203
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Getting into the game: evaluation of the reliability, validity and utility of the Ignite Challenge scale for school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder

ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 1374-1390 | Received 16 Jul 2022, Accepted 25 Mar 2023, Published online: 23 Apr 2023

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington (VA): American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
  • Maenner MJ, Shaw KA, Bakian AV, et al. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years – autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2018. MMWR Surveill. Summ. 2021;70(11):1–16.
  • Autism spectrum disorder among children and youth in Canada 2018. Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Public Health Agency of Canada; [cited 2022 Jan 20]. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder-children-youth-canada-2018.html.
  • What is autism? Forestville (Australia): Autism Spectrum Australia; [cited 2022 Jan 20]. Available from: https://www.autismspectrum.org.au/about-autism.
  • Autism spectrum disorder. London(UK): British Medical Association; [cited 2022 Jan 20]. Available from: https://www.bma.org.uk/what-we-do/population-health/improving-the-health-of-specific-groups/autism-spectrum-disorder#:∼:text=It%20is%20estimated%20that%20around,the%20support%20offered%20in%20England.
  • Malik-Soni N, Shaker A, Luck H, et al. Tackling healthcare access barriers for individuals with autism from diagnosis to adulthood. Pediatr Res. 2022;91(5):1028–1035.
  • Lee PF. Approach to autism spectrum disorder. Using the new DSM-V diagnostic criteria and the CanMEDS-FM framework. Can Fam Physician. 2015;61(5):421–424.
  • Papadopoulos N, Rinehart N, Bradshaw J, et al. Motor functioning in autism spectrum disorders. In: Patel VB, Preedy VR, Martin CR, editors. Comprehensive guide to autism. Berlin (Germany): Springer; 2014. p. 809–824.
  • Paquet A, Olliac B, Golse B, et al. Current knowledge on motor disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Child Neuropsychol. 2016;22(7):763–794.
  • Fournier KA, Hass CJ, Naik SK, et al. Motor coordination in autism spectrum disorders: a synthesis and meta-analysis. J Autism Dev Disord. 2010;40(10):1227–1240.
  • Craig F, Crippa A, Ruggiero M, et al. Characterization of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) subtypes based on the relationship between motor skills and social communication abilities. Hum Mov Sci. 2021;77:102802.
  • Bhat AN. Motor impairment increases in children with autism spectrum disorder as a function of social communication, cognitive and functional impairment, repetitive behavior severity, and comorbid diagnoses: a SPARK study report. Autism Res. 2021;14(1):202–219.
  • Coffey C, Sheehan D, Faigenbaum AD, et al. Comparison of fitness levels between elementary school children with autism spectrum disorder and age-matched neurotypically developing children. Autism Res. 2021;14(9):2038–2046.
  • Little LM, Sideris J, Ausderau K, et al. Activity participation among children with autism spectrum disorder. Am J Occup Ther. 2014;68(2):177–185.
  • Alseidi RH. An assessment of the motor performance skills of children with autism spectrum disorder in the Gulf region. Brain Sci. 2020;10(9):607.
  • Askari S, Anaby D, Bergthorson M, et al. Participation of children and youth with autism spectrum disorder: a scoping review. Rev J Autism Dev Disord. 2015;2(1):103–114.
  • Jones RA, Downing K, Rinehart NJ, et al. Physical activity, sedentary behavior and their correlates in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0172482.
  • Pan CY, Chu CH, Tsai CL, et al. The impacts of physical activity intervention on physical and cognitive outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism. 2017;21(2):190–202.
  • Stanish HI, Curtin C, Must A, et al. Physical activity levels, frequency, and type among adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2017;47(3):785–794.
  • Licari MK, Alvares GA, Varcin K, et al. Prevalence of motor difficulties in autism spectrum disorder: analysis of a population-based cohort. Autism Res. 2020;13(2):298–306.
  • Bhat AN. Is motor impairment in autism spectrum disorder distinct from developmental coordination disorder? A report from the SPARK study. Phys Ther. 2020;100(4):633–644.
  • Ludyga S, Puhse U, Gerber M, et al. Muscle strength and executive function in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res. 2021;14(12):2555–2563.
  • Berkeley SL, Zittel LL, Pitney LV, et al. Locomotor and object control skills of children diagnosed with autism. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2001;18(4):405–416.
  • Staples KL, Reid G. Fundamental movement skills and autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2010;40(2):209–217.
  • Downey R, Rapport MJ. Motor activity in children with autism: a review of current literature. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2012;24(1):2–20.
  • Wall AET. The developmental skill-learning gap hypothesis: implications for children with movement difficulties. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2004;21(3):197–218.
  • Holloway JM, Tomlinson SM, Hardwick DD. Strategies to support learning of gross motor tasks in children with autism spectrum disorder: a scoping review. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2023;43(1):17–33.
  • Ayvazoglu NR, Kozub FM, Butera G, et al. Determinants and challenges in physical activity participation in families with children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders from a family systems perspective. Res Dev Disabil. 2015;47:93–105.
  • LaVesser P, Berg C. Participation patterns in preschool children with an autism spectrum disorder. OTJR: occupation. Participat Health. 2011;31(1):33–39.
  • Reynolds S, Bendixen RM, Lawrence T, et al. A pilot study examining activity participation, sensory responsiveness, and competence in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2011;41(11):1496–1506.
  • Solish A, Perry A, Minnes P. Participation of children with and without disabilities in social, recreational and leisure activities. J Appl Res Intell Disabil. 2010;23(3):226–236.
  • Potvin M-C, Snider L, Prelock P, et al. Recreational participation of children with high-functioning autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2013;43(2):445–457.
  • Elliott LK, Weiss JA, Lloyd M. Beyond the motor domain: exploring the secondary effects of a fundamental motor skill intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2021;38(2):195–214.
  • Reinders NJ, Branco A, Wright K, et al. Scoping review: physical activity and social functioning in young people with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychol. 2019;10:120.
  • Ceccarelli SB, Ferrante C, Gazzola E, et al. Fundamental motor skills intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder: a 10-year narrative review. Children. 2020;7(11):250.
  • Liu T, Hamilton M, Davis L, et al. Gross motor performance by children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children on TGMD-2. J Child Adolesc Behav. 2014;02(01):1–4.
  • Sorensen C, Zarrett N. Benefits of PA for adolescents and autism spectrum disorders: a comprehensive review. Rev J Autism Dev Disord. 2014;1(4):344–353.
  • Srinivasan SM, Pescatello LS, Bhat AN. Current perspectives on physical activity and exercise recommendations for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Phys Ther. 2014;94(6):875–889.
  • Bremer E, Crozier M, Lloyd M. A systematic review of the behavioural outcomes following exercise interventions for children and youth with autism spectrum disorder. Autism. 2016;20(8):899–915.
  • Dillon SR, Adams D, Goudy L, et al. Evaluating exercise as evidence-based practice for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Front Public Health. 2016;4:290.
  • Sowa M, Meulenbroek R. Effects of exercise on autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2012;6(1):46–57.
  • Ulrich DA. Test of gross motor development. 2nd ed. Austin (TX): Pro-Ed; 2000.
  • Henderson SE, Sugden DA, Barnet AL. Movement assessment battery for children. 2nd ed. London [UK]: Pearson Assessment; 2007.
  • Bruininks RH, Bruininks BD. Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency. 2nd ed. Circle Pines (MN): AGS Publishing; 2005.
  • Ketcheson L, Hauck J, Ulrich D. The effects of an early motor skill intervention on motor skills, levels of physical activity, and socialization in young children with autism spectrum disorder: a pilot study. Autism. 2017;21(4):481–492.
  • Henderson H, Noren S, Williams D, et al. Effects of a physical education program on the motor skill performance of children with autism spectrum disorder. Palaestra. 2016;30(4):41–49.
  • Lourenco C, Esteves D, Corredeira R, et al. Children with autism spectrum disorder and trampoline training. Palaestra. 2015;29(4):20.
  • Pan CY, Tsa CL, Chi CH, et al. Objectively measured physical activity and health related physical fitness in secondary school-aged male students with autism spectrum disorders. Phys Ther. 2016;96(4):511–520.
  • Whyatt CP, Craig CM. Motor skills in children aged 7-10 years, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2012;42(9):1799–1809.
  • Bricout V-A, Pace M, DuMortier L, et al. Motor capacities in boys with high functioning autism: which evaluations to choose. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10):1521.
  • McCauley RJ, Swisher L. Use and misuse of norm-referenced tests in clinical assessment: a hypothetical case. J Speech Hear Disord. 1984;49(4):338–348.
  • Russell DJ, Avery LM, Rosenbaum PL, et al. Improved scaling of the gross motor function measure for children with cerebral palsy: evidence of reliability and validity. Phys Ther. 2000;80(9):873–885.
  • Rosenbaum PL, Russell DJ, Cadman DT, et al. Issues in measuring change in motor function in children with cerebral palsy: a special communication. Phys Ther. 1990;70(2):125–131.
  • Allen KA, Bredero B, Van Damme T, et al. Test of gross motor development-3 (TGMD-3) with the use of visual supports for children with autism spectrum disorder: validity and reliability. J Autism Dev Disord. 2017;47(3):813–833.
  • Liu T, Breslin CM. The effect of a picture activity schedule on performance of the MABC-2 for children with autism spectrum disorder. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2013;84(2):206–212.
  • Breslin CM, Rudisill ME. The effect of visual supports on performance of the TGMD-2 for children with autism spectrum disorder. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2011;28(4):343–353.
  • Menear KS, Smith SC. Teaching physical education to students with autism spectrum disorders. Strategies. 2011;24(3):21–24.
  • Arbour-Nicitopolous K, Bremer E, Leo J, et al. A pragmatic approach to measuring physical literacy and behavioural outcomes in youth with and without disabilities. Leisure. 2023;47(2):209–233.
  • Arbour-Nicitopoulos K, Boross-Harmer A, Leo J, et al. Igniting fitness possibilities: a case study of an inclusive community-based physical activity program for youth. Leisure. 2018;42(1):62–92.
  • Wright FV, Chun CY, Mistry B, et al. Evaluation of the reliability of the challenge when used to measure advanced motor skills of children with cerebral palsy. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2018;38(4):382–394.
  • Wilson A, Kavanaugh A, Moher R, et al. Development and pilot testing of the challenge module: a proposed adjunct to the gross motor function measure for high-functioning children with cerebral palsy. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2011;31(2):135–149.
  • Nordbye-Nielsen K, Maribo T, Wright FV, et al. Reliability and minimal detectable change of the challenge, an advanced motor skills test for children with cerebral palsy, danish version. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(16):4485–4492.
  • Sousa RR, JrBensemann Gontijo AP, Santos TRT, et al. Measurement properties and translation to Brazilian-Portuguese of the challenge for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2021;41(4):372–389.
  • Hilderley AJ, Fehlings D, Chen JL, et al. BeFAST or BeSTRONG: a randomized feasibility trial comparing sports skills training to lower-limb strength training for children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(13):3039–3047.
  • Clutterbuck G, Auld ML, Johnstone LM. SPORTS STARS: a practitioner-led, peer-group sports intervention for ambulant children with cerebral palsy. Activity and participation outcomes of a randomised controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(6):948–956.
  • Frisby C, Braden J. Feuerstein’s dynamic assessment approach: a semantic, logical, and empirical critique. J Spec Educ. 1992;26(3):281–301.
  • Di Rezze B, Rosenbaum P, Zwaigenbaum L, et al. Developing a classification system of social communication functioning of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016;58(9):942–948.
  • Craig F, Fanizza I, Russo L, et al. Social communication in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): correlation between DSM-5 and autism classification system of functioning – social communication (ACSF: SC). Autism Res. 2017;10(7):1249–1258.
  • CanChild. Resources – Autism Classification System of Functioning: Social Communication (ACSF:SC). The ACSF:SC – an introduction. Hamilton (ON); CanChild; [cited 2021 Dec 16]. Available from: https://www.canchild.ca/en/resources/254-autism-classification-system-of-functioning-social-communication-acsf-sc.
  • Kramer JM, Liljenquist K, Coster WJ. Validity, reliability and usability of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory-computer adaptive test for children and young people with autism. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016;58(3):255–261.
  • Smart A. A multidimensional model of clinical utility. Int J Qual Health Care. 2006;18(5):377–382.
  • Plano-Clark V, Ivankova N. Mixed methods research: a guide to the field. Thousand Oaks (CA): SAGE; 2016.
  • Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice, 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): FA Davis Company; 2015.
  • Levac D, Wishart L, Missiuna C, et al. The application of motor learning strategies within functionally-based interventions for children with neuromotor conditions. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2009;21(4):345–355.
  • Wong RKY, McEwan J, Finlayson D, et al. Reliability and validity of the acquired brain injury challenge assessment (ABI-CA) in children. Brain Inj. 2014;28(13–14):1734–1743.
  • Walter SD, Eliasziw M, Donner A. Sample size and optimal designs for reliability studies. Statist. Med. 1998;17(1):101–110.
  • MedCalc Statistical Software; version 19.0.7. MedCalc Software bvba. Ostend (Belgium); [cited 2022 Jan 10]. Available from: https://www.medcalc.org.
  • Bland JM, Altman DG. Measuring agreement in method comparison studies. Stat Methods Med Res. 1999;8(2):135–160.
  • Koo TK, Li MY. A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr Med. 2016;15(2):155–163.
  • Atkinson G, Nevill AM. Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine. Sports Med. 1998;26(4):217–238.
  • Wright V, Avery L, Fehlings D, et al. Assessing advanced motor skills in young people with cerebral palsy in GMFCS levels I and II: Rasch analysis of the challenge. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016;58(Suppl 5):77–78.
  • MacDonald M, Lord C, Ulrich D. The relationship of motor skills and adaptive behavior skills in young children with autism spectrum disorders. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2013;7(11):1383–1390.
  • Hsieh HF, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res. 2005;15(9):1277–1288.
  • Rosenbaum PL, Walter SD, Hanna SE, et al. Prognosis for gross motor function in cerebral palsy: creation of motor development curves. JAMA. 2002;288(11):1357–1363.
  • Khalifa G, Rosenbaum P, Georgiades K, et al. Exploring the participation patterns and impact of environment in preschool children with ASD. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(16):5677.
  • Tajik-Parvinchi D, Rosenbaum P, Duku E, et al. Construct validity of the autism classification system of functioning: social communication across childhood and adolescence. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2021;63(Suppl 3):14.
  • Simpson K, Imms C, Keen D. The experience of participation: eliciting the views of children on the autism spectrum. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(9):1700–1708.
  • Matheson L, Mooney V, Caiozzo V, et al. Effects of instructions on isokinetic trunk strength testing variability, reliability, absolute value, and predictive validity. Spine. 1992;17(8):914–921.
  • Hennessy KF. Development of the Challenge-Coach as a contribution towards understanding physical literacy in children with neuromotor disabilities [Master’s thesis]. Toronto (ON): University of Toronto; 2020.
  • King G, Chiarello LA, Thompson L, et al. Development of an observational measure of therapy engagement for pediatric rehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil. 2019;41(1):86–97.
  • Whitehead ME, Durden-Myers EJ, Pot N. The value of fostering physical literacy. J Teach Phys Ed. 2018;37(3):252–261.
  • Campos C, Duck M, McQuillan R, et al. Exploring the role of physiotherapists in the care of children with autism spectrum disorder. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2019;39(6):614–628.
  • Cardinal BJ, Yan C, Cardinal MC. Negative experiences in physical education and sport: How much do they affect physical activity participation later in life? J Phys Educ Recreat. 2013;84(3):49–53.
  • Gibson BE, Mistry B, Wright FV. Development of child and family-centred engagement guidelines for clinical administration of the challenge to measure advanced gross motor skills: a qualitative study. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2018;38(4):417–426.
  • Pushkarenko K, Dunn JC, Goodwin DL. Physical literacy for children labeled with autism spectrum disorder: mothers’ experiences of ableism, exclusion, and trauma. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2021;38(4):525–545.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.