360
Views
225
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

DNA damage and repair in individual cells: applications of the comet assay in radiobiology

Pages 395-405 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009

  • ALAPETITE, C., BENOTT, A., MOUSTACCHI, E. and SARASIN, A., 1997. The comet assay as a repair test for prenatal diagnosis of Xerodennn pigmntosum and trichothiodystrophy. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 108, 154-159.
  • ARLETT, C. F., LOWE, J. E. HARCOURT, S. A. WAUGH, A. P., COLE., J., ROZE, L., DIFFEY, B. L., MORI, T., NIKAIDO, O. and GREEN, M. H., 1993. Hypersensitivity of human Iymphocytes to UV-B and solar irradiation. Cancer Research, 53, 609-614.
  • BANATH, J. P., FUSHIKI, M. and OLIVE, P. L., 1998, Rejoining of DNA single- and double-strand breaks in human white blood cells exposed to ionizing radiation. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 73, 649-660.
  • BOCKER, W., BAUCH, T., MULLER, W. U. and STREFFER, C., 1997, Image analysis of comet assay measuments. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 72, 449-460.
  • BRISTOW, R. G., HU, Q., JANG, A., CHUNG, S., PEACOCK, J., BENCHIMOL, S. and HILL, R., 1998, Radioresistant MTp53-expressing rat embryo cell transformants exhibit increase DNA dsb rejoining during exposure to ionising radiation. Oncogene, 16, 1789-1802.
  • CERDA, H., DELINCEE, H., HAINE, H. and RUPP, H., 1997, The DNA 'comet assay' as a rapid screening technique to control irradiated food. Mutation Research, 375, 167-181.
  • COLLINS, A. R., DUSINSKA, M., GEDIK, C. M. and STETINA, R., 1996, Oxidative damage to DNA: do we have a reliable biomarker? Environmental Health Perspectives, 104, 465-469.
  • COLLINSm, A. R., DUTHIE., S. J. and DOBSON, V. L., 1993. Direct enzymic detection of endogenous oxidative base damage in human lymphocyte DNA. Carcoinogenesis, 14, 1733-1735.
  • COLINS, A. R., DUXlNSKA, M., FRANKLIN, M., SOMOROVSKA, M., PETROVSKA, H., DUTHIE, S., FILLION, L., PANAYIOTIDIS, M., RASLOVA, K. and VALGHAN, N., 1997, Comet assay in human biomonitoring studies: reliability, validation, and applications. Environmental and Molecular Mutagensis, 30, 139-146.
  • COOK, P. R. and BRAZELL, I. A., 1978. Spectrofluorometric measurement of the binding of cthidium to superhelical DNA from cell nuclei. European Journal of biochemistry, 84, 465-477.
  • DACHS, G. U., PATTERSON, A. V., FIRTH, J. D., RATCLIFFE, P. J., TOWNSEND, K. M. S., STRATFORD, I. J. and HARRIS, A. L., 1997. Targeting gene expression to hypoxic tumour cells. Nature Medicine, 3, 515-520.
  • DEELEY, J. O. T. and MOORE, J. L., 1992. Single-cell microgel electrophoresis: an in vitro assay of radiosensitivity. British Journal of Radiology, 24S, 65-69.
  • EVANS, H. H., RICANATI, M., HORNG, M., JIANG, Q., MENCL, J. and OLIVE, P. L., 1993. DNA double-strand break repair-|>nirdeficiency in TK6 and other human B lymphoblast cell lines. Radiation Research, 134, 307-315.
  • EVANS, M. D., PODMORI., I. D., DALY, G. J., PERRETT, D., LUNEC, J. and HERBERT, K. E., 1995. Detection of purine lesions in cellular DNA using single cell gel electrophoresis with Epg protein, Biochemical Society Transanctions, 23, 434S.
  • FAIRBAIRN, D.W., OLIVE, P. L. and O'NEILL, K. L., 1995. The comet assay: a comprehensive review. Mutation Research. 339, 37-59.
  • FAIRBAIRN, D. W., WALBURGER, D. K., FAIRBAIRN. J. J. and O'NEILL, K. L., 1996. Key morphologie changes and DNA strand breaks in human lymphoid cells: discriminating apoptosis from necrosis. Scanning. 18, 407-416.
  • GEDIK, C. M., EWEN, S. W. and COLLINS, A. R., 1992. Single-cell gel electrophoresis applied to the analysis of UV-C damage and its repair in human cells, Internationa Journal of Radiation Biology, 62, 313-320.
  • GOPALAKRISHNA, P. and KHAR. A., 1995. Comet assay to measure DNA damage in apoptotic cells, Journal Biochemistry Biophysics and Mathematics, 30, 69-73.
  • GREEN, M. H., LOWE, J. E. HARCOURT, S. A. AKINLEYI, P., ROWE, I., COLE, J., ANSTEY, A. V. and ARLETI, C. F., 1992. UV-C sensitivity of unstimuIated and stimulated human lymphocytes from normal and Xeroderma pigmentosum donors in the comet assay: a potential diagnostic technique. Mutation Research, 273, 137-144.
  • HU, Q. and HILL., R. P., 1996, Radiosensitivity, apoptosis and repair of DNA double-strand breaks in radiation-sensitive Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants treated at different dose rates. Radiation Research, 146, 636-645.
  • HU, Q., KAVANAGH, M., NEWCOMBE., D. and HILL, R. P., 1995. Detection of hypoxic fractions in murine tumours by comet assay: comparison with other techniques. Radiation Research. 144, 266-275.
  • HUMAR, B., MULLER, H. and SCOTT, R. J., 1997. Elevated frequency of p53-independent apoplosis after irradiation increases levels of DNA breaks in ataxia telangiectasia lymphoblasts. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 72, 257-269.
  • ILIAKIS, G. E., CICILONI, O. and METZGER, L., 1991. Measurement of DNA double-strand breaks in CHO cells at various stages of the cell cycle using pulsed field gel electrophoresis: calibration by menus of 1251 decay. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 59, 313-357.
  • JOSTES, R. E., HUI, T. E. and CROSS, F. T., 1993. Single-cell gel technique supports hit probability calculations. Health Physics, 64, 675-679.
  • KOPPEN, G. and VERSCHAEVE, L., 1996. The alkaline comet test on plant cells: a new genotoxicity test for DNA strand breaks in Vicia faba root cells. Mutation Research, 360, 193-200.
  • LAI, H. and SINGH, X. P., 1995. Acute low-intensity microwave exposure increases DNA single-strand breaks in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics, 16, 207-210.
  • LEHMANN, J., POLLET, D., PEKER, S., STEINKRAUS, V. and HOPPE, U., 1998. Kinetics of DNA strand breaks and protection by antioxidants in UVA- or UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Mutation Research, 407, 97-108.
  • MALYAPA, R. S., AHERN, E. W., BI, C., SIRAUBE, W. L., LAREGINA, M., PICKARD, W. F. and ROTI ROTI, J. L., 199Bb. DNA damage in rat brain cells after in viro exposure to 2450 MHz. electromagnetic radiation and various methods of euthanasia. Radiation Research. 149, 637-645.
  • MALYAPA, R. S., BI, C., AHERN, E. W. and ROTI ROTI, J. L., 199Ba. Detection of DNA damage by the alkaline comet assay after exposure to low-dose gamma radiation. Radiation Research, 149, 396-400.
  • MARPLES, B., LONGHURST, D., EASTHAM, A. M. and WEST, C. M., 1998. The ratio of initial/residual DNA damage predicts intrinsic: radiosensitivity in seven cervix carcinoma cell lines. British Journal of Cancer, 77, 1108-1114.
  • McCURDY, D., TAIL., L., Q., FRIAS, S. and WANG, Z., 1997, Delayed repair of DNA damage by ionising radiation in cells from patients with juvenile systemic lupus crythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Radiation Radiation Research, 147, 48-54.
  • MCKELVEY-MARTlN, V. J., GREEN, M. H. L., SCHMEZER, P., POOL-ZOBEL, B. L., DE MEO, M. P. and COLLINS, A., 1993, The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay): a European review. Mutation Research, 288, 47-63.
