Advanced search
Publication Cover
Drug and Alcohol Review Volume 21, 2002 - Issue 4
Journal homepage
20
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Methadone dose and post-mortem blood concentration

John R. M. Caplehorn School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
&
Olaf H. Drummer Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine and Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Pages 329-333 | Published online: 12 Jul 2009

  • Drummer OH, Opeskin K, Syrjanen M, Cordner M. Methadone toxicity causing death in ten subjects starting on a methadone maintenance program. Am J Forens Med Pathol 1992;13:346-50.
  • Williamson PA, Foreman KJ, White JM, Anderson G. Methadone-related overdose deaths in South Australia, 1984-1994. Med JAust 1997,166:302-5.
  • Caplehorn JRM. Deaths in the first two weeks of maintenance treatment in NSW in 1994: identifying cases of iatrogenic methadone toxicity. Drug Alcohol Rev 1998,17: 9-17.
  • Caplehorn JRM, Drummer OH. Mortality associated with NSW methadone programs in 1994: lives lost and saved. Med J Aust 1999,170:104-9.
  • Zador S, Sunjic S. Deaths in methadone maintenance treatment in New South Wales, Australia 1990-1995. Addiction 2000,95:77-84.
  • Caplehorn JRM, Dalton MSYN, Haldar F, Petrenas A-M, Nisbet JG. Methadone maintenance and addicts' risk of fatal heroin overdose. Substance Use Misuse 1996,31: 177-96.
  • Barren DH, Luk AJ, Parrish RG, Jones TS. An investigation of medical examiner cases in which methadone was detected, Harris County, Texas, 1987-1992. J Forens Sci 1996; 41:442-8.
  • Green H, James RA, Gilbert JD, Harpas P, Byard RW. Methadone maintenance programs--a two-edged sword? Am J Forens Med Path 2000;21:359-61.
  • Cooper GAA, Seymour A, Cassidy MT, Oliver JS. A study of methadone fatalities in the Strathclyde region, 1991-1996. Med Sci Law 1999;39:233-42.
  • Clark JC, Milroy CM, Forrest ARW. Deaths from methadone use. J Clin Forens Med 1995;2:143-4.
  • Servais D, Erkens M. Methadone-related deaths in the area of Aachen, Germany (1994-1998). Rechtsmedizin 2000; 10:65-70.
  • Teichtahl H, Prodromidis A, Miller B, Cherry G, Kronborg I. Sleep-disordered breathing in stable methadone programme patients: a pilot study. Addiction 2001;96: 395-403.
  • Verebely K, Volavka J, Mule S, Resnick R. Methadone in man: pharmacokinetic and excretion studies in acute and chronic treatment. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1975;18:180-90.
  • Eap CB, Bertschy G, Baumann P, Finkbeiner T, Gastpar M, Scherbaum N. High interindividual variability of methadone enantiomer blood levels to dose ratios [Letter]. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:89-90.
  • Drummer OH, Syrjanen M, Opeskin K, Cordner SM. Deaths of heroin addicts starting on a methadone maintenance programme. Lancet 1990;i:108.
  • Caplehorn JRM, Drummer OH. Fatal methadone toxicity: signs and circumstances, and the role of benzodiazepines. Aust NZ J Public Health: 2002;26:358-62.
  • Wolff K, SandersonM, Hay AWM, Ralstrick D. Methadone concentrations in plasma and their relationship to drug dosage. Clin Chem 1991;37:205-9.
  • Pounder DJ, Jones GR. Post-mortem drug redistribution--a toxicological nightmare. Forens Sci lnt 1990;45:253-63.
  • Moriya F, Hashimoto Y. Redistribution of basic drugs into cardiac blood from surrounding tissues during early-stages postmortem. J Forens Sci 1999;44:10-16.
  • Prouty RW, Anderson WH. The forensic science implications of site and temporal influences on postmortem blood-drug concentrations. J Forens Sci 1990;35:243-70.
  • Cook DS, Braithwaite KA. Estimating antemortem drug concentrations from postmortem samples: the influence of postmortem redistribution. J Clin Pathol 2000;53:282-5.
  • Milroy CM, Forrest ARW. Methadone deaths: a toxicological analysis. J Clin Pathol 2000;53:277-81.
  • Levine B, Dixon A, Smialek JE. Site dependence of postmortem blood methadone concentrations. Am J Forens Med Pathol 1995;16:97-100.
  • Gebski V, Leung O, McNeil D, Lunn D. SPIDA User's Manual, version 6. Sydney: Statistical Computing Laboratory, 1992.
  • Armitage P, Berry G, Matthews JNS. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 4th edn. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2002.
  • Shapiro SS, WiIk MB. An analysis of variance test for normality: complete samples. Biometrika 1965;52: 591-611.
  • Kleinbaum DG. logistic regression: a self-learning text. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994.
  • Horns WH, Rado M, Goldstein A. Plasma levels and symptom complaints in patients maintained on daily dosage of methadone hydrochloride. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1975; 17:636-49.
  • Kreek MJ. Consequences associated with the use of methadone. In: Cooper JR, Altman F, Brown BS, Czechowicz D. (eds) Research in the treatment of narcotic addiction: state of the art. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1983:467-82.
  • Benet LZ, Øie S, Schwartz JB. Design and optimization of dosage regimens; pharmacokinetic data. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE. (eds) Goodman & Oilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996:1758.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.