Comparing three stages of addiction recovery: long-term recovery and its relation to housing problems, crime, occupation situation, and substance use

References

• Anthony, W. A. (1993). Recovery from mental illness: The guiding vision of the mental health service system in the 1990s. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 16(4), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0095655
   Google Scholar
• Antoine, J. (2017). De TDI-registratie in België.
   Google Scholar
• Armoedebestrijding (2017). Hoeveel daklozen zijn er in België? http://www.armoedebestrijding.be/cijfers_daklozen.htm
   Google Scholar
• Best, D. (2015, May). Australian Life in Recovery Survey.
   Google Scholar
• Best, D., Albertson, K., Irving, J., Lightowlers, C., Mama-Rudd, A., & Chaggar, A. (2015, September). UK Life in Recovery Survey.
   Google Scholar
• Best, D., Bamber, S., Battersby, A., Gilman, M., Groshkova, T., Honor, S., McCartney, D., Yates, R., & White, W. (2010). Recovery and straw men: An analysis of the objections raised to the transition to a recovery model in UK addiction services. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 5(3-4), 264–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/1556035X.2010.523362
   Google Scholar
• Best, D., Beckwith, M., Haslam, C., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Mawson, E., & Lubman, D. I. (2016). Overcoming alcohol and other drug addiction as a process of social identity transition: the social identity model of recovery (SIMOR). Addiction Research & Theory. 24(2), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2015.1075980
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Best, D., & Colman, C. (2019). Let’s celebrate recovery. Inclusive Cities working together to support social cohesion. Addiction Research & Theory, 27(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2018.1520223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Best, D., & Laudet, A. (2010). The Potential of Recovery Capital. RSA Projects.
   Google Scholar
• Best, D., & Savic, M. (2015). Substance abuse and offending: Pathways to recovery. In R. Sheehan & J. Ogloff (Eds.), Working within the forensic paradigm. CrossDiscipline approaches for policy and practice (pp. 259–271). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Best, D., Savic, M., Bathish, R., Edwards, M., Irving, J., Cano, I., & Albertson, K. (2018). Life in recovery in Australia and the United Kingdom: Do stages of recovery differ across national boundaries? Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 36(4), 530–541. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347324.2018.1492336
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Best, D., Vanderplasschen, W., Van de Mheen, D., De Maeyer, J., Colman, C., Vander Laenen, F., Irving, J., Andersson, C., Edwards, M., Bellaert, L., Martinelli, T., Graham, S., Hamer, R., & Nagelhout, G. E. (2018). REC-PATH (Recovery Pathways): Overview of a four-country study of pathways to recovery from problematic drug use. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 36(4), 517–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347324.2018.1488550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Betty Ford Institute Consensus Panel. (2007). What is recovery? A working definition from the Betty Ford Institute. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 33(3), 221–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2007.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg, M., Sells, D., Topor, A., Mezzina, R., Marin, I., & Davidson, L. (2005). What makes a house a home: The role of material resources in recovery from severe mental illness. American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 8(3), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487760500339394
   Google Scholar
• Colman, C., & Vander Laenen, F. (2017). The desistance process of offenders who misuse drugs. In E. L. Hart & E. F. J. C. van Ginneken (Eds.), New perspectives on desistance: Theoretical and empirical developments (pp. 61–84). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, L., & White, W. (2007). The concept of recovery as an organizing principle for integrating mental health and addiction services. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 34(2), 109–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-007-9053-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vet, R., Beijersbergen, M. D., Lako, D. A. M., van Hemert, A. M., Herman, D. B., & Wolf, J. R. L. M. (2019). Differences between homeless women and men before and after the transition from shelter to community living: A longitudinal analysis. Health & Social Care in the Community, 27(5), 1193–1203. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekkers, A., De Ruysscher, C., & Vanderplasschen, W. (2019). Perspectives of cocaine users on addiction recovery: a qualitative study following a CRA + vouchers programme. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2019.1687647
   Google Scholar
• Dekkers, A., De Ruysscher, C., & Vanderplasschen, W. (2020). Perspectives on addiction recovery: focus groups with individuals in recovery and family members. Addiction Research & Theory. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2020.1714037
   Google Scholar
• Dennis, M. L., Foss, M. A., & Scott, C. K. (2007). An Eight-Year Perspective on the Relationship Between the Duration of Abstinence and Other Aspects of Recovery. Evaluation Review, 31(6), 585–612. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X07307771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis, M., & Scott, C. K. (2007). Managing addiction as a chronic condition. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 4(1), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1151/ascp074145
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dennis, M. L., Scott, C. K., Funk, R., & Foss, M. A. (2005). The duration and correlates of addiction and treatment careers. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 28(2), S51–S62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2004.10.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis, M. L., Scott, C. K., & Laudet, A. (2014). Beyond bricks and mortar: Recent research on substance use disorder recovery management. Current Psychiatry Reports, 16(4), 442 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0442-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dom, G. (2017). Verslaving in de 21ste eeuw: actuele visies en theorievorming. In W. Vanderplasschen & F. Vander Laenen (Eds.), Naar een herstelondersteunende verslavingszorg: Praktijk en beleid (pp. 21–44). Acco.
   Google Scholar
• Dom, G., & van den Brink, W. (2016). Middelengerelateerde en verslavingsstoornissen. In M. Hengeveld, A. J. L. M. Van Balkom, K. Heeringen, & B. Sabbe (Eds.), Leerboek psychiatrie (Derde) (pp. 505–525). De Tijdstroom.
   Google Scholar
• Douglas, S., & Craig, S. S. (2006). Collaborative and iterative translation: An alternative approach to instrument translation. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.946274
   Google Scholar
• Doukas, N., & Cullen, J. (2009). Recovered, in recovery or recovering from substance abuse? A question of identity. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 41(4), 391–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2009.10399778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuPont, R. L., Compton, W. M., & McLellan, A. T. (2015). Five-year recovery: A new standard for assessing effectiveness of substance use disorder treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 58, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2015.06.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn, P. M., Joe, G. W., Broome, K. M., Simpson, D. D., & Brown, B. S. (2003). Looking Back on Cocaine Dependence: Reasons for Recovery. The American Journal on Addictions, 12(5), 398–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2003.tb00483.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GGZ NL. (2013). Een visie op verslaving en verslavingszorg: focus op preventie en herstel (No. 392). Ede.
   Google Scholar
• Gossop, M., Trakada, K., Stewart, D., & Witton, J. (2005). Reductions in criminal convictions after addiction treatment: 5-year follow-up. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 79(3), 295–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.01.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homeless Link. (2015). Homelessness in numbers: health needs AUDIT. https://www.homeless.org.uk/facts/homelessness-in-numbers/health-needs-audit-explore-data
   Google Scholar
• Hopper, K. (2007). Rethinking social recovery in schizophrenia: What a capabilities approach might offer. Social Science & Medicine (1982)), 65(5), 868–879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.04.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hser, Y.-I. (2007). Predicting long-term stable recovery from heroin addiction: findings from a 33-year follow-up study. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 26(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1300/J069v26n01_07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hser, Y.-I., Anglin, M. D., Grella, C., Longshore, D., & Prendergast, M. L. (1997). Drug treatment careers. A conceptual framework and existing research findings. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 14(6), 543–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-5472(97)00016-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaskutas, L. A., Borkman, T. J., Laudet, A., Ritter, L. A., Witbrodt, J., Subbaraman, M. S., Stunz, A., & Bond, J. (2014). Elements that define recovery: The experiential perspective. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75(6), 999–1010. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2014.75.999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, J. F., & Hoeppner, B. (2015). A biaxial formulation of the recovery construct. Addiction Research & Theory, 23(1), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2014.930132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langendam, M. W., van Brussel, G. H., Coutinho, R. A., & van Ameijden, E. J. (2000). Methadone maintenance and cessation of injecting drug use: Results from the Amsterdam Cohort Study. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 95(4), 591–600. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.95459110.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laudet, A. B. (2013, April). “Life in Recovery” Report on the Survey Findings (pp. 1–38).
   Google Scholar
• Laudet, A. B., & White, W. (2010). What are your priorities right now? Identifying service needs across recovery stages to inform service development. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 38(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2009.06.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laudet, A. B., & White, W. L. (2008). Recovery capital as prospective predictor of sustained recovery, life satisfaction, and stress among former poly-substance users. Substance Use & Misuse, 43(1), 27–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080701681473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malos, E., & Hague, G. (1997). Women, housing, homelessness and domestic violence. Women's Studies International Forum, 20(3), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5395(97)00023-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAweeney, M. J., Zucker, R. A., Fitzgerald, H. E., Puttler, L. I., & Wong, M. M. (