Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) in Australia: no room for complacency

References

• Truswell A S. Australian experience with the Wernicke‐Korsakoff syndrome. Addiction 2000; 95: 829–832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper C. Wernicke's encephalopathy: a more common disease than realised. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1979; 42: 226–231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torvik A, Lindboe C F, Rogde S. Brain lesions in alcoholics. A neuropathological study with clinical correlations. J Neurol Sci 1982; 56: 233–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper C G, Giles M, Finlay-Jones R. Clinical signs in the Wernicke‐Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131 cases diagnosed at necropsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986; 49: 341–345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold J, Perdices M, Lardner K, et al. The Wernicke-Korsakoff project. Final report to the NH&MRC. School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Sydney 1986
   Google Scholar
• Wodak A, Richmond R, Wilson A. Thiamin fortification and alcohol. Med J Aust 1990; 152: 97–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper C G, Sheedy D L, Lara A I, Garrick T M, Hilton J M, Raisanen J. Prevalence of Wernicke‐Korsakoff syndrome in Australia: has thiamine fortification made a difference?. Med J Aust 1998; 168: 542–545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). Report of the 104th session, November 1987. NHMRC, Canberra 1988
   Google Scholar
• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). 2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: first results. Drug Statistics Series no. 13. AIHW cat. no. PHE 57. AIHW, Canberra 2005
   Google Scholar
• Kinner S A, Alati R, Watt K, Najman J M, Fowler G, Green D. Substance misuse, anxiety and depression and urgency of presentation to a public emergency department in Australia. Emerg Med Australas 2005; 17: 363–370
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Victor M, Adams R D, Collins G H. The Wernicke‐Korsakoff syndrome and related neurological disorders due to alcoholism and malnutrition. FA Davis Company, Philadelphia 1989
   Google Scholar
• Cook C C, Hallwood P M, Thomson A D. B Vitamin deficiency and neuropsychiatric syndromes in alcohol misuse. Alcohol Alcohol 1998; 33: 317–336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victor M. Alcoholic dementia. Can J Neurol Sci 1994; 21: 88–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramayya A, Jauhar P. Increasing incidence of Korsakoff's psychosis in the east end of Glasgow. Alcohol Alcohol 1997; 32: 281–285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith I D, Flanigan C. Korsakoff's psychosis in Scotland: evidence for increased prevalence and regional variation. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl 2000; 35: 8–10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hope L C, Cook C C, Thomson A D. A survey of the current clinical practice of psychiatrists and accident and emergency specialists in the United Kingdom concerning vitamin supplementation for chronic alcohol misusers. Alcohol Alcohol 1999; 34: 862–867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson A D, Cook C C, Touquet R, Henry J A. Royal College of Physicians, London. The Royal College of Physicians report on alcohol: guidelines for managing Wernicke's encephalopathy in the accident and emergency department. Alcohol Alcohol 2002; 37: 513–521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook C C. Prevention and treatment of Wernicke‐Korsakoff syndrome. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl 2000; 35: 19–20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ambrose M L, Bowden S C, Whelan G. Thiamin treatment and working memory function of alcohol-dependent people: preliminary findings. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001; 1: 112–116
   Google Scholar
• Talwar D, Davidson H, Cooney, O'Reilly D. Vitamin B1 status assessed by direct measurement of thiamin pyrophosphate on erythrocytes or whole blood by HPLC: comparison with erythrocyte transketolase activation assay. Clin Chem 2000; 46(5)704–710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• te Wildt B T, Andreis C, Auffahrt I, Tettenborn C, Kropp S, Ohlmeier M. Alcohol related conditions represent a major psychiatric problem in emergency departments. Emerg Med J 2006; 23: 428–430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yellowlees P M. Thiamin deficiency and prevention of the Wernicke‐Korsakoff syndrome. A major public health problem. Med J Aust 1986; 145: 216–219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tallaksen C M, Bell H, Bohmer T. The concentration of thiamin and thiamin phosphate esters in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Alcohol Alcohol 1992; 27: 523–530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson A D. Mechanisms of vitamin deficiency in chronic alcohol misusers and the development of the Wernicke‐Korsakoff syndrome. Alcohol Alcoholism 2000; 35(Suppl.1)2–7
   Google Scholar
• Torvic A. Wernicke's encephalopathy—prevalence and clinical spectrum. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl 1991; 31: 381–384
   Google Scholar
• Caine D, Halliday G M, Kril J J, Harper C G. Operational criteria for the classification of chronic alcoholics: identification of Wernicke's encephalopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997; 62: 51–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntosh C, Kippen V, Hutcheson F, McIntosh A. Parenteral thiamine use in the prevention and treatment of Wernicke‐Korsakoff syndrome. Psychiatr Bull 2005; 29: 94–97
   Google Scholar
• Touquet R, Fothergill J, Henry J A, Harris N H. Accident and emergency medicine. Clinical negligence, ch. 293rd edn, M J Powers, N H Harris. Butterworths, London 2000; 1017–1018
   Google Scholar