References
- Benade´ AJS, Fincham JE , Smuts CM , Lai Tung MT , Chalton D, Kruger M, Weight MJ , Daubitzer AK & Tichelaar HY (1988): Plasma low density lipoprotein composition in relation to atherosclerosis in nutrition-ally defined vervet monkeys. Atherosclerosis 74, 157–168.
- Choudhury N, Tan L & Truswell AS (1995): Comparison of palmolein and olive oil: effects on plasma lipids and vitamin E in young adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 61, 1043–1051.
- Fincham JE, Faber M, Weight MJ , Labadarios D, Taljaard JJ F, Steytler JG , Jacobs P & Kritchevsky D (1987a): Diets realistic for Westernised people significantly affect lipoproteins, calcium, zinc, vitamins C, E, B6 and haematology in vervet monkeys. Atherosclerosis 66, 191–203.
- Fincham JE, Woodroof CW , van Wyk MJ , Capatos D, Weight MJ , Kritchevsky D & Rossouw JE (1987b): Promotion and regression of atherosclerosis in vervet monkeys by diets realistic for Westernised people. Atherosclerosis 66, 205–213.
- Fincham JE, Gouws E, Woodroof CW , van Wyk MJ , KrugerM, Smuts CM , van Jaarsveld PJ , Taljaard JJ F, Schall R, Strauss JA de W & Benade´ AJS (1991): Atherosclerosis: chronic effects of fish oil and a ther-apeutic diet in nonhuman primates. Arterioscler. Thromb. 11, 719–732.
- Fincham JE, Quack G, Wülfroth P & Benade´ AJS (1996): Confirmation of efficacy of etofibrate against peripheral atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates which model human lesion types I–VII. Arzneim.-Forsch./Drug Res. 46, 519–525.
- Folch J, Lees M & Sloane-Stanley GH (1957): A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497–509.
- Gidez LI, Miller GJ , Bernstein M, Slagle S & Eder HA (1982): Separation and quantitation of subclasses of human plasma high density lipoproteins by a simple precipitation procedure. J. Lipid. Res. 23, 1206–1223.
- Grundy SM & Denke MA (1990): Dietary influences on serum lipids and lipoproteins. Review. J. Lipid Res. 31, 1149–1172.
- Grundy SM & Vega GL (1988): Plasma cholesterol responsiveness to saturated fatty acids. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 47, 822–824.
- Hayes KC & Khosla P (1992): Dietary fatty acid thresholds and cholesterolemia. FASEB J. 6, 2600–2607.
- Hayes KC, Pronczuk A, Lindsey S & Diersen-Schade D (1991): Dietary saturated fatty acids (12 : 0, 14 : 0, 16 : 0) differ in their impact on plasma cholesterol and lipoproteins in nonhuman primates. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53, 491–498.
- Hayes KC, Pronczuk A & Khosla P (1995): A rationale for plasma cholesterol modulation by dietary fatty acids: modeling the human response in animals. J. Nutr. Biochem. 6, 188–194.
- Katan MB, Zock PL & Mensink RP (1994): Effects of fats and fatty acids on blood lipids in humans: an overview. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60(Suppl.), 1017S–1022S.
- Khosla P & Hayes KC (1994): Cholesterolaemic effects of the saturated fatty acids of palm oil. Food Nutr. Bull. 15, 119–125.
- Khosla P & Sundram K (1996): Effects of dietary fatty acid composition on plasma cholesterol. Prog. Lipid Res. 35, 93–132.
- Knott TJ, Pease RJ , Powell LM , Wallis SC , Rall SC Jr, Innerarity TL , Blackhart B, Taylor WH , Marcel Y, Milne R, Johnson D, FullerM, Lusis AJ , McCarthy BJ, Mahley RW , Levy-Wilson B & Scott J (1986): Complete protein sequence and identification of structural domains of human apolipoprotein B. Nature 323, 734–738.
- Kritchevsky D (1995): Fatty acids, triglyceride structure, and lipid metabolism. J. Nutr. Biochem. 6, 172–178.
- Kruger M, Smuts CM , Benade´ AJS, Fincham JE , Lombard CJ , Albertse EA & van der Merwe KJ (1992): Comparison of the effect of the amount and degree of unsaturation of dietary fat on plasma low density lipoproteins in vervet monkeys. Lipids 27, 733–739.
- Langenhoven ML, Kruger M, Gouws E & Faber M (1991): MRC Food Composition Tables, 3rd edn. Parow: Medical Research Council.
- Mattson FH & Grundy SM (1985): Comparison of effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in man. J. Lipid Res. 26, 194–202.
- Mensink RP (1993): Effects of the individual saturated fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoprotein concentrations. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 57(Suppl.), 711S–714S.
- Morin RJ (1976): Rapid enzymatic determination of free and esterified cholesterol content of serum and tissues. Clin. Chim. Acta 71, 75–80.
- Ng TKW (1994): A critical review of the cholesterolaemic effects of palm oil. Food Nutr. Bull. 15, 112–118.
- Ng TKW, Hassan K, Lim JB , Lye MS & Ishak R (1991): Nonhypercholesterolemic effects of a palm-oil diet in Malaysian volunteers. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53(Suppl.), 1015S–1020S.
- Ng TKW, Hayes KC , de Witt GF , Jegathesan M, Satgunasingam N, Ong ASH & Tan D (1992): Dietary palmitic and oleic acids exert similar affects on serum cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in normocholester-olemic men and women. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 11, 383–390.
- Phillips KM, Tarrago´-Trani MT, Grove TM , Grün I, Lugogo R, Harris RF & Stewart KK (1997): Simplified gravi-metric determination of total fat in food composites after chloroform-methanol extraction. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 74, 137–142.
- Rudel LL, Pitts LL , II & Nelson CA (1977): Characterization of plasma low density lipoproteins of nonhuman primates fed dietary cholesterol. J. Lipid Res. 18, 211–222.
- Rudel LL, Leathers CW , Bond MG & Bullock BC (1981): Dietary ethanol-induced modifications in hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates (Macaca nemestrina). Arteriosclerosis 1, 144–155.
- Rudel LL, Bond MG & Bullock BC (1985): LDL heterogeneity and atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 454, 248–253.
- Small DM (1991): The effects of glyceride structure on absorption and metabolism. Ann. Rev. Nutr. 11, 413–434.
- Sundram K, Hayes KC & Siru OH (1994): Dietary palmitic acid results in lower serum cholesterol than does a lauric-myristic acid combination in normolipemic humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 59, 841–846.
- Sundram K, Hayes KC & Siru OH (1995): Both dietary 18 : 2 and 16 : 0 may be required to improve the serum LDL/ HDL cholesterol ratio in normocholesterolemic men. J. Nutr. Biochem. 6, 179–187.
- The Expert Panel (1994): Second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detec-tion, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Choles-terol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II). Circulation 89, 1329–1445.
- Tholstrup T, Marckmann P, Jespersen J, Vessby B & Jart A (1994): Effect on blood lipids, coagulation, and fibrinolysis of a fat high in myristic acid and a fat high in palmitic acid. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60, 919–925.
- Yang C-H, Chen S-H, Gianturco SH , Bradley WA , Sparrow JT , TanimuraM, Li W-H, Sparrow DA , DeLoof H, RosseneuM, Lee F-S, Gu Z-W, Gotto AM , Jr & Chan L (1986): Sequence, structure, receptor-binding domains and internal repeats of human apoli-poprotein B-100. Nature 323, 738–742.
- Zhang J, Wang P, Wang C, Chen XS & Ge K (1997): Nonhypercholesterolemic effects of a palm oil diet in Chinese adults. J. Nutr. 127(Suppl.), 509S–513S.
- Zock PL, de Vries JHM & Katan MB (1994): Impact of myristic acid versus palmitic acid on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in healthy women and men. Arter-ioscler. Thromb. 14, 567–575.