  • McKELVEY-MARTIN, V. J., Ho, E. T., McKEOWN, S. R., JOHNSTON, S. R., McCARTHY, P. J., RAJAB, N. F. and DOWNES, C. S., 1998. Emerging applications of the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. I. Management of invasive transitional cell human bladder carcinoma, H. Fluorescent in situ hybridization Comets for the identification of damaged and repaired DNA sequences in individuals. Mutagenesis, 13, 1-8.
  • McLAREN, D. B., PICKLES, T., THOMSON, T. and OLIVE, P. L., 1997. Impact of nicotinamide on human tumour hypoxic fraction measured using the comet assay. Radiatherapy and Oncology, 45, 175-182.
  • MILLER, D. L., THOMAS, R. M. and BUSCHBOM, R. L., 1995. Comet assay reveals DNA strand breaks induced by ultrasonic cavitation in vivo. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 21, 811-818.
  • MIYAGA, Y., ZHANG, H. and WHEELER, K. T., 1997. Radiation-induced DNA damage in tumours and normal tissues. IV. Influence of proliferation status and cell type on the formation of oxygen-dependent DNA damage in cultured cells. Radiation Research. 148, 29-34.
  • MULLER, W. U., BAUCH, T., S TREFFER, C., NIEDEREICHHOLZ, F. and BOCKER, W., 1994. Comet assay studies of radiation induced DNA damage and repair in various tumour cell lines. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 65, 314-319.
  • NEWMAN, H. C., PRISE, K. M., FOLKARD, M. and MICHALE, B. D., 1997. DNA double-strand break distributions in x-ray and alpha-particle irradiated V79 cells: evidence for non-random breakage. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 71, 317-363.
  • Noz, K. C., BAUWENS, M., VAN BUUL, P., VROLIJK, H., SCHOTHORST, A. A., PAVEL, S., TANKE., H. J. and VERMEER, B.J., 1996. Comet assay demonstrates a higher ultraviolet B sensitivity to DNA damage in dysplastic nevus cells than in common melanocylic nevus cells and foreskin melanocytes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 196, 1198-1202.
  • OLIVE, P. L., 1989. Cell proliferation as a requirement for development of the contact effect in Chinese hamster V79 spheroids. Radiation Research. 117, 79-92.
  • OLIVE, P. L., 1995a. Detection of hypoxia by measurement of DNA damage in individual cells from spheroids and murine tumours exposed to bioreductive drugs. I. Tirapazamine. British Journal of Cancer, 71, 529-536.
  • OLIVE, P. L., 1995b. Detection of hypoxia by measurement of DNA damage in individual cells from spheroids and murine tumours exposed to the bioreductive drugs. II. RSU-1069. British Journal of Cancer, 71, 537-542.
  • OLIVE, P. L., 1998. The role of DNA single- and double-strand breaks in cell killing by ionising radiation. Radiation Research, 150, S42-S51.
  • OLIVE, P. L. and BANATH, J. P., 1993a. Deteclion of DNA double-strand breaks through the cell cycle after exposure to X-rays. bleomycin. etoposide and 125Id Urd. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 64, 319-358.
  • OLIVE, P. L. and BANATH, J. P., 1993b. Induction and rejoining of radiation induced DNA single-strand breaks: 'tail moment' as n function of position in the cell cycle. Mutation Research (DNA Repair). 294, 275-283.
  • OLIVE, P. L. and BANATH, J. P., 1995a, Sizing highly fragmented DNA in individual apoptotic cells using the comet assay and a DNA crosslinking agent. Experimental Cell Research. 221, 19-26.
  • OLIVE, P. L., and BANATH, J. P., 1995b. Radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks produced in historic-depleted nuclei mensured using the neutral comet assay. Radiation Research. 142, 144-152.
  • OLIVe, P. L. and BANATH J. P., 1997. Multicell spheroid response to drugs predicted with the comet assay. Cancer Research, 57, 5528-5533.
  • OLIVE, P. L., BANATH, J. P. and DURAND, R. E., 1990, Heterogeneity in radiation-induced DNA damage and repair in tumour and normal cells measured using the 'comet' assay. Radiation Research, 122, 69-72.
  • OLIVE, P. L., and DURAND, R. E., 1992. Detection of hypoxic cells in a murine tumour with the use of the comet assay. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 85, 707-711.
  • OLIVE, P. L., DURAND, R. E., JACKSON, S. M., LE RICHE, J. C., LUO, C., MA, R., MCLAREN, D. B., AQUINO-PARSONS, C., THOMSON, T. A. and TROTTER, T., The comet assay in clinical practice. Acta Oncologica (in press).
  • OLIVE, P. L., DURAND, R. E., LE RICHE, J., OLIVOTTO, I. and JACKSON, S. M., 1993b. Gel electrophoresis of individual cells to quantify hypoxic fraction in human breast cancers. Cancer Research, 53, 733-736.
  • OLIVE, P. L., DURAND, R. E., WLODEK, D. and BANATH, J. P., 1992. Factors influencing DNA migration from individual cells subjected Io gel electrophoresis. Experimental Cell Research, 198, 259-267.
  • OLIVE., P. L., FRAZER, G. and BANATH, J. P., 1993a. Radiation-induced apoplosis measured in TKG human 15 lymphoblast cells using the comet assay. Radiation Research. 136, 130-136.
  • OLIVE, P. L., HORSMAN, M., GRAU, C. and OVERGAARD, J., 1997, Detection of hypoxic cells in a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma using the comet assay. British Journal of Cancer, 76, 694-699.
  • OLIVE, P. L. and JOHNSTON, P. J., 1997. DNA damage from oxidants: lesion complexity and chromatin organization.Oncology Research, 9, 287-291.
  • OLIVE, P. L., JOHNSTON, P. J. N, BANATH, J. P. and DURAND, R. E., 1998. The comet assay: a new method to examine heterogeneity associated with solid tumours, Nature Mediant. 4, 103-105.
  • OLIVE, P. I., MACPHAIL, S. H. and BANATH, J. P., 1991a, Lack of correlation between DNA double-strand break induction/rejoining and radiosensitivity in six human tumour cell lines. Cancer Research, 54, 3939-3946.
  • OLIVE, P. L., VIKSE, C. M. and BANATH, J. P., 1996, Use of the comet assay to identify cells sensitive to tirapazamine in multicell spheroids and tumours in mice. Cancer Research, 56, 4460-4463.
  • OLIVE, P. L., VIKSE, C. M. and DURAND, R. E., (1994b). Hypoxic fractions measured in murine tumours and normal tissues using the comet assay. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 29, 187-191.
  • OLIVE, P. L., WLODEK, D. and BANATh, J. P., 1991. DNA double-strand breaks measured in individiuil cells subjected to gel electrophoresis. Cancer Research. 51, 4671-4676.
  • OSTLING, O. and JOHANSON, K.J., 1981. Microelectrophoretic study of radiation-induced DNA damage in individual mammalian cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communciations, 123, 291-298.
  • OSTLING, O. and JOHANSON, K.J., 1987. Biomycin. in contrast to gamma irradiation. induces extreme variation of DNA strand breakage from cell to cell. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 52, 683-691.
  • PFUHLER, S. and WOLF, H. U., 1996, Detection of DNA crosslinking agents with the alkaline comet assay. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 27, 196-201.
  • ROSS, G. M., EADY, J. J., MITHAL, N. P., BUSH, C., STEEL, G. G., JEGGO, P. A. und McMILLAN, T. J., 1995. DNA strand break rejoining defect in xrs-6 is complemented by transfection with the human Ku80 gene. Cancer Research. 55, 1235-1238.
  • ROTI ROTI, J. L. and WRIGHT, W. D., 1987. Visiualization of DNA loops in nucleoids from HeLa cells: assays for DNA damage and repair. Cytometry, 8, 461-467.
  • RYDBERG, B., 1984, Detection of DNA strsnd bresks in single cells using floe cytometry. International Journal of Radiation biology, 46, 521-527.
  • RYDBERG, B., 1996. Clusters of DNA damage induced by ionising radiation: formation of short DNA fragments. II. Experimental detection. Radiation Research. 145, 200-209.
  • RYDBERG, B. and JOHANSON, K.J., 1978. Estimation of DNA strand breaks in single mammalian cells. In DNA Repair Mechanisms, edited by P. C. Hanawalt, K. C. Friedberg and C. F. Fox (New York: Academic Press), pp. 465-468.
  • SALAGOVIC, J., GILLES, J., VERSCHAEVE, L. and KALINI, I., 1996, The comet assay for the detection of genotoxic damage in the earthworm: a promising tool for assessing the biological hazards of pollution sites, Folia Biologica (Praha), 42, 17-21.
  • SANTOS, S. J., SINGH, N. P. and NATARAJAN, A. T., 1997, Fluorescence in situ hybridization with comets. Experimental Cell Research, 232, 107-111.
  • SARKARIA, J. N., BUSH, C., EADY, J. J., PEACOCK, J. H., STEEL, G. G. and ARNOLD, J. R., 1998, Comparison between pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and the comet assay as predictive assays for radiosensitivity in fibroblasts. Radiation Research, 150, 17-22.
  • SCHWARTZ, J. L., JORDAN, R ., SEDITA, B. A., SWENNIGSON, M. J., BANATH, J. P. and OLIVE, P. L., 1995. Different sensitivity to cell killing and chromosome mutation induction by gamma rays in two human lymphobhistoid cell lines derived from a single donor: possible role of apoptosis. Mutagenesis, 10, 227-233.
  • SIMM, B. G., VAN ZIJL, P. L. and BROWN, J. M., 1996, Tirapazamine-induced DNA damage measured using the comet assay correlates with cytotoxicity towards hypoxic tumour cells ni vitro. British Journal of Cancer, 73, 952-960.
  • SINGH, N. P., McCoY, M. T., TICE, R. R. and SCHNEIDER, E. L., 1988, A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Expeimental Cell Research, 175, 184-191.
  • SINGH, N. P. and STEPHENS, R. E., 1997, Microgel electrophoresis: sensitivity, mechanisins and DNA electrostretching. Mutation Research, 383, 167-175.
  • SINGH, N. P., STEPHENS, R. E. and SCHNEIDER, E. L., 1994, Modifications of alkaline microgel electrophoresis for sensitive detection of DNA damage. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 66, 23-28.
  • TICE, R. R. and STRAUSS, G. H., 1995, The single cell gel electrophoresis/comet assay: a potential tool for detecting radiation-induced DNA damage in humans. Stem Cells, 13, 207-214.
  • WALLACE, S. S., 1988, AP endonuclenses and DNA glycosylnses ihm recognize oxidative DNA damage. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 12, 431-477.
  • WARD, T. H., BUTLER, J., SHABAKHTI, H. and RICHARDS,J. T., 1997. Comet assay studies on the activation of two diaziridinylbenoquinones in K562 cells. Biochemical Pharmacology, 53, 1115-1121.
  • WOJCIK, A., SAUER, C., ZOLZER, F., BAUCH, T. and MULLER, W. U., 1996, Analysis of DNA damage recovery processes in the adaptive response Io ionising radiation in human lymphocytes. Mutagensis, 11, 291-297.
  • ZHANG, H., KOCH, C. J., WALLEN, C. A. and WHEELER, K. T., 1995, Radiation-induced DNA damage in tumours and normal tissues. 111. Oxygen dependence of the formation of strand breaks and DNA-protein crosslinks. Radiation Research, 142, 163-168.
  • ZHENG, H. and OLIVE, P. L., 19996, Reduction of tumour hypoxia and inhibition of DNA repair by nicotinamide after irradiation of SCCVII murine tumours and normal tissues. Cancer Research, 56, 2801-2808.
  • ZHENG, H. and OLIVE, P. L., 1997. Influence of oxygen on radiation-induced DNA damage and repair in testicular cells of C3H mice. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 71, 275-282.
  • ZHOU, P.-K., SPROSTON, A. R., MARPLES, B., WEST, C. M., MARGISON, C. P. and HENDRY, J. H., 1998, The radiosensitivity of human fibroblast cell lines correlates with residual levels of DNA double-strand breaks. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 47, 271-276.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.