References
- Onder G, Penninx B WJH, Ferrucci L. Measures of physical performance and risk for progressive and catastrophic disability: Results from the women's health and aging study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005; 60(1)74–79
- Lord S R, Ward J A, Williams P, Strudwick M. The effect of a 12-month exercise trial on balance, strength, and fall in older women: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995; 43: 1198–1206
- Spector W D, Katz S, Murphy J B. The hierarchical relationship between activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. J Chron Dis 1987; 40: 481–489
- Katz S, Branch L G, Branson M H. Active life expectancy. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 1218
- Health, Labour and Welfare Ministry, http://www.mhlw.go.jp/
- Chen K M, Chen W T, Huang M F. Development of the simplified Tai Chi exercise program (STEP) for frail older adults. Complement Ther Med 2006; 14: 200–206
- Chin A, Paw M JM, van Poppel M NM, Twisk J WR, van Mechelen W. Once a week not sufficient, twice a week not feasible? A randomized controlled exercise trial in long-term care facilities [ISRCTN87177281]. Patient Educ Couns 2006; 63: 205–214
- Hauer K, Specht N, Schuler M, Bartsch P, Oster P. Intensive physical training in geriatric patients after severe falls and hip surgery. Age Ageing 2002; 31: 49–57
- Skelton D, Dinan S M. Exercise for falls management: Rationale for an exercise programme aimed at reducing postural instability. Phys Theory Pract 1999; 15: 105–120
- Forwood M R, Larsen J A. Exercise recommendations for osteoporosis. A position statement of the Australian and New Zealand Bone Mineral Society. Aus Fam Phys 2002; 29: 761–764
- Sato D, Kaneda K, Wakabayashi H, Nomura T. Some effects of water exercise frequency on functional mobility in nursing care elderly. Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med 2007; 56: 141–148
- Devereux K, Robertson D, Briffa N K. Effects of a water-based program on women 65 years and over: A randomised controlled trial. Aus J Physiother 2005; 51: 102–108
- Foley A, Halbert J, Hewitt T, Crotty M. Does hydrotherapy improve strength and physical function in patients with osteoarthritis? A randomized controlled trial comparing a gym based and a hydrotherapy based strengthening programme. Ann Rheum Des 2003; 62: 1162–1167
- Wadell K, Sundelin G, Larsen H K, Lundgren R. High-intensity physical group training in water – an effective training modality for patients with COPD. Respir Med 2004; 98: 428–438
- Granger C V, Hamilton B B, Keith R A. Advance in functional assessment for medical rehabilitation. Top Geri Rehabil 1986; 1: 59–74
- Bernstein N A. On dexterity and its development2nd ed. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 2003; 204–244
- Schmidt R A, Lee T D. Conditions of practice. Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis3rd ed., R A Schmidt, T D Lee. Human Kinetics, Champaign 1999; 285–321
- Fukuhara S, Ikegami N, Torrance G W, Nishimura S, Drummond M, Schubert F. The development and use of quality of life measures to evaluate health outcomes in Japan. Pharmaco Econ 2002; 20(2)17–23
- Fukuhara S, Bito S, Hsiao A, Green J, Kurokawa K. Translation, adaptation, and validation of the SF-36 Health Survey for use in Japan. J Clin Epidemiol 1998; 51(11)1037–1044
- Fukuhara S, Ware J E, Kosinski M, Wada S, Gandek B. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity of the Japanese SF-36 Health Survey. J Clin Epidemiol 1998; 51(11)1045–1053
- Jenkinson C, Wright L, Coulter A. Criterion validity and reliability of the SF-36 in a population sample. Qual Life Res 1994; 3: 7–12
- Pollak N, Rheault W, Stoecker L. Reliability and validity of the FIM for persons aged 80 years and above from a Multilevel Continuing Care Retirement Community. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77: 1056–1061
- Stineman M G, Jette A, Tassoni C J. The Functional Independence Measure: Test of scaling assumptions, structure, and reliability across 20 diverse impairment categories. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77: 1101–1108
- Bohannon R W. Test-retest reliability of hand-held dynamometry during single session of strength assessment. Phys Ther 1986; 66: 206
- Agre J C, Magness J L, Hull S Z. Strength testing with portable dynamometer: Reliability for upper and lower extremities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1987; 68: 454
- Borg G. Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scand J Rehabil Med 1970; 2: 92–98
- Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral science2nd ed. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 1988
- Matsushita T, Matsushima E. The relationship between QOL and lifestyle in the middle-aged and elderly. J Japan Acad Health Sci 2004; 7(3)156–163
- Rejeski W J, Mihalko S L. Physical activity and quality of life in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001; 56A: 23–35
- Hellstrom Y, Hallberg I R. Determinants and characteristics of help provision for elderly people living at home and in relation to quality of life. Scand J Caring Sci 2004; 18: 387–395
- Yu-Ching T, Ruey-Hsia W, Shu-hui Y. Relationship between perceived empowerment care and quality of life among elderly residents within nursing homes in Taiwan: A questionnaire survey. Int J Nursing Studies 2006; 43: 673–680
- Suzuki M, Ohyama N, Yamada K, Kanamori M. The relationship between fear of falling, activities of daily living and quality of life among elderly individuals. Nursing Health Sci 2002; 4: 155–161
- Demura S, Kobayashi H, Kitabayashi T. QOL models constructed for the community-dwelling elderly with ikigai (purpose in life) as a composition factor, and the effect of habitual exercise. J Phys Anthropol Appl Human Sci 2005; 24(5)525–533
- McCartney N, Hichs L A, Martin J, Webber E C. A longitudinal trial of weight training in the elderly: Continued improvements in year 2. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1996; 51(6)B425–433
- Littbrand H, Rosendahl E, Lindelof N. A high-intensity weight-bearing exercise program for older people dependent in activities of daily living and living in residential care facilities: Evaluation of the applicability with focus on cognitive function. Phys Ther 2006; 86(4)489–498
- Bruce B, Fries F J, Lubeck P D. Aerobic exercise and its impact on musculoskeletal pain in older adults: A 14 year prospective, longitudinal study. Arthr Res Ther 2005; 7: R1263–1270
- Goebel S, Stephan A, Freiwald J. Strength training in chronic low back pain. Results of a longitudinal study. Deutsche Zeitschr Sportmed 2005; 56(11)388–392
- Gusi N, Tomas-Carus P, Hakkinen A, Hakkinen K, Ortega-Alonso A. Exercise in waist-high warm water decreases pain and improves health-related quality of life and strength in lower extremities in women with fibromyalgia. Arthr Rheumat 2006; 55(1)66–73