Physical functioning post-COVID-19 and the recovery process: a mixed methods study

References

• Li J, Huang DQ, Biyao Z, et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes. J Med Virol. 2021;93(3):1449–1458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piroth L, Cottenet J, Mariet AS, et al. Comparison of the characteristics, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza: a nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9(3):251–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens RD, Dowdy DW, Michaels RK, et al. Neuromuscular dysfunction acquired in critical illness: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33(11):1876–1891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herridge MS, Moss M, Hough CL, et al. Recovery and outcomes after the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients and their family caregivers. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(5):725–738.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonelli C, Paneroni M, Vitacca M, et al. Measures of physical performance in COVID-19 patients: a mapping review. Pulmonology. 2021;27(6):518–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heiberg KE, Heggestad AKT, Jøranson N, et al. Brain fog’, guilt, and gratitude: experiences of symptoms and life changes in older survivors 6 months after hospitalisation for COVID-19. Eur Geriatr Med. 2022;13(3):695–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong L, Li Q, Cao X, et al. Dynamic changes of functional fitness, antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and immunological indicators within 1 year after discharge in Chinese health care workers with severe COVID-19: a cohort study. BMC Med. 2021;19(1):163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delbressine JM, Machado FVC, Goërtz YMJ, et al. The impact of post-covid-19 syndrome on self-reported physical activity. IJERPH. 2021;18(11):6017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halpin SJ, McIvor C, Whyatt G, et al. Postdischarge symptoms and rehabilitation needs in survivors of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional evaluation. J Med Virol. 2021;93(2):1013–1022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker-Davies RM, O’Sullivan O, Senaratne KPP, et al. The Stanford hall consensus statement for post-COVID-19 rehabilitation. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(16):949–959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demeco A, Marotta N, Barletta M, et al. Rehabilitation of patients post-COVID-19 infection: a literature review. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(8):030006052094838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell JW, Plano Clark VL. Designing and conducting mixed methods research. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(1):111–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohannon RW. Sit-to-stand test for measuring performance of lower extremity muscles. Percept Mot Skills. 1995;80(1):163–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bestall JC, Paul EA, Garrod R, et al. Usefulness of the medical research council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 1999;54(7):581–586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalchuk Horn K, Jennings S, Richardson G, et al. The patient-specific functional scale: psychometrics, clinimetrics, and application as a clinical outcome measure. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012;42(1):30–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salén BA, Spangfort EV, Nygren ÅL, et al. The disability rating index: an instrument for the assessment of disability in clinical settings. J Clin Epidemiol. 1994;47(12):1423–1435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng Y-S, Kohlmann T, Janssen MF, et al. Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L: a systematic review of the literature. Qual Life Res. 2021;30(3):647–673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y-C, Bohannon RW, Li X, et al. Hand-grip strength: normative reference values and equations for individuals 18 to 85 years of age residing in the United States. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2018;48(9):685–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedenström H. Värt att veta om spirometri. 3rd ed. Skärholmen: Boehringer Ingelheim; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society American thoracic society/European respiratory society ATS/ERS statement on respiratory muscle testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:518–624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sclauser Pessoa IMB, Parreira VF, Fregonezi GAF, et al. Reference values for maximal inspiratory pressure: a systematic review. Can Respir J. 2014;21(1):43–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans JA, Whitelaw WA. The assessment of maximal respiratory mouth pressures In adults. Respir Care. 2009;54:1348–1359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troiano RP, Berrigan D, Dodd KW, et al. Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(1):181–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Gordillo MA, Adsuar JC, Olivares PR. Normative values of EQ-5D-5L: in a spanish representative population sample from Spanish health survey, 2011. Qual Life Res. 2016;25(5):1313–1321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strassmann A, Steurer-Stey C, Lana KD, et al. Population-based reference values for the 1-min sit-to-stand test. Int J Public Health. 2013;58(6):949–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casanova C, Celli BR, Barria P, et al. The 6-min walk distance in healthy subjects: reference standards from seven countries. Eur Respir J. 2011;37(1):150–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen BH, Kolle E, Steene-Johannessen J, et al. Monitoring population levels of physical activity and sedentary time in Norway across the lifespan. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019;29(1):105–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today. 2004;24(2):105–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eldh AC, Årestedt L, Berterö C. Quotations in qualitative studies: reflections on constituents, custom, and purpose. Int J Qual Methods. 2020;19:1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Medical Association World medical association declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310:2191–2194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007;19(6):349–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faghy MA, Maden-Wilkinson T, Arena R, et al. COVID-19 patients require multi-disciplinary rehabilitation approaches to address persisting symptom profiles and restore pre-COVID quality of life. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2022;16(5):595–600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashton R, Ansdell P, Hume E, et al. COVID-19 and the long-term cardio-respiratory and metabolic health complications. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2022;23(2):053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schandl A, Hedman A, Lyngå P, et al. Long-term consequences in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a prospective cohort study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2021;65(9):1285–1292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennell K, Dobson F, Hinman R. Measures of physical performance assessments: self-Paced walk test (SPWT), stair climb test (SCT), six-minute walk test (6MWT), chair stand test (CST), timed up & go (TUG), sock test, lift and carry test (LCT), and car task. Arthritis Care Res. 2011;63(S11):S350–S370.
   Google Scholar
• Gigliotti F. Mechanisms of dyspnea in healthy subjects. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2010;5(3):195–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schouborg LB, Molsted S, Lendorf ME, et al. Risk factors for fatigue and impaired function eight months after hospital admission with COVID-19. Dan Med J. 2022;69:8210633.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rooney S, Webster A, Paul L. Systematic review of changes and recovery in physical function and fitness After severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus infection: implications for COVID-19 rehabilitation. Phys Ther. 2020;100(10):1717–1729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar