Challenging, co-operating and splitting: a qualitative analysis of how the trade press responded to cumulative impact policies in England and Wales

References

• A Canterbury Tale. (2005, August 11). The Publican’s Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Adams, P.J., Buetow, S., & Rossen, F. (2010). Vested interests in addiction research and policy poisonous partnerships: Health sector buy‐in to arrangements with government and addictive consumption industries. Addiction, 105, 585–590. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02815.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, P., Chisholm, D., & Fuhr, D.C. (2009). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies and programmes to reduce the harm caused by alcohol. The Lancet, 373, 2234–2246. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60744-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babor, T., Caetano, R., Casswell, S., Edwards, G., Giesbrecht, N., & Graham, K. (2010). Alcohol: No ordinary commodity. Research and public policy (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Babor, T.F. (2009). Alcohol research and the alcoholic beverage industry: Issues, concerns and conflicts of interest. Addiction, 104, 34–47. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02433.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baggott, R. (2006). Alcohol strategy and the drinks industry: A partnership for prevention? York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Beacon of Best Practice. (2012, August 16). Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, L. (2010). Selling addictions: Similarities in approaches between Big Tobacco and Big Booze. Australasian Medical Journal, 3, 325–332. doi: 10.4066/AMJ.2010.363
   Google Scholar
• Bothwell, E. (2013a, August 2). Swansea Council approves cumulative impact policy. Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Bothwell, E. (2013b, September 26). Liberalisation or the route to restriction? Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Bothwell, E. (2015a, February 4). Nightclub in cumulative impact zone granted 6am licence. Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Bothwell, E. (2015b, February 13). MA300: Health lobbyists ‘increasingly influential’ in licensing decisions. Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Bothwell, E. (2015c, February 25). Industry figures fear cumulative impact policy plans. Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• BrewDog’s Licensing Victory. (2012, October 4). Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Brighton’s Zone Will Stifle Pubs. (2007, October 25). The Publican’s Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Brownell, K.D., & Warner, K.E. (2009). The perils of ignoring history: Big Tobacco played dirty and millions died. How similar is Big Food? Milbank Quarterly, 87, 259–294. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00555.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casswell, S. (2009). Alcohol industry and alcohol policy—The challenge ahead. Addiction, 104, 3–5. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02429.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casswell, S. (2013). Vested interests in addiction research and policy. Why do we not see the corporate interests of the alcohol industry as clearly as we see those of the tobacco industry? Addiction, 108, 680–685. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, L. (2016, October 20). CAMRA calls for end of late-night levies. Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Coulson, P. (2012, 25 January). Protecting the pubs’ interests. Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Egan, M., Brennan, A., Buykx, P., De Vocht, F., Gavens, L., Grace, D., … Mooney, J.D. (2016). Local policies to tackle a national problem: Comparative qualitative case studies of an English local authority alcohol availability intervention. Health & Place, 41, 11–18. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.06.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald, N. (2015). Influencing the implementation of a public health objective in Scottish alcohol licensing: A qualitative interview study – Summary report. Stirling, Scotland: Institute for Social Marketing, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling.
   Google Scholar
• Freudenberg, N. (2014). Lethal but legal: Corporations, consumption and protecting public health. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Giesbrecht, N., Johnson, S., Anglin, L., Greenfield, T.K., & Kavanagh, L. (2004). Alcohol advertising policies in the United States: National promotion and control initiatives. Contemporary Drug Problems, 31, 673–710. doi: 10.1177/009145090403100405
   Google Scholar
• Grace, D., Egan, M., & Lock, K. (2016). Examining local processes when applying a cumulative impact policy to address harms of alcohol outlet density. Health & Place, 40, 76–82. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.05.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenaway, J. (2011). How policy framing is as important as the policy content: The story of the English and Welsh Licensing Act 2003. British Politics, 6, 408–429. doi: 10.1057/bp.2011.18
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handling the Late-Night Trade. (2013, April 25). Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Harrington, J. (2008, January 2). Defeat for Westminster’s pub stress zone. The Publican’s Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Hawe, P., Shiell, A., & Riley, T. (2009). Theorising interventions as events in systems. American Journal of Community Psychology, 43, 267–276. doi: 10.1007/s10464-009-9229-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, B., & Holden, C. (2013). Framing the alcohol policy debate: Industry actors and the regulation of the UK beverage alcohol market. Critical Policy Studies, 7, 53–71. doi: 10.1080/19460171.2013.766023
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins, B., Holden, C., & McCambridge, J. (2012). Alcohol industry influence on UK alcohol policy: A new research agenda for public health. Critical Public Health, 22, 297–305. doi: 10.1080/09581596.2012.658027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden, C., & Hawkins, B. (2013). ‘Whisky gloss’: The alcohol industry, devolution and policy communities in Scotland. Public Policy and Administration, 28, 253–273. doi: 10.1177/0952076712452290
   Google Scholar
• Holden, C., Hawkins, B., & McCambridge, J. (2012). Cleavages and co-operation in the UK alcohol industry: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 12, 483. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Home Office. (2010, October). Revised Guidance Issued under Section 182 of the Licensing Act 2003. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228955/9781849873499.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Home Office. (2012, April). Revised Guidance Issued under Section 182 of the Licensing Act 2003. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228877/9780108511400.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Home Office. (2016, November). National Statistics: Alcohol and late night refreshment licensing England and Wales 31 March 2016. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/alcohol-and-late-night-refreshment-licensing-england-and-wales-31-march-2016/alcohol-and-late-night-refreshment-licensing-england-and-wales-31-march-2016#premises-licences
   Google Scholar
• Home Office. (2017, April). Revised Guidance Issued under Section 182 of the Licensing Act 2003. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/607237/182Guidance_05_04_17.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, J.D., & Ronit, K. (2015). The EU pledge for responsible marketing of food and beverages to children: Implementation in food companies. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69, 896–901. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katikireddi, S.V., & Hilton, S. (2015). How did policy actors use mass media to influence the Scottish alcohol minimum unit pricing debate? Comparative analysis of newspapers, evidence submissions and interviews. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 22, 124–134. doi: 10.3109/09687637.2014.977228
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katikireddi, S.V., Hilton, S., Bonell, C., & Bond, L. (2014). Understanding the development of minimum unit pricing of alcohol in Scotland: A qualitative study of the policy process. PLoS One, 9, e91185. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kickbusch, I. (2012). Addressing the interface of the political and commercial determinants of health. Health Promotion International, 27, 427–428. doi: 10.1093/heapro/das057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knai, C., Petticrew, M., Durand, M.A., Eastmure, E., & Mays, N. (2015). Are the Public Health Responsibility Deal alcohol pledges likely to improve public health? An evidence synthesis. Addiction, 110, 1232–1246. doi: 10.1111/add.12855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knai, C., Petticrew, M., Mays, N., Durand, M.A., & Eastmure, E. (2015). Knai and colleagues’ response to comments of the Portman Group in news story about their research on the ‘responsibility deal’ on alcohol. BMJ, 350, h2063. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h2063
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Licensees Run the Risk of Over-Zealous Enforcement. (2013, April 18). Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• M&C Report Team. (2011, July 6). Brigton operators slate licence restriction plan. M&C Report.
   Google Scholar
• M&C Report Team. (2012, September 17). Judge slates council for denying BrewDog licence. M&C Report.
   Google Scholar
• Maclennan, B., Kypri, K., Room, R., & Langley, J. (2013). Local government alcohol policy development: Case studies in three New Zealand communities. Addiction, 108, 885–895. doi: 10.1111/add.12017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, J.H. (2014). Toward a systemic ethics of public–private partnerships related to food and health. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 24, 267–299. doi: 10.1353/ken.2014.0022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martineau, F., Graff, H., Mitchell, C., & Lock, K. (2013). Responsibility without legal authority? Tackling alcohol-related health harms through licensing and planning policy in local government. Journal of Public Health, 36, 435–442. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdt079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martineau, F., Tyner, E., Lorenc, T., Petticrew, M., & Lock, K. (2013). Population-level interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm: An overview of systematic reviews. Preventive Medicine, 57, 278–296. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.06.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martino, F.P., Miller, P.G., Coomber, K.C., Hancock, L., & Kypri, K. (2017). Analysis of alcohol industry submissions against marketing regulation. PLoS One, 12, e0170366. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCambridge, J. (2012). Dealing responsibly with the alcohol industry in London. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 47, 635–637. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/ags107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCambridge, J., Hawkins, B., & Holden, C. (2013). Industry use of evidence to influence alcohol policy: A case study of submissions to the 2008 Scottish government consultation. PLoS Medicine, 10, e1001431. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGill, E., Marks, D., Sumpter, C., & Egan, M. (2016). Consequences of removing cheap, super-strength beer and cider: A qualitative study of a UK local alcohol availability intervention. BMJ Open, 6, e010759. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, P.G., de Groot, F., McKenzie, S., & Droste, N. (2011). Vested interests in addiction research and policy. Alcohol industry use of social aspect public relations organizations against preventative health measures. Addiction, 106, 1560–1567. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03499.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moodie, R., Stuckler, D., Monteiro, C., Sheron, N., Neal, B., Thamarangsi, T., … Group, L.N.A. (2013). Profits and pandemics: Prevention of harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink industries. The Lancet, 381, 670–679. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62089-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholls, J. (2015). Public health and alcohol licensing in the UK: Challenges, opportunities, and implications for policy and practice. Contemporary Drug Problems, 42, 87–105. doi: 10.1177/0091450915579875
   Google Scholar
• Orford, J. (2013). Power, powerlessness and addiction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Petticrew, M., Douglas, N., D’Souza, P., Shi, Y.M., Durand, M.A., Knai, C., … Mays, N. (2017). Community Alcohol Partnerships with the alcohol industry: what is their purpose and are they effective in reducing alcohol harms? Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdw139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petticrew, M.P., Lee, K., & McKee, M. (2012). Type A behavior pattern and coronary heart disease: Philip Morris’s ‘crown jewel’. American Journal of Public Health, 102, 2018–2025. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poppleston, A. (2016, March 21). Cumulative impact policies: The fears over their use. Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Ronit, K., & Jensen, J.D. (2014). Obesity and industry self-regulation of food and beverage marketing: A literature review. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68, 753–759. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saturation Policies for Councils Have Pitfalls. (2004, April 15). The Publican’s Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Savell, E., Fooks, G., & Gilmore, A.B. (2016). How does the alcohol industry attempt to influence marking regulations? A systematic review. Addiction, 11, 18–32. doi: 10.1111/add.13048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Science and Technology Select Committee. (2011). Behaviour change. HL Paper 179 (Second Report, Session 2010–12). London, UK: The Stationary Office.
   Google Scholar
• Sutherland, E. (2015, September 4). Licensees say 'no' to all new pubs. Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Szmigin, I., Griffin, C., Mistral, W., Bengry-Howell, A., Weale, L., & Hackley, C. (2008). Re-framing ‘binge drinking’ as calculated hedonism: Empirical evidence from the UK. International Journal of Drug Policy, 19, 359–366. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.08.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walton, M. (2014). Applying complexity theory: A review to inform evaluation design. Evaluation and Program Planning, 45, 119–126. doi: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2014.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, R., & Marteau, T. (2013). Commentary on Casswell (2013): The commercial determinants of health. Addiction, 108, 686–687. doi: 10.1111/add.12118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WilliamReed Business Media 1. (2017). Morning Advertiser. Retrieved from http://shop.william-reed.com/store/products,publicans-morning-advertiser_93.htm
   Google Scholar
• WilliamReed Business Media 2. MCA Report (formerly M&C Report). Retrieved from http://shop.william-reed.com/store/products,mc-report_103.htm
   Google Scholar
• WilliamReed Business Media 3. (2017). OffLicence News. Retrieved from http://shop.william-reed.com/store/products,off-licence-news_94.htm
   Google Scholar
• WilliamReed Business Media 4. (2017). Convenience Store. Retrieved from http://shop.william-reed.com/store/products,convenience-store_97.htm
   Google Scholar
• WilliamReed Business Media 5. (2017). Forecourt Trader. Retrieved from http://shop.william-reed.com/store/products,forecourt-trader_99.htm
   Google Scholar
• WilliamReed Business Media 6. (2017). The Grocer. Retrieved from https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/about-us/
   Google Scholar
• Wilmore, J. (2010a, September 9). Westminster plans radical off-trade clampdown. The Publican’s Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Wilmore, J. (2010b, September 16). Watford to ban new off-licences. The Publican’s Morning Advertiser.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, J. (2016, April 20). Warning over alcohol licensing proposals. Forecourt Trader.
   Google Scholar
• Woodhouse, J. (2015). Alcohol: Cumulative impact policies. Briefing Paper 07269: House of Commons Library.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation. (2014). Global status report on alcohol and health – 2014. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organisation.
   Google Scholar