Review: Proximity effects in the production of chromosome aberrations by ionizing radiation

References

• BALLARD, S. G. and WARD, D. C., 1993, Fluorescence in situ hybridization using digital imaging microscopy. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 41, 1755–1759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BAUCHINGER, M., 1983, Microdosimetric aspects of the induc-tion of chromosome aberrations. In Radiation-Induced Chromosome Damage in Man, edited by: T. Ishihara and M. S. Sasaki (New York: Alan R. Liss), pp. 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• BAUCHINGER, M., 1995, Quantification of low-level radiation exposure by conventional chromosome aberration analysis. Mutation Research, 339, 177–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENDER, M. A., AWA, A. A., BROOKS, A. L., EVANS, H. J., GROER, P. G., LITTLEFIELD, L. G., PEREIRA, C., PRESTON, R. J. and WACHHOLZ, B. W., 1988, Current status of cytogenetic procedures to detect and quantify previous exposures to radiation. Mutation Research, 196, 103–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRENNER, D. J., 1988, On the probability of interaction between elementary radiation-induced chromosomal injuries. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 27, 189–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRENNER, D. J., 1990, Track structure, lesion development, and cell survival. Radiation Research, 124, S29–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRENNER, D. J., 1996, Direct biological evidence for significant neutron dose to survivors of the Hiroshima atomic bomb. Radiation Research, 145, 653–653.
   Google Scholar
• BRENNER, D. J., BIRD, R. P., ZAIDER, M., GOLDHAGEN, p., KLIAUGA, P. J. and Rossi, H. H., 1987, Inactivation of synchro-nized mammalian cells with low-energy X rays—results and significance. Radiation Research, 110, 413–427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRENNER, D. J. and SACHS, R. K., 1994a, Chromosomal 'finger-prints' of prior exposure to densely-ionizing radiation. Radiation Research, 140, 134–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRENNER, D. J. and SACHS, R. K., 1994b, Generalized micro-dosimetric calculations of cell-to-cell variance. Radia-tion Protection Dosimetry, 52, 21–24.
   Google Scholar
• BRENNER, D. J. and SACHS, R. K., 1996a, Comments on 'Com-ment on the ratio of chromosome-type dicentric inter-changes to centric rings for track-clustered compared to random breaks' by Savage and Papworth. Radiation Research, 146, 241–242.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BRENNER, D. J. and SACHS, R. K., 1996b, Response to 'Com-ments on "Direct Biological Evidence for a Significant Neutron Dose to Survivors of the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb" by E. Schmid and M. Bauchinger. Radiation Research. 146, 481–482.
   Google Scholar
• BRENNER, D. J. and WARD, J. F., 1992, Constraints On energy deposition and target size of multiply damaged sites associated with DNA double-strand breaks. Inter-national Journal of Radiation Biology, 61, 737–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRENNER, D. J., WARD, J. and SACHS, R. K., 1994, Track structure, chromosome geometry and chromosome aberrations. In Basic Life Sciences. 63: Computational Approaches in Molecular Radiation Biology, edited by: M. N. Varma and A. Chatterjee (Plenum Press, New York), pp. 93–113.
   Google Scholar
• BRENNER, D. J. and ZAIDER, M., 1984, Modification of the theory of dual radiation action for attenuated fields, II. Appli-cation to the analysis of soft x-ray results. Radiation Research, 99, 492–501.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BROWN, J. M., EvANs, J. W. and KOVACS, M. S., 1993, Mechanism of chromosome exchange formation in human fibro-blasts: insights from 'chromosome painting'. Environ-mental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 22, 218–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BROWN, J. M. and KOVACS, M. S., 1993, Visualization of non-reciprocal chromosome exchanges in irradiated human fibroblasts by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Radiation Research, 136, 71–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHADWICK, K. H. and LEENHOUTS, H. P., 1981, The Molecular Theory of Radiation Biology (Berlin: Springer).
   Google Scholar
• CHEN, A. M., LucAs, J. N., HILL, F. S., BRENNER, D. J. and SACHS, R. K., 1996, Proximity effects for chromosome aberrations measured by FISH. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 69, 411–420.
   Google Scholar
• CORNFORTH, M. N., 1990, Testing the notion of the one-hit exchange. Radiation Research, 121, 21–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CORNFORTH, M. N. and BEDFORD, J. S., 1987, A quantitative comparison of potentially lethal damage repair and the rejoining of interphase chromosome breaks in low passage normal human fibroblasts. Radiation Research, 111, 385–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CORNFORTH, M. N. and BEDFORD, J. S., 1993, Ionizing radiation damage and its early development in chromosomes. In Advances in Radiation Biology, vol. 17. DNA and Chroma-tin Damage Caused by Radiation, edited by J. T. Lett and W. K. Sinclair (San Diego: Academic), pp. 423–496.
   Google Scholar
• COUZIN, D. and PAPWORTH, D. G., 1979, The over-dispersion between cells of chromosomal aberrations. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 80, 249–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CREMER, T., KURZ, A., ZIRBEL, R., DIETZEL, S., RINKE, B., SCHROCK, E., SPEICHER, M. R., MATHIEU, U., JAUCH, A., EMMERICH, P., SCHERTAN, H., RIED, T., CREMER, C. and LICHTER, p., 1993, Role of chromosome territories in the functional com-partmentalization of the cell nucleus. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 58, 777–792.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DE BONI, U., 1994, The interphase nucleus as a dynamic stucture. International Review of Cytology, 150, 149–171.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Do, M. and EDWARDS, S. F., 1988, The Theory of Polymer Dynamics (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
   Google Scholar
• DURANTE, M., GEORGE, K. and YANG, T. C., 1996, Biological dosimetry by interphase chromosome painting. Radia-tion Research, 145, 53–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EDWARDS, A. A., LLOYD, D. C. and PROSSER, J. S., 1990, The induction of chromosome aberrations in human lym-phocytes by 24 keV neutrons. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 31, 265–268.
   Google Scholar
• EDWARDS, A. A., MOISEENKO, V. V. and Nngoo, H., 1996, On the mechanism of the formation of chromosomal aberra-tions by ionizing radiation. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 35, 25–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EVANS, J. W., Liu, X. F., KIRCHGESSNER, C. U. and BROWN, J. M., 1996, Induction and repair of chromosome aberra-tions in scid cells measured by premature chromosome condensation. Radiation Research, 145, 39–46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FERNANDEZ, J. L., CAMPOS, A., GOYANES, V., LOSADA, C., VEIRAS, C. and EDWARDS, A. A., 1995, X-ray biological dosimetry performed by selective painting of human chromo-somes 1 and 2. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 67, 295–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FINNON, P., LLoYD, D. C. and EDWARDS, A. A., 1995, Fluorescence in situ hybridization detection of chromosomal aberra-tions in human lymphocytes—applicability to biologi-cal dosimetry. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 68, 429–435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GEARD, C. R., 1985, Charged particle cytogenetics: effects of LET, fluence, and partial separation on chromosome aberrations. Radiation Research, 104, S112–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GEBHART, E., NEUBAUER, S., SCHMITT, G., BIRKENHAKE, S. and DUNST, J., 1996, Use of a three-color chromosome in situ suppression technique for the detection of past radiation exposure. Radiation Research, 145, 47–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GOODHEAD, D. T., 1987, Relationship of microdosimetric tech-niques to applications in biological systems. In The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation, vol.II, edited by K. Kase, B. Bjarngard and F. Attix (Orlando: Academic), pp. 1–89.
   Google Scholar
• GOODHEAD, D. T., 1994, Initial events in the cellular effects of ionizing radiations: clustered damage in DNA. Interna-tional Journal of Radiation Biology, 65, 7–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOODHEAD, D. T., THACKER, J. and Cox, R., 1993, Weiss Lecture. Effects of radiations of different qualities on cells: molecular mechanisms of damage and repair. Interna-tional Journal of Radiation Biology, 63, 543–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOODWIN, E. H., BLAKELY, E. A. and TOBIAS, C. A., 1994, Chromosomal damage and repair in Gi-phase Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to charged-particle beams. Radiation Research, 138, 343–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRAY, J. W., FINKLE, D. and BROWN, J. M., 1994, Fluorescence in situ hybridization in cancer and radiation biology. Radiation Research, 137, 275–289.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GREINERT, R., DETZLER, E., VOLKMER, B. and HARDER, D., 1995, Kinetics of the formation of chromosome aberrations in X-irradiated human lymphocytes: analysis by pre-mature chromosome condensation with delayed fusion. Radiation Research, 144, 190–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREINERT, R., VOLKMER, B., VIRSIK-PEUCKERT, R. P. and HARDER, D., 1996, Comparative study of the repair kinetics of chromosomal aberrations and DNA strand breaks in proliferating and quiescent CHO cells. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 70, 33–43.
   Google Scholar
• GRIFFIN, C. S., MARSDEN, S. J., STEVENS, D. L., SIMPSON, P. J. and SAVAGE, J. R. K., 1995, Frequencies of complex chro- 38 mosoome exchange aberrations induced by 2 pu a-particles and detected by fluorescence in situ hybrid-ization using single chromosome-specific probes. Inter-national Journal of Radiation Biology, 67, 431–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAHNFELDT, P., HLATKY, L. R., BRENNER, D. J. and SACHS, R. K., 1995, Chromosome aberrations produced by radia-tion: the relationship between excess acentric frag-ments and dicentrics. Radiation Research, 141, 136–152.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HAHNFELDT, p., SACHS, R. K. and HLATKY, L. R., 1992, Evolution of DNA damage in irradiated cells. Journal of Mathema-tical Biology, 30, 493–511.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HLATKY, L. R., SACHS, R. K. and HAHNFELDT, P., 1992, The ratio of dicentrics to centric rings produced in human lym-phocytes by acute low-LET radiation. Radiation Research, 129, 304–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JONES, L. A., GLEGG, S., EDWARDS, S., KENT, C., PEACOCK, J. H. and STEEL, G. G., 1995, The relationship between cell death and residual radition-induced damage. In Radiation Research 1895-1995, Congress Proceedings, vol. I, edited by U. Hagen, H. Jung and C. Streffer (Wurzburg: Wurzburg University Press), p. 380.
   Google Scholar
• JORDAN, R. and SCHWARTZ, J. L., 1994, Noninvolvement of the X chromosome in radiation-induced chromosome trans-locations in the human lymphoblastoid cell line TK6. Radiation Research, 137, 290–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KANDA, R. and HAYATA, I., 1996, Comparison of the yields of translo cations and dicentrics measured using conven-tional giemsa staining and chromosome painting. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 69, 701–705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KELLERER, A. M., 1985, Fundamentals of Microdosimetry. In The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation, vol. I, edited by K. Kase, B. Bjarngard and F. Attix (Orlando: Academic), pp. 77–162.
   Google Scholar
• KELLERER, A. M., LAM, Y.-M. P. and Rossi, H. H., 1980, Biophy-sical studies with spatially correlated ions. IV. Analysis of cell survival data for diatomic deuterium. Radiation Research, 83, 511–528.
   Google Scholar
• KELLERER, A. M. and Rossi, H. H., 1978, A generalized for-mulation of dual radiation action. Radiation Research, 75, 471–488.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KNEHR, S., ZITZELSBERGER, H., BRASELMANN, H. and BAUCHINGER, M., 1994, Analysis for DNA-proportional distribution of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in various triple combinations of human chromosomes using fluorescence in situ hybridization. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 65, 683–690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KNEHR, S., ZITZELSBERGER, H., BRASELMANN, H., NAHRSTEDT, U. and BAUCHINGER, M., 1996, Chromosome analysis by fluores-cence in situ hybridization: further indications for a non-DNA-proportional involvement of single chromosomes in radiation-induced structural aberrations. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 70, 385–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOVACS, M. S., EVANS, J. W., JOHNSTONE, I. M. and BROWN, J. M., 1994, Radiation-induced damage, repair and exchange formation in different chromosomes of human fibro-blasts determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Radiation Research, 137, 34–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEA, D. E., 1946, Actions of Radiations on Living Cells (London: Cambridge University Press).
   Google Scholar
• LICHTER, P., CREMER, T., BORDEN, J., MANUELIDIS, L. and WARD, D. C., 1988, Delineation of individual human chromo-somes in metaphase and interphase cells by in situ suppression hybridization using recombinant DNA libraries. Human Genetics, 80, 224–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOUCAS, B. D. and GEARD, C. R., 1994, Initial damage in human interphase chromosomes from alpha particles with linear energy transfers relevant to radon exposure. Radiation Research, 139, 9–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LLOYD, D. C. and EDWARDS, A. A., 1983, Chromosome aberra-tions in human lymphocytes: effect of radiation quality, dose, and dose rate. In Radiation-Induced Chromosome Damage in Man, edited by: T. Ishihara and M. S. Sasaki (New York: Alan R. Liss) pp. 23–49.
   Google Scholar
• LUCAS, J. N., AWA, A., STRAUME, T., POGGENSEE, M., KODAMA, Y., NAKANO, M., OHTAKI, K., WEIER, H. U., PINKEL, D., GRAY, J. and LITTLEFIELD, G., 1992, Rapid translocation fre-quency analysis in humans decades after exposure to ionizing radiation. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 62, 53–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LUCAS, J. N., CHEN, A. M. and SACHS, R. K. 1996, Theoretical predictions on equality of radiation-produced dicentrics and translocations detected by chromosome painting. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 69, 145–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LUCAS, J. N. and SACHS, R. K., 1993, Using 3-colour chromo-some painting to decide between chromosome aberra-tion models. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 90, 1484–1487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOISEENKO, V. V., EDWARDS, A. A. and NIKJOO, H., 1996, Model-ling the kinetics of chromosome exchange formation in human cells exposed to ionizing radiation. Radiation and Environment Biophysics, 35, 31–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MUENKEL, C., EILS, R., IMHOFF, J., DIETZEL, S., CREMER, C. and CREMER, T. 1996, Simulation of the distribution of chromosome targets in cell nuclei under topological constraints. Bioimaging, submitted.
   Google Scholar
• MUHLMANN-DIAZ, M. C. and BEDFORD, J. S., 1995, Comparison of gamma-ray-induced chromosome ring and inversion frequencies. Radiation Research, 143, 175–180.
   Google Scholar
• NATARAJAN, A. T., BALAJEE, A. S., BOEI, J. J., CHATTERJEE, S., DARROUDI, F., GRIGOROVA, M., NODITI, M., OH, H. J., SLIJEPCEVIC, P. and VERMEULEN, S., 1994, Recent develop-ments in the assessment of chromosomal damage. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 66, 615–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NEARY, G. J., SAVAGE, J. R. K. and EVANS, H. J., 1964, Chromatid aberrations in Tradescantia pollen tubes induced by monochromatic X-rays of quantum energy 3 and 1.5 keV. InternationalJournal of Radiation Biology, 8,1–19.
   Google Scholar
• NORMAN, A. and SASAKI, M. S., 1966, Chromosome-exchange aberrations in human lymphocytes. International Jour-nal of Radiation Biology, 11, 321–328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OHTAKI, K., 1992, G-banding analysis of radiation-induced chromosome damage in lymphocytes of Hiroshima A-bomb survivors. Japanese Journal of Human Genetics, 37, 245–262.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PANDITA, T. K., PATHAK, S. and GEARD, C. R., 1995, Chromosome end associations, telomeres and telomerase activity in ataxia telangiectasia cells. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics, 71, 86–93.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• POHL-RULING, J., ESCHER, P., LLOY DD. C., EDWARDS, A. A., NATARAJAN, A. T., OBE, G., BUCKTON, K. E., BIANCHI, N. 0., VAN BUUL, P. P., DAs, B. C. et al., 1986, Chromosomal damage induced in human lymphocytes by low doses of D-T neutrons. Mutation Research, 173, 267–272.
   Google Scholar
• RABBITTS, T. H., 1994, Chromosomal translocations in human cancer. Nature, 372, 143–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• READ, J., 1965, The induction of chromosome exchange aberrations by ionizing radiations: the 'site' concept. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 9, 53–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REVELL, S. H., 1974, The breakage-and-reunion theory and the exchange theory for chromosomal aberrations induced by ionizing radiation: a short history. Advances in Radiation Biology, 4, 367–416.
   Google Scholar
• RUSSELL, N. S., ARLETT, C. F., BARTELINK, H. and BEGG, A. C., 1995, Use of fluorescence in situ hybridization to determine the relationship between chromosome aberrations and cell survival in eight human fibroblast strains. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 68, 185–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SACHS, R. K., AWA, A., KODAMA, y., NAKANO, M., OHTAKI, K. and LUCAS, J. N., 1993, Ratios of radiation-produced chromosome aberrations as indicators of large-scale DNA geometry during interphase. Radiation Research, 133, 345–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SACHS, R. K. and BRENNER, D. J., 1993, Effect of LET on chromosomal aberration yields. I. Do long-lived, exchange-prone double strand breaks play a role? International Journal of Radiation Biology, 64, 677–688.
   Google Scholar
• SAms, R. K., CHEN, P.-L., HAHNFELDT, P. and MATEY, L. R., 1992, DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. Mathe-matical Biosciences, 112, 271–303.
   Google Scholar
• SACHS, R. K., YOKOTA, H., VAN-DEN-ENGH, G., TRASK, B. and HEARST, J. E., 1995, A random-walk/giant loop model for interphase chromosomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 92, 2710–2714.
   Google Scholar
• SAVAGE, J. R. K., 1970, Sites of radiation induced chromosome exchanges. In Current Topics in Radiation Research, VI, edited by M. Ebert and A. Howard (London: North Holland), pp. 130–194.
   Google Scholar
• SAVAGE, J. R. K., 1975, Radiation-induced chromosomal aber-rations in the plant Tradescantia: dose—response curves, I. Preliminary considerations. Radiation Botany, 15, 87–140.
   Google Scholar
• SAVAGE, J. R. K., 1996, Insight into sites. Mutation Research. SAVAGE, J. R. K. and PAPWORTH, D. G., 1973, The relationship of radiation-induced yield to chromosome arm number. Mutation Research, 19, 139–143.
   Google Scholar
• SAVAGE, J. R. K. and PAPWORTH, D. G., 1982, Frequency and distribution studies of asymmetrical versus symmetrical chromosome aberrations. Mutation Research, 95, 7–18.
   Google Scholar
• SAVAGE, J. R. K. and PAPWORTH, D. G. 1996, Comment on the ratio of chromosome-type dicentric interchanges to centric rings for track-clustered compared to random breaks. Radiation Research, 146, 236–240.
   Google Scholar
• SAVAGE, J. R. K. and SIMPSON, P. J., 1994, FISH `painting' patterns resulting from complex exchanges. Mutation Research, 312, 51–60.
   Google Scholar
• SAX, K., 1940, An analysis of X-rays induced chromosomal aberrations in Tradescantia. Genetics, 25, 41–68.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SCHMID, E. and BAUCHINGER, M., 1996, Comments on `Direct Biological Evidence for a Significant Neutron Dose to Survivors of the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb'. Radiation Research, 146, 479–481.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SCHMID, E., BRASELMANN, H. and NAHRSTEDT, U., 1995, Compar-ison of gamma-ray induced dicentric yields in human lymphocytes measured by conventional analysis and FISH. Mutation Research, 348, 125–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SIMPSON, P. J. and SAVAGE, J. R. K., 1996, Dose—response curves for simple and complex chromosome aberrations induced by X-rays and detected using fluorescence in situ hybridization. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 69, 429–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TANAKA, K., POLP, S., FISCHER, C., VAN KAICK, G., KAMADA, N., CREMER, T. and CREMER, C., 1996, Chromosome aberra-tions in atomic bomb survivors and Thorotrast patients using two- and three-color chromosome painting of chromosomal subsets. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 70, 95–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THACKER, J., WILKINSON, R. E. and GOODHEAD, D. T., 1986, The induction of chromosome exchange aberrations by carbon ultrasoft X-rays in V79 hamster cells. Inter-national Journal of Radiation Biology, 49, 645–656.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TSANEV, R., RUSSEV, G., PASHEV, I. and Z LATANO VA, J., 1993, Replication and Transcription of Chromatin (Boca Raton: CRS Press).
   Google Scholar
• TUCKER, J. D., LEE, D. A. and MOORE, D. H. II, 1995b. Validation of chromosome painting. II. A detailed analysis of aberrations following high doses of ionizing radiation in vitro. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 67, 19–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TUCKER, J. D., MORGAN, W. F., AwA, A. A., BAUCHINGER, M., BLAKELY, D., CORNFORTH, M. N., LITTLEFIELD, L. G.,
   Google Scholar
• NATARAJAN, A. T. and SHASSERRE, C., 1995a, PAINT: a proposed nomenclature for stuctural aberrations detected by whole chromosome painting. Mutation Research, 347, 21–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VIRSIK, R. P. and HARDER, D., 1981, Statistical interpretation of the overdispersed distribution of radiation-induced dicentric chromosome aberrations at high LET. Radia-tion Research, 85, 13–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VYAS, R. C., DARROUDI, F. and NATARAJAN, A. T., 1991, Radiation-induced chromosomal breakage and rejoining in inte rph ase -me tap h ase chromosomes of human lymphocytes. Mutation Research, 249, 29–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WLODEK, D. and HITTELMAN, W. N., 1988, The relationship of DNA and chromosome damage to survival of synchro-nized X-irradiated L5178Y cells. II. Repair. Radiation Research, 115, 566–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, H., DURANTE, M., GEORGE, E., GOODWIN, E. H. and YANG, T. Y, 1996a, Rejoining and misrejoining of radiation-induced chromatin breaks. 2. Biophysical model. Radia-tion Research, 145, 281–288.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu, H., DURANTE, M., SACHS, R. K. and YANG, T. Y, 1996b, A random walk model for interphase chromosomes and the relationship between centric rings, acentric rings and excess acentric fragments induced by low-LET radiation. International Journal of Radiation Biology (submitted).
   Google Scholar
• YOKOTA, H., VAN DEN ENCH, G., HEARST, J. E., SACHS, R. K. and TRASK, B., 1995, Evidence for the organization of chromatin in megabase pair-sized loops arranged along a random walk path in the human G0/G1 inter-phase nucleus. Journal of Cell Biology, 130, 1239–1249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZAIDER, M. and BRENNER, D. J., 1984, The application of track calculations to radiobiology. III. Analysis of the mole-cular beam experiment results. Radiation Research, 100, 213–221.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ZAIDER, M. and Rossi, H. H., 1985, Dual radiation action and the initial slope of survival curves. Radiation Research, 104, S68–76.
   Google Scholar