorescence fatigue. Nature, 158, 451. —, 1948, Hydrogen peroxide and the indirect effect of ionizing radiations. Nature, 162, 615-616. —7 1948, Nature, 162, 748. —, 1948, The scope of the biophysicist. The Bluestocking (South Africa), 24-26. —and Du PREEZ, L., 1949, Use of bremsstrahlung in making rapid assays of millicurie amounts of phosphorus 32 Nature, 164, 1001.
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• ALPER, T., 1950, Radio-isotopes in medicine. South African M edical Journal, 24, 1043–1049. —and Du PREEZ, L., 1950, Carrier-free manganese-54 from the pile? Nature, 165, 689.
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• HALLIDAY, E. C. and ALPER, T., 1950, Low-cost air transport of radioactive substances to South Africa Nature, 166, 110.
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• ALPER, T., SAVAGE, D.V. and BOTHWELL, T. H.1951, Radioiron studies in a case of hemochromatosis Journal Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 37, 665–675.
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• BOTHWELL, T. H. and ALPER, T., 1951, The cardiac complica-tions of haemochromatosis, South African Journal of Clinical Science, 2, 226–238.
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• VAN ROOJEN, J., ALPER, T. and WAKLEY, J., 1951, Ring applic-ators for treatment of carcinoma of the cervix Correspondence. British Journal of Radiology, 24, 285.
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• ALPER, T., 1952, Indirect inactivation of bacteriophage S13 during and after exposure to ionizing radiation. Nature, 169, 183. —, 1952, A new after-effect of X-rays on dilute aqueous suspen-sions of bacteriophage. Nature, 169, 964. —, 1952, Indirect inactivation of bacteriophage during and after exposure to ionizing radiation Faraday Society Discussion, 12, 234–243.
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• BOTHWELL, T.H., VANLINGEN, B., ALPER, T. and DU PREEZ, M. L., 1952, The cardiac complications of hemochrom-atosis. Report of a case including radioiron studies and a note 011 etiology American Heart Journal, 43, 333–340.
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• STEIN, L. H., ALPER, T. and ANDERSSEN, E. E., 1952, The movement of a radio-phosphorus-labelled insecticide in groundnut plants J ournal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1, 31–37.
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• ALPER, T., 1953, Inactivation of bacteriophage after irradiation. Transactions of the Faraday Society, 363, 328-329. —, 1953, Some effects of radiation on bacteriophage. In Atti del VI Congress° Internaz ionale di M icrobiologia, 3, 431-436. —,1953 Effects of commercial and radiation-produced hydrogen peroxide Nature, 172, 957.
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• BOTHWELL, T. H., VAN DOORN-WITTKAMPF, H., Du PREEZ, M. L. and ALPER, T., 1953, The absorption of iron, Radioiron studies in idiopathic hemochromatosis, malnu-tritional cytosiderosis, and transfusional hemosiderosis. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 41, 836–848.
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• ALPER, T., 1954, Some factors influencing the inactivation by irradiation of bacteriophage in dilute solution. Acta Radiologica, 116, 682-683. —, 1954, Inactivation of bacteriophage after irradiation. British Journal of Radiology, 28, 5054. —, 1954, Possible modes of action of radiation produced perox-ides, and of various radicals, on bacteriophage. In Proceedings of the 1st International Photobiological Congress, edited by Rottier, R. B., Sangster, M. and Stolwijk, J. A. J. (Wageningen: Veenman & Sons), 167. —, 1954, Bacteriophage inactivation under varying conditions of irradiation. In Radiobiology Symposium, 1954, edited by Bacq, Z. M. and Alexander, P. (London: Butterworths), 39-45. —, 1954, The inactivation of free bacteriophage by irradiation and by chemical agents. Journal of General Microbiology, 11, 313-324. —and EBERT, M., 1954, Influence of hydrogen ion concentration on radiation effect Science, 120, 608–609.
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• EBERT, M. and ALPER, T., 1954, Influence of dissolved gases on hydrogen peroxide formation and bacteriophage inactiva-tion by radiation Nature, 173, 987.
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• ALPER, T., 1955, Bacteriophage as indicator in radiation chem-istry. Radiation Research, 2, 119-134. —, 1956, The modification of damage caused by ionization of biological target. Radiation Research, 5, 573-586. —and HOWARD-FLANDERS, P., 1956, Role of oxygen in modify-ing the radiosensitivity of E. coli B Nature, 178, 978–979.
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• ALPER, T., 1957. A mechanism for the oxygen effect suggested by some recent experiments. In Les Peroxydes 0 rganiques en Radiobiologie, edited by Masson et al. (London: Pergamon), pp. 132–148. —, 1957, Observations on bacterial growth and morphology shortly after irradiation and some remarks on the oxygen effect. Advances in Radiobiology, 90–96.
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• HOWARD-FLANDERS, P. and ALPER, T., 1957, The sensitivity of microorganisms to irradiation under controlled gas condi-tions. Radiation Research, 7, 518–540. ALPER, T., 1958, Some aspects of the biochemical nature of radiation-induced lethal injuries in microorganisms. International Abstracts of Biological Sciences, (suppl.), 129. —, 1958, Variability in the oxygen effect observed with certain micro-organisms. British Journal of Radiology, 31, 714. —and GILLIES, N. E., 1958, 'Restoration' of E scherichia coli strain B after irradiation: its dependence on suboptimal growth Conditions. Journal of General Microbiology, 18, 461–472. —and GILLIES, N. E., 1958, Dependence of the observed oxygen effect on the post-irradiation treatment of microorgan-isms. Nature, 181, 961–963. —and GILLIES, N. E., 1958, Restoration of micro-organisms and suboptimal growth conditions. Radiation Research, 9, 6. ALPER, T., 1959, Book review: Bone and radiostrontium. British Journal of Applied Physics, 10, 271. —, 1959, Immediate and low-level effects of ionizing radiations. Nature, 184, 1111–1113. —, 1959, Variability in the oxygen effect observed with micro-organisms. Part I. Haploid yeast and budding cells. International J ournal of Radiation Biology, 1, 414–419. —and GILLIES, N. E., 1959. The influence of metabolic events immediately after irradiation on the difference in sensitiv-ity between E. C oli B and E. Coli B/r. International J ournal of Radiation Biology, 32 (su p pl. ), 305–310.
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• GILLIES, N. E. and ALPER, T., 1959, Reduction in the lethal effects of radiations on E scherichia coli B by treatment with chloramphenicol Nature, 183, 237–238.
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• ALPER, T., 1960, Cellular radiobiology. Annual Review of Nuclear Science, 10, 489-530. —, 1960. Book review: Radiation protection and recovery. Discovery, 22, 170-171. —, 1960. Photo-restoration or reactivation. In Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physics (London: Pergamon.) —and GILLIES, N. E., 1960, The relationship between growth and survival after irradiation of E scherischia coli strain B and two resistant mutants Journal of General Microbiology, 22, 113–127.
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• -GILLIES, N. E. and ELKIND, M. M., 1960, The sigmoid survival curve in radiobiology. Nature, 186, 1062–1063.
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• GILLIES, N. E. and ALPER, T., 1960, The nucleic acid content of Escherichia coli strains B and B/r Biochimica B iophysica Acta, 43, 182–187.
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• ALPER, T., 1961, Effects on subcellular units and free-living cells. In Mechanisms in Radiobiology, VOL 1, chapter 5, pp. 353-417. —, 1961, Variability in the oxygen effect observed with micro- organisms, Part II. E scherichia coli B. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 3, 369-377. —, 1962, Evidence for two resolvable sites of action of radiation 011 micro -organisms. A bhandlungen der D eutschen Akademie der W issenschaften zu Berlin, (Akademie-Verlag, Berlin), 153-161. —, BEWLEY, D. K. and FOWLER, J. F., 1962, Chemical protection against alpha-particle irradiation. Nature, 194, 1245-1247. —, FOWLER, J. F., MORGAN, R. L., VONBERG, D. D., ELLIS, F. and OLIVER, R., 1962, Correspondence: The characteris-ation of the 'type C' survival curve British Journal of Radiology, 35, 722–723.
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• ALPER, T., 1963, Cell death and mutation. In Radiation Ejects in Physics, Chemistry and Biology, edited by M. Ebert and A. Howard, (Amsterdam, North Holland), 114-134. —, 1963, Lethal mutations and cell death. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 8, 365-385. —, 1963, V-comparison between the oxygen enhancement ratios for neutrons and X rays, as observed with E scherichia coli B. British Journal of Radiology, 36, 97-101. —, 1963, The effects on irradiated micro-organisms of growth in the presence of basic dyes or caffeine. British Journal of Radiology, 36, 861. —, 1963, Lethal mutations and cell death. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 8, 365-385. —, 1963, Effects on irradiated microorganisms of growth in the presence of acriflavine. Nature, 200, 534-536. -STERNE, M. and WARRACK, G. H., 1963, The effects of irradiation on antibodies in sera British J ournal of Radiology, 36, 458.
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• FOWLER, J. F., BEWLEY, D. K., MORGAN, R. L., SILVESTER, A., ALPER T. and HORNSEY, S., 1963, Dose—effect relation-ships for radiation damage to organized tissues. Nature, 199, 253–255.
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• HODGKINS, B. and ALPER, T., 1963, Anaerobic growth as a factor influencing radiosensitivity Journal of General Microbiology, 30, 307–315.
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• PIKE, M. C. and ALPER, T., 1964, A method for determining dose-modification factors British Journal of Radiology, 37, 458— 462.
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• ALPER, T., 1964, LET as a determinant of bacterial radiosensitiv-ity and its modification by anoxia and glycerol. International Atomic Energy Agency PL-115 / 5 (Vienna, IAEA). —, 1965. Interactions of modifying treatments and the light they throw on targets for cell death. In Cellular Radiation Biology (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins), pp. 272-285. -1965, Introductory Remarks on Biological Aspects of Energy Transfer in Radiation Processes (Elsevier, Amsterdam). —, HAIG, D. A. and CLARKE, M. C., 1966, The exceptionally small size of the scrapie agent Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 22, 278–284.
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• HORNSEY, S. and ALPER, T., 1966, Unexpected dose-rate effect in the killing of mice by radiation Nature, 210, 212–213.
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• ALPER, T., 1967, A characteristic of the lethal effect of ionizing radiation on `Hcri bacterial strains. Mutation Research, 4, 15-20. —, 1967, Medical Research Council radiation research at the Hammersmith Hospital. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 60, 783-784. —, 1967, Applications of radiobiology in radiotherapeutic devel-opments. In Modern Trends in Radiotherapy, edited by Deeley, J. J. and Wood, C. A. P. (London: Butterworths) pp. 1-33. —, CRAMP, W. A., HAIG, D. A. and CLARKE, M. C., 1967, Does the agent of scrapie replicate without nucleic acid? Nature, 214, 764-766. —and MOORE, J. L. 1967, The interdependence of oxygen enhancement ratios for 250kVp X rays and fast neutrons. British Journal of Radiology, 40, 843-848. —, MOORE, J. L. and BEWLEY, D. K., 1967, LET as a determin-ant of bacterial radiosensitivity, and its modification by anoxia and glycerol. Radiation Research, 32, 277-293. —, MOORE, J. L. and SMITH, P., 1967, The role of dose rate, irradiation technique, and LET in determining radiosensi-tivities at low oxygen concentrations Radiation Research, 32, 780–791.
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• ALPER, T., 1968, Correspondence: The oxygen effect: pertinent or irrelevant to radiotherapy? British Journal of Radiology, 41, 73. —, 1968, Low oxygen enhancement ratios for radiosensitive bacterial strains, and the probable interaction of two types of primary lesion. Nature, 217, 862–863. —, 1968, Radiation-induced lethality and DNA strand breakage: the relevance of the oxygen effect. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 14, 83–84. —, 1968, Radiation target size of Riley virus. viratao, 36, 157–159. -BLum, E. and STERNE, M., 1968, Inferences from the effect of ionizing radiation on the biological activity of dry proteins. Biophysical Society Proceedings, London. —, FORAGE, A. J., HOPKINS, B. and MOORE, J. L., 1968. RBE effects and ultraviolet sensitivity in bacteria. British Journal Radiology, 41, 880. —and HAIG, D. A., 1968, Protection by anoxia of the scrapie agent and some DNA and RNA viruses irradiated as dry preparations. Journal of General Virology, 3, 157–166. —and HORNSEY, S., 1968, The effect of hypoxia during irradiation on four-day death in mice given single and split doses of electrons. British Journal of Radiology, 41, 375–380. -HORNSEY, S., PIKE, M. C. and SMITH, P., 1968, Evidence for the cellular basis of intestinal death in mice from an analysis of dose-effect relationships modified by quality of radiation, dose rate, fractionation and anoxia. In Ejects of Radiation on Cellular Proliferation and D qferentiation. (Vienna: IAEA), pp. 515–530.
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• ROWSON, K. E., PARR, I. B. and ALPER, T., 1968. The radiation target size of Riley virus infectivity. Journal of General Microbiology, 50(SUppi 5.).
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• ALPER, T., 1969, Mechanisms of lethal radiation damage to cells. In Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on M icrodosimetry, E U R 4452, edited by H.G. Ebert (Vienna, European Atomic Energy Commission), pp. 5-34. —, 1969, Heterodox views on 'excision repair'. British Journal of Radiology, 42, 719. —and HODGKINS, B., 1969. 'Excision repair' and dose-modification: questions raised by radiobiological experi-ments with acriflavine. Mutation Research, 8, 15-23. —, HOWARD, A. and KEIFER, J., 1969, Radiobiological termino-logy Nature, 224, 625–626.
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• HAIG, D. A., CLARKE, M. C., BLum, E. and ALPER, T., 1969, Further studies on the inactivation of the scrapie agent by ultraviolet light Journal of General Virology, 5, 455–457.
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• ALPER, T. and FORAGE, A. J., 1970, An increase in oxygen enhancement ratio with increase in LET British Journal of Radiology, 43, 153.
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• FORAGE, A. J. and ALPER, T., 1970, A decrease in anoxic sensitivity, and resultant increase in oxygen enhancement ratio, with decrease in energy of fast electrons International Journal of Radiation Biology, 17, 527–532.
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• LATARJET, R., MUEL, B., HAIG, D. A., CLARKE, M. C. and ALPER, T., 1970, Inactivation of the scrapie agent by near-monochromatic ultraviolet light Nature, 227, 1341–1343.
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• RUDE, J. and ALPER, T., 1970, The interconversion of lethal and sub-lethal damage in UV-irradiated E scherichia coli B/r British Journal of Radiology, 43, 152.
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• ALPER, T., 1971, Cell death and its modification: the roles of primary lesions in membranes and DNA. In Proceedings of International Atomic Energy Agency Symposium on Biophysical Aspects of Radiation Quality, (Vienna: IAEA), pp. 171–184.
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• BLum, E. and ALPER, T., 1971, Radiation-target molecular weights of urease and of L-glutamate dehydrogenase, and their relevance to the size of the functional subunits Biochemical Journal, 122, 677–680.
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• ALPER, T., 1972, The nature of the scrapie agent. Journal of Clinical Pathology Supplement, Royal College Pathologists, 6, 154-155. —, 1972, Aspects of neutron therapy based on an analysis of relationships between RBE and dose. British Journal Radiology, 45, 39-47. —, 1972, The relevance of experimental radiobiology to radio-therapy. Present limitations and future possibilities. British Medical Bulletin, 29, 3-6. —, FORAGE, A. J. and AFZAL, L., 1972, Bacteriocin factors responsible for UV-sensitivity and susceptibility to post-irradiation breakdown of DNA. Molecular and General Genetics, 119, 367-371. —7FORAGE, A. J. and HODGKINS, B., 1972, Protection of normal, lysogenic and pyocinogenic strains against ultraviolet radiation by bound acriflavine Journal of Bacteriology, 110, 823–830.
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• RUDE, J. and ALPER, T., 1972, Changes in U.V. survival curves of E scherichia colt B/r concomitant with changes in growth conditions Photochemistry and Photobiology, 15, 51–60.
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• FORAGE, A. J. and ALPER, T., 1973, Evidence for differing modes of interaction of acriflavine with ultraviolet-induced lesions in an Hcr ± bacterial strain Molecular and General Genetics, 122, 89–100.
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• ALPER, T., 1974, Cell membranes as structures responsible for the oxygen effect. Advances in Radiation Research, 1, 445— 456. —, 1974. The role of membrane damage in irradiated cells. British Journal of Radiology, 47, 240. —, 1974, Radiobiological support for radiotherapy. What kind of research? Lancet, 1, 1328-1330. —, 1974. Radiosensitivity in submicroscopic organisms. In The Biological and Clinical Basis of Radiosensitivity, edited by M. Friedman (Springfield: C.C. Thomas), pp. 81-93. —, and BRYANT, P. E., 1974, Reduction in oxygen enhancement ratio with increase in LET: Tests of two hypotheses. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 26, 203-218. —, and FORAGE, A. J., 1974, The primary UV lesions for reversion to prototrophy in auxotrophic E scherichia coli: inferences from studies of protection by Acriflavine Molecular and General Genetics, 128, 147–155.
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• ALPER, T., 1974, Observations relevant to the mechanism of RBE effects in the killing of cells. In Biological Ejects of Neutron Irradiation. International Atomic Energy Agency Report SM 179/2 (Vienna: IAEA), pp. 133–147.
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• WALTER, L.-H. and ALPER, T.7 1974, A suggested method for selecting patients for clinical trials of new radiotherapeutic techniques British Journal of Radiology, 47, 616–617.
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• ALPER, T., 1975, Mechanisms of cell killing in the light of formal target theory. British Journal of Radiology, 48, 415–416. —, 1975, Book Review: Physical mechanisms in radiation bio-logy. Physics in Medicine and Biology. —, 1975, Preface: Cell survival after low doses of radiation. In Proceedings of the 6th L.H . Gray Conference (London and Chichester: Institute of Physics and John Wiley) pp. v—viii.
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• HowLETT, J. F., TuoisALINsoN, R. H. and ALPER, T., 1975, A marked dependence of the comparative effectiveness of neutrons on tumour line, and its implications for clinical trials British Journal of Radiology, 48, 40–47.
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• ALPER, T., 1976, Modern trends and creeds in Radiobiology. In Radiation and Cellular Control Processes, edited by J. Kiefer (Berlin: Springer) pp. 307-318. —, 1976, Some contributions of photo- and radiobiology to the life sciences. P hoto biology Bulletin. —, 1976, Another method for testing the applicability of the hyperbolic oxygen equation and for evaluating K International Journal of Radiation Biology, 30, 389–392.
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• BRYANT, P. E. and ALPER, T., 1976, Reduction in OER with LET: Evidence supporting the 'oxygen-in the track' hypo-thesis. In Proceedings of 5th Symposium on M icrodosimetly. EUR 5452, edited by Booz, Ebert and Smith, (Vienna: EUR) pp. 871–884.
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• YATVIN, M. B., PORTEN-SEIGNE, I. and ALPER, T., 1976, Investigation of banding and colony forming character-istics of Escherichia coli B/r after exposure to radiation Or heat. Radiation Research, 66, 122–133.
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• ALPER, T., 1977, The role of membrane damage in radiation-induced cell death. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 84, 139-163. —, 1977, Hypothesis: Elkind recovery and 'sub-lethal damage': a misleading association? British Journal of Radiology, 50, 459-467. —, 1977, Elkind recovery and 'sublethal damage': a misleading association? British Journal of Radiology, 50, 683.
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• HAIG, D. A., CLARKE, M. C., MILLsoN, G. C. and ALPER, T., 1977, Failure of fluorocarbon treatment to affect sensitiv-ity of scrapie agent to ultraviolet light Journal of Comparative Pathology, 87, 103–107.
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• ALPER, T., 1978, Mechanisms of cell death due to ionizing radiation. In Sterilization by Ionizing Radiation, edited by Gaughran, E. L. and Goudie, A. J. (Montreal: Multiscience) pp. 9–29.
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• ALPER, T., HAIG, D. A. and CLARKE, M. C., 1978, The scrapie agent: evidence against its dependence for replication on intrinsic nucleic acid Journal of General Virology, 41, 503–516.
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• ALPER, T., 1979, Cellular Radiobiology, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). -7 1980, Survival curve models. In Radiation Biology in Cancer Research, edited by Meyn, R. E. and Withers, H. R. (New York: Raven), pp. 3-18. —, 1980, Care with radiosensitizers. British Journal of Radiology, 53, 377-378. -7 CRAMP, W. A., GEORGE, A., LUNEC, J. and YATVIN, M. B., 1981, Membrane fluidity and the radiosensitivity of E. coli K1060International Journal of Radiation Biology, 40, 211–215.
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• ALPER, T., 1983, Letter: Oxygen as radiosensitizer: methods of analysis. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 44, 313–314. —, 1984, Implications of repair models for LET effects and other radiobiological phenomena, British Journal of Cancer, 49, 137–143. —, 1984, Adding two components of radiosensitization by oxygen. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 46, 569–585. —, CRAMP, W. A., HORNSEY, S., Om, J. S. and HUME, W. J., eds, 1984, Cellular Repair of Radiation Damage: Mechanisms and Modifying Agents, Proceedings 11th L.H. Gray Conference. British Journal of Cancer, 49 (suppl. vi), pp. 1–317.
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• OBIOHA, F. I., GILUES, N. E., CULLEN, B. M., WALKER, H. C. and ALPER, T., 1984, Constants of the Alper and Howard-Flanders oxygen equation for damage to bacterial mem-brane, deduced from observations on the radiation-induced penicillin-sensitive lesion International Journal of Radiation Biology, 45, 427–437.
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• ALPER, T., 1985, Letter: Scrapie agent unlike viruses in size and susceptibility to inactivation by ionizing or ultraviolet radiation Nature, 317, 750.
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• SEYMOUR, C. B., MOTHERSILL, C. and ALPER, T., 1986, High yields of lethal mutations in somatic mammalian cells that survive ionizing radiation International Journal of Radiation Biology, 50, 167–179.
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• ALPER, T., 1987, The cell as a single-hit detector. British Journal of Cancer, 55, 32-38. —, 1987, Radio- and photo-biological techniques in the investi- gation of prions. In Prions: Novel Infectious Pathogens Causing S crapie and Creutz feldt- J akob Disease, edited by Prusiner, S. B. and McKinley, M. P. (London: Academic), pp. 113-148. —7 MOTHERSILL, C. and SEYMOUR, C. B., 1988, Lethal mutations attributable to misrepair of Q-lesions. International journal of Radiation Biology, 54, 525-530. —, and CRAMP, W. A., 1989, The role of repair in radiobiology E xperentia, 45, 21–33.
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• ALPER, T., 1992, The infectivity of spongiform encephalopathies: does a modified membrane hypothesis account for the lack of immune response? FEM S Microbiology Immunology, 89, 235-242. —, 1992, Photo- and radio-biology of the scrapie agent. In Prion Diseases of Humans and Animals, edited by Prusiner, S. B., Collinge, J., Powell, J. and Anderton, B. (Chichester: Ellis Horwood). —, 1993, New insight into the nature of scrapie from old radiation results. British Journal of Radiology, 66, (suppl. 24), 1-5. —, 1993, The scrapie enigma: insights from radiation experi-ments Radiation Research, 135, 283–292.
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