- O'Hare P, Newcombe R, Mathews A, Buning EC, Drucker E, eds. The reduction of drug-related harm. London: Routledge, 1992.
- Heather N, Wodak A, Nadelmann EA, O'Hare P, eds. Psychoactive drugs and harm reduction: from iaith to science. London: Whurr Publishers, 1993.
- Waller T, Holmes R. Hepatitis C: time to wake up. Druglink 1993; May/June:7-9.
- Crofts N, Hopper JL, Scott Bowden D, Breschkin AM, Milner R, Locarnini SA. Hepatitis C infection in a cohort of Victorian injecting drug users. Med J Aust 1993;119:237-41.
- Crofts N, Stewart T, Hearne P, Ping XY, Breschkin AM, Locarnini SA. Spread of bloodborne viruses among Australian prison entrants. Br Med J 199i;310:285-8.
- Coutinho RA. HIV and hepatitis C among injecting drug users: success in preventing HIV has not been mirrored for hepatitis C. Br Med J 1998;317:425-6.
- Stimson GV. Has the UK averted an epidemic of HIV- 1 among drug injectors? Addiction 1996;91:1085-8.
- Gossop M, Griffiths P, Powis B, Strang J. Severity of dependence and route of administration of heroin, cocaine and amphetamines. Br J Addict 1992;87:1527-36.
- Hall W, Hando J, Darke S, Ross J. Psychological morbidity and route of administration among amphetamine users in Sydney Australia. Addiction 1996;91:81-7.
- Gossop M.Griffiths P, Powis B, Williamson S, Strang J. Frequency of non-fatal heroin overdose: survey of heroin users recruited in non-clinical settings. Br Med J 1996;313:402.
- President of the Council. Tackling drugs to build a better Britain: the government's 10 year strategy for tackling drugs misuse. London: Stationery Office, 1998.
- United Nations Drug Control Programme. World drug report. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
- Strang J, Des Jarlais DC, Griffiths P, Gossop M. The study of transitions in the route of drug use: the route from one route to another. Br J Addict 1992;87:473-83.
- Griffiths P, Gossop M, Powis B, Strang J. Transitions in patterns of heroin administration. Addiction 1994;89:301-9.
- Darke S, Cohen J, Ross J, Hando J, Hall W. Transitions between routes of administration of regular amphetamine users. Addiction 1994;89:1077-83.
- Wodak A. Injecting nation: Achieving control of hepatitis C in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 1997;16:27i-84.
- Stimson GV. Public health, injecting drug use, and the future of harm reduction: Where do we go from here? Narrowing the Divide Conference, Mainliners/The HIV Project. London: South Bank Centre, 1997.
- Strang J, Griffiths P, Gossop M. Heroin in the U nited Kingdom: different forms, different origins, and the relationship to routes of administration. Drug Alcohol Rev 1997)16:329-37.
- Strang J, King L. Heroin is more than just diamor- phine. Addict Res 1997;5:iii-vii.
- Loxley W; Davidson P. Forgetting to breathe: opioid overdose and young injecting drug users in Perth. Perth: National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse, 1998.
- Parker H, Bakx K, Newcombe R. Living with heroin; the impact of a drugs epidemic on an English community. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1988.
- Casriel C, Des Jarlais DC, Rodriguez R, Friedman SR, Stepherson B, Khuri E. Working with heroin sniffers: clinical issues in preventing drug injection. J Subst Abuse Treat 1990;7:1-10.
- Des Jarlais DC, Casriel C, Friedman SR, Rosenblaum A. AIDS and the transition to drug injection-results of a randomized trial prevention programme. Br J Addict 1992;87:493-8.
- Hunt N, Stillwell G, Taylor C, Griffiths P. Evaluation of a brief intervention to reduce initiation into injecting. Drugs: Educ Prev Policy 1998;5:185-94.
- Des Jarlais DC, Friedman SR. Target groups for preventing AIDS among intravenous drug users. J Appl Soc Psychol 1987;17:251-68.
- Shelley H; Jones K; Hunt N. Amphetamine injecting: risk, sharing and help-seeking. Maidstone: Maidstone Health Authority, 1993.
- Dole VP, Nyswander M. A medical treatment for diacetyl morphine (heroin) addiction. JAMA 1961;193:80-4.
- Dole VP, Nyswander M. Heroin addiction - a metabolic disease. JAMA 1967;120:19-24.
- Ball JC, Ross A. The effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment: patients, programmes, services and outcomes. New York: Springer Verlag, 1991;
- Ward J, Mattick RP, HaIl W. Key issues in methadone maintenance treatment. Sydney: New South Wales University Press, 1992.
- Farrell M, Ward J, Mattick R, et al. Methadone maintenance treatment in opiate dependence: a review. Br Med J 1994;309:997-1001.
- Strang J, Finch E, Hankinson I, Farrell M, Taylor C, Gossop M. Methadone treatment for opiate addiction: benefits in the first month. Addict Res 1997;5:71-6.
- Capelhorn JR, Bell J, Kleinbaum DG, Glebski VJ. Methadone dose and heroin use during maintenance treatment. Addiction 1993;88 :119-24.
- Newman RG, Peyser N. Methadone treatment: experiment and experience. J Psychoactive Drugs 1991;23:115-21.
- McLellan AT, Woody GE, Luborsky L, Goehl L. Is the counsellor an 'active ingredient' in substance abuse rehabilitation? An examination of the treatment success among four counsellors. J Nerv Ment Dis 1988;176:423-30.
- Southwell M, Jankowska T, Hunt N. Drug transitions: an essential tool in the prevention of HCV among those in methadone maintenance programmes. Narrowing the Divide Conference, Mainliners/The HIV Project. London; South Bank Centre, 1997.
- Fleming PM, Roberts D. Is the prescription of amphetamine justified as a harm reduction measure? J Roy Soc Health 1994;127-31.
- Myles M. Treatment for amphetamine use in the United Kingdom. In: Klee H, ed. Amphetamine misuse: international perspectives on current trends. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1997.
- Klee H, Wright S, Rothwell J. Amphetamine use and treatment. London: Department of Health, 1998.
- Kail K. Amphetamine abuse in Sweden. In: Klee H, ed. Amphetamine misuse: international perspectives on current trends. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1997.
- Klee H. A new target in behavioural research: amphetamine misuse. Br J Addict 1992;87:439-46.
- Hando J, Hall W. Patterns of amphetamine use in Australia. In: Klee H, ed. Amphetamine misuse: international perspectives on current trends. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1997:81-110.
- Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. AIDS and Drug Misuse Update. London: HMSO, 1993.
- Mitcheson M, Edwards G, Hawks D, Ogbourne A. Treatment of methylamphetamine users during the 1968 epidemic. In: Edwards G, Russell MAH, Hawks D, Maccaffery M, eds. Drugs and drug dependence. London: Saxon House Publishers, 1976.
- Farrell M, Howes S, Griffiths P, Williamson S, Taylor C. Stimulant needs assessment project. London: Department of Health, 1998;
- Huizer H. Efficacy of volatilisation during heroin smoking. Netherlands: Ministry of Justice, 1988.
- Strang J, Beam J, Farrell M, et al. Route of drug use and its implications for drug effect, risk of dependence and health consequences. Drug Alcohol Rev 1998)17:197-211.
- Lefebvre C. Social marketing and health promotion. In: Bun ton R, Macdonald G, eds. Health Promotion: Disciplines and Diversity. London: Routledge, 1992.
- Marks J, Palombella A. Prescribing smokable drugs. Lancet 1991;335:864.
- Pharmaceutical Journal. Heroin reefers - a protocol. Pharmaceutical Journal 1994;252:53-4.
- Jankowska T, Southwell M, Picorne W. The implementation of promoting heroin chasing as a harm reduction tool. 8th International Conference on the Reduction of Drug Related Harm, Maison de la Mutualite, Paris, 1997.
- Southwell M. 'Up your bum'--a simple, safer route of drug-taking or a squirt too far! 8th International Conference on the Reduction of Drug-Related Crime, Maison de la Mutualite, Paris, 1997.
- Lewit EM. US tobacco taxes: behavioural effects and policy implications. Br J Addict 1989;84:1217-35.
- Edwards G, Anderson P, Babor TF, et al. Alcohol policy and the public good. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
- Reuter P, Kleinman MAR. Risks and prices: an economic analysis of drug law enforcement. In: Tonry M, Morris N, eds. Crime and justice: an annual review of research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
- Moore M. Buy and bust: the effective regulation of an illicit market in heroin. Lexington: Lexington Books, 1977.
- O'Neil J, Baker PB, Gough TA. Illicitly imported heroin products: some physical and chemical features indicative of their origin. J Forens Sci 1984;29:885-902.
- Power R, Hartnoll R, Daviaud E. Drug injecting, AIDS, and risk behaviour: potential for change and intervention strategies. Br J Addict 1988;83:649-54.
- Griffiths P, Vingoe L, Jansen K, Sherval J, Lewis R, Hartnoll R, Milson M. New trends in synthetic drugs in the European Union. Lisbon: EMCDDA, 1997.
- Dean A. Space and substance misuse in rural communities. Int J Sociol Social Policy 1995;15:134-55.
- Pawson R, Tilley N. Realistic evaluation. London: Sage, 1997.
- Dorn N, Murji K. Drug prevention: a review of the English language literature. ISDD Res Monogr 1992.
Preventing and curtailing injecting drug use: a review of opportunities for developing and delivering 'route transition interventions'
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.