Relationship between cognitive function and regional cerebral blood flow in different types of dementia

References

• Varma AR, Adams W, Lloyd JJ, et al. Diagnostic patterns of regional atrophy on MRI and regional cerebral blood flow change on SPECT in young onset patients with Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia and vascular dementia. Acta NeurologicaScandinavica Apr 2002; 105(4): 261– 269.
   Google Scholar
• Neary D, Snowden JS, Shields RA, et al. Single photon emission tomography using 99mTc-HM-PAO in the investigation of dementia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1987; 50: 1101– 1109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns A, Philpot MP, Costa DC, et al. The investigation of Alzheimer’s disease with single photon emission tomography. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1989; 52: 248– 253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montaldi D, Brooks DN, McColl JH, et al. Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow and cognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1990; 53: 33– 38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeith IG, Bartholomew PH, Irvine EM, et al. Single photon emission tomography in elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease and multi-infarct dementia. Regional uptake of technetium-labeled HMPAO related to clinical measurements. British Journal of Psychiatry 1993; 163: 597– 603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talbot PR, Snowden JS, Lloyd JJ, et al. The contribution of single photon emission tomography to the clinical differentiation of degenerative cortical brain disease. Journal of Neurology 1995; 242: 579– 586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neary D, Snowden JS, Bowen DM, et al. Neuropsychological syndromes in presenile dementia due to cerebral atrophy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1986; 49: 163– 174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snowden JS, Neary D, Mann DMA, et al. Progressive language disorder due to lobar atrophy. Annals of Neurology 1992; 31: 174– 183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller BL, Cummings JL, Villanueva-Meyer J, et al. Frontal lobe degeneration: clinical, neuropsychological, and SPECT character- istics. Neurology 1991; 41: 1374– 1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkstein SE, Migliorelli R, Teson A, et al. Specificity of changes in cerebral blood flow in patients with frontal lobe dementia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1994; 57: 790– 796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neary D, Snowden JS, Northen B, et al. Dementia of frontal lobe type. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1988; 51: 353– 361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafson L. Clinical picture of frontal lobe degeneration of non- Alzheimer type. Dementia 1993; 4: 143– 148.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colin A, Boire JY. MRI-SPECT fusion for the synthesis of high resolution 3D functional brain images: a preliminary study. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Sep 1999; 60(2): 107– 116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi R, Yonekura Y, Matsuda H, Konishi J. Usefulness of a three-dimensional stereotaxic ROI template on anatomically standardised 99mTc-ECD SPECT. European Journal of Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging Mar 2002; 29(3): 331– 341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn. Chicago: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Depart- ment of Health and Human Services Task Force on theAlzheimer’s Disease. Neurology 1984; 34: 939– 944.
   Google Scholar
• Brun A, Englumd B, Gustafson L, et al. Clinical and neuropsy- chological criteria for fronttemporal dementia. Journal of Neurol- ogy, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1994; 57: 416– 418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. ‘‘Mini-mental state’’: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1975; 12: 182– 198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneko M. Dementia and frontal lobe function. Higher Brain Func. Res. (Tokyo) 1990; 10: 127–131 (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Saito T, Kato M, Kashima H. Frontal lobe injury and word fluency. Higher Brain Func. Res. (Tokyo) 1992; 12: 223–231 (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Lezak MD. Neuropsychological Assessment. New York: Oxford, 1983; 422.
   Google Scholar
• Raven JC. Coloured Progressive Matrices. London: Oxford Psychologists Press Ltd, 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Zung WWK. A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry 1965; 12: 63– 70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. STAI Manual. Palo Alto: CA-Consulting Psychologist Press, 1970; 23–49.
   Google Scholar
• Duara R, Barker W, Luis CA. Frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: differential diagnosis. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 1999; 10(suppl. 1): 37–42.
   Google Scholar
• Duara R, Barker W, Loewenstein D, Pascal S, Bowen B. Sensitivity and specificity of positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studied in Alzheimer’s disease and multi-infarct dementia. European Neurology 1989; 29(suppl. 3): 9–15.
   Google Scholar
• Nobili F, Vitali P, Canfora M, et al. Effects of long-term Donepezil therapy on rCBF of Alzheimer’s patients. Clin. Neuropsysiol. Aug 2002; 113(8): 1241– 1248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson DF, Kuhl DE, Hawkins RA, Phelps ME, Cummings JL, Tsai SY. The fluorodeoxyglucose 18F scan in Alzheimer’s disease and multi-infarct dementia. Archives of Neurology Nov 1983; 40(12): 711– 714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gemmell HG, Sharp PF, Evans NT, Besson JA, Lyall D, Smith FW. Single photon emission tomography with 1231-isopropylam- phetamine in Alzheimer’s disease and multi-infarct dementia. Lancet Dec 8 1984; 2(8415): 1348.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frackowiak RS, Pozzilli C, Legg NJ, et al. Regional cerebral oxygen supply and utilization in dementia. A clinical and physiological study with oxygen-15 and positron tomography. Brain Dec 1981; 104(Pt 4): 753– 778.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldemar G, Christiansen P, Larsson HB, Hogh P, Laursen H. White matter magnetic resonance hyperintensities in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type: morphological and regional cerebral blood flow correlates. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry Dec 1994; 57(12): 1458– 1465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkstein SE, Sabe L, Vazquez S, et al. Neuropsychological, psychiatric, and cerebral blood flow finding in vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Stroke Mar 1996; 60(3): 326– 332.
   Google Scholar
• Reed BR, Jagust WJ, Seab JP, Ober BA. Memory and regional cerebral blood flow in mildly symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology Nov 1989; 39(11): 1537– 1539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar