A prospective study examining balance confidence among individuals with lower limb amputation

References

• Bandura A. Self-efficacy mechanism human agency. American Psychologist 1982; 37: 122– 147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calle-Pascual AL, Redondo MJ, Ballesteros M, et al. Nontrau- matic lower extremity amputations in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in Madrid, Spain. Diabetes & Metab 1997; 23(6): 519– 523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malone JM. Complication of lower extremity amputation. In: WS Moore, JM Malone (eds) Lower Extremity Amputation. Philadel- phia: WB Saunders, 1989; 208.
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Institute of Health Information (CIHI). Amputation data by province, age and sex 1996/97. CIHI Hospital Morbidity Database. (unpublished observations).
   Google Scholar
• Tinetti ME, Mendes de Leon CF, Doucette JT, Baker DI. Fear of falling and fall-related efficacy in relationship to functioning among community-living elders. Journal of Gerontology 1984; 49: M140– M147.
   Google Scholar
• Fernie GR, Holliday PJ. Postural sway in amputees and normal subjects. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery [Am] 1978; 60: 895– 898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermodsson Y, Ekadahl C, Persson BM, Roxendal G. Standing balance in trans-tibial amputees following vascular disease or trauma: a comparative study. Prosthetic and Orthotics International 1994; 18: 150– 158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isakov E, Mizrahi J, Ring H, Susak Z, Hakim N. Standing sway and weight-bearing distribution in people with below-knee amputations. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1992; 73: 174– 178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Frang RD, Taylor L, Porter JM. Basic data related to amputations. Annals of Vascular Surgery 1991; 5: 202– 207.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller WC, Deathe AB, Speechley M. The prevalence and risk factors of falling and fear of falling among individuals with lower extremity amputation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabi- litation 2001; 82: 1031– 1037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinetti ME, Speechley M. Prevention of falls among the elderly. New England Journal of Medicine 1989; 320: 1055– 1059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller WC, Speechley M, Deathe AB, Koval J. The influence of falling, fear of falling, and balance confidence on prosthetic mobility and social activity among individuals with a lower
   Google Scholar
• extremity amputation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabi- litation 2001; 82: 1238– 1244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinetti ME. Factors associated with serious injury during falls by ambulatory nursing home residents. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 1987; 35: 644– 648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller WC, Speechley M, Deathe AB. Balance confidence among people with lower limb amputations. Physical Therapy 2002; 82(9): 856– 865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maki BE, Holliday PJ, Topper AK. Fear of falling and postural performance in the elderly. Journal of Gerontology 1991; 46: M123– M131.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Myers A, Gonda G. Research on physical activity in the elderly: practical implications for program planning. Canadian Journal of Aging 1991; 5: 175– 187.
   Google Scholar
• Dillman DA. Mail and Telephone Surveys: The Total Design Method. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Mermelstein R, Kamarck T, Hoberman HN. Measuring the functional components of social support. In: I Sarason, B Sarason (eds) Social Support: Theory, research, and Applications. Dodrecht, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1987; 73–94.
   Google Scholar
• Gauthier-Gagnon C, Grise´ MC. Prosthetic Profile of the Amputee Questionnaire: validity and reliability. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1994; 75: 1309– 1314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gompertz P, Pound P, Ebrahim S. A postal version of the Barthel Index. Clinical Rehabilitation 1994; 8: 233– 239.
   Google Scholar
• Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measure- ment 1977; 1: 385– 401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell L, Myers A. The Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale. Journal of Gerontology 1995; 50: M28– M34.
   Google Scholar
• Miller WC, Deathe AB, Speechley M. Psychometric properties of the Activity-specific Balance Confidence scale among individuals with lower limb amputation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2003; 84: 656– 661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleiss JL. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. 2nd edn.New York: Wiley, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Myers AM, Fletcher PC, Myers AH, Sherk W. Discriminative and evaluative properties of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale. J Gerontol Med Sci 1998; 53A(4): M287– M294.
   Google Scholar
• Brouwer BJ, Walker C, Rydahl SJ, Culham EG. Reducing fear of falling in seniors through education and activity programs: a randomized trial. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 2003; 51: 829– 834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Tennstedt S, Howland J, Lachman M, Peterson E, Kasten L, JetteA randomized, controlled trial of a group intervention to reduce fear of falling and associated activity restriction in older adults. Journal of Gerontology 1998; 53B: 384– 392.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriquez AA, Black PO, Kile KA, et al. Gait training efficacy using a home-based practice model in chronic hemiplegia. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1996; 77: 801– 805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar