Drug testing in the Australian workplace: overview of the issues

References

• Hecker S, Kaplan MS. Workplace drug testing as social control. Int J Hlth Services 1989; 19: 693–707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeCresce RP, Lifshitz MS, Ambre JA, Mazura AC, Tilson JE, Cochran KM. Drug testing in the workplace. The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., Washington, DC 1989
   Google Scholar
• Shahandeh B. Drug and alcohol abuse in the workplace: consequences and countermeasures. Int Labour Rev 1985; 24: 207–223
   Google Scholar
• Richardson J. Alcohol taxation to reduce the social cost of alcohol. Technical Report, National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse, Perth February, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Taggart RW. Results of the drug testing program at Southern Pacific Railroad. Drugs in the workplace: research and evaluation data, SW Gust, JM Walsh. NIDA Research Monograph No. 91, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 1989, In
   Google Scholar
• Commonwealth of Australia. Alcohol in Australia: a summary of related statistics. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra 1988
   Google Scholar
• Commonwealth Department of Community Services and Health. Statistics on drug abuse in Australia, 1989. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra 1990
   Google Scholar
• Culhane C. Illicit drug use still declining. The US Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence 1989; 13: 1–1
   Google Scholar
• Commonwealth Department of Community Services and Health. Unpublished statistics on marijuana use from the 1988 national survey from the National Campaign Against Drug Abuse. Drugs of Dependence Branch, Canberra
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser D, McBride JW. Estimating the prevalence of alcohol and other drug related problems in industry. Technical Report, NSW Drug and Alcohol Authority, Sydney 1984
   Google Scholar
• Webb G. The relationship between alcohol and accidents in the workplace. University of Newcastle, New South Wales 1989, Doctoral thesis
   Google Scholar
• Knowles SS, Binns CW, Blaze-Temple D. A pilot study of lifestyle and drug use in a north-west town. National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse, Curtin University of Technology, Perth 1988
   Google Scholar
• Blaze-Temple D, Binns CW, Somerford PJ. The contribution of blood alcohol concentration formulae to establishing a responsible drinking level for females. Aus Drug Alcohol Rev 1987; 7: 369–373
   Google Scholar
• Moskowitz H, Robinson C. Effects of low doses of alcohol on driving-related skills: a review of the evidence. Technical Report (DOT, DHHS 807-280), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC July, 1988
   Google Scholar
• Alcohol and aviation. ICAA News (Quarterly of the International Council on Alcohol and Addictions). 1989/90; 6–6
   Google Scholar
• Modell JG, Mountz JM. Drinking and flying: the problem of alcohol use by pilots. New Eng J Med 1990; 323: 455–461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia. Alcohol drugs and road safety. Report of the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Road Safety, May 1980. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra 1980
   Google Scholar
• Commonwealth Department of Health, Drugs of Dependence Branch. Cannabis a review of some important national inquiries and significant research reports. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra 1984
   Google Scholar
• Hollister LE. Cannabis—1988. Acta Psychiat Scand 1988; 78: 108–118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solowij N, Michie PT, Fox AM. Effects of long term cannabis use on cognitive functioning: an event-related potential study. Paper presented at the National Brain Even-related Potential Workshop, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, December, 1990
   Google Scholar
• Crouch DJ, Webb DO, Peterson LV, Buller PF, Rollins DE. A critical evaluation of the Utah Power and Light Company's substance abuse management program: absenteeism, accidents and costs. Drugs in the workplace: research and evaluation data, SW Gust, JM Walsh. NIDA Research Monograph No. 91, National Institute of Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 1989, In
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Labor. What works: workplaces without drugs. National Institute of Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 1989
   Google Scholar
• Cangianelli LA. The effects of a drug testing program in the navy. Problems of drug dependence 1989, LS Harris. NIDA Research Monograph No. 95, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 1990, In
   Google Scholar
• Terrell A. Screening for drug abuse. J Occup Hlth Safety of Australia and New Zealand 1988; 4: 441–445
   Google Scholar
• Mell C. Employee drug testing: guilty until proven innocent?. Missouri Law Rev 1987; 52: 625–646
   Google Scholar
• Hawks RL, Chiang CN. Urine testing for drugs of abuse. NIDA Research Monograph No. 73, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 1986
   Google Scholar
• Klotz G. Drug testing in the workplace: mechanics and legality. Employee Assistance Quarterly 1990; 5: 33–48
   Google Scholar
• Mule SJ, Lomax P, Gross SJ. Active and realistic passive marijuana exposure tested by three immunoassays and GC/MS in urine. J Analyt Toxicol 1988; 12: 113–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell MR. Employee drug testing—balancing the interests in the workplace: a reasonable suspicion standard. Virginia Law Rev 1988; 969–1009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyer TP, Palmen MA, Johnson P, Charlson JR, Ellefson PJ. Marijuana testing—How good is it?. Mayo Clinic Proc 1987; 62: 413–417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foltz RL, Fentiman AF, Foltz RB. GC/MS assays for abused drugs in body fluids. NIDA Research Monograph No. 32, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 1980
   Google Scholar
• Latessa EJ, Travis LF, Cullen FT. Public support for mandatory drug-alcohol testing in the workplace. Crime and Delinquency 1988; 34: 379–392
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox N (1991) Workplace drug testing: a unionist's view. Screening for drug abuse: a community challenge. Paper presented to the conjoint AMPSAD and the Australian Society of Clinical Biochemists conference, Australian National University, Canberra, February, 1988, J Bell, L Wyndham. The Clinical Biochemist, In Monograph
   Google Scholar
• Laskaris P. Legality of random drug testing of employees. Paper presented at the Indrad Services, Inc. symposium on ‘Contemporary Alcohol and Drug Issues: Implications for the Workplace’, Perth, December, 41990
   Google Scholar
• Model plan for a comprehensive drug-free workplace program. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 1989, Document no. DHHS Pub. no. (ADM) 89-1635
   Google Scholar
• Survey of employer anti-drug programs. US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC January, 1989, Report 760
   Google Scholar
• Transport Canada. Strategy on substance use in safety-sensitive positions in Canadian transportation. March, 1990
   Google Scholar
• National Defence Canada. A comprehensive strategy on alcohol and drug use control on the Canadian forces. March, 1990
   Google Scholar
• Survey of CEO views on substance abuse—and its impact in the workplace. Williamm Mercer Ltd., Toronto 1990
   Google Scholar
• Kreitman N. Alcohol consumption and the preventive paradox. Br J Addic 1986; 81: 353–363
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alcohol Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration (ADAHMA), US Department of Health and Human Services. Sixth special report of the US Congress on alcohol and health, 1986. From the Secretary of Health and Human Services. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Maryland 1987
   Google Scholar
• Walker K, Shain M. Employee assistance programming: in search of effective interventions for the problem-drinking employee. Br J Addic 1983; 78: 291–303
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Homel R. Policing and punishing the drinking driver: a study of general and specific deterrence. Springer-Verlag, London 1988
   Google Scholar
• Smith R. Before drug testing at work. Proceedings of the National Conference on Alcohol and Other Drugs in the Workplace. September. Industrial Program Service, SydneyAustralia 1989; 97–101
   Google Scholar
• Blaze-Temple D, Binns C, Radalj T, Phillips M. Adult drug consumption in Western Australia 1986. Technical Report from the National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse. Curtin University of Technology, Perth 1988
   Google Scholar
• Miller, JD, et al. National survey on drug abuse: main findings, 1982. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 1983
   Google Scholar
• Hawks D (1991) Who is the patient?. Screening for drug abuse: a community challenge. Paper presented to the conjoint Australian Medical Society on Alcohol and Drugs and the Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists Conference, Australian National University, Canberra, February, 1988, J Bell, L Wyndham. The Clinical Biochemist, Monograph
   Google Scholar
• Ames GM, Janes CR. Heavy and problem drinking in an American blue-collar population: implications for prevention. Social Sci Med 1987; 25: 949–960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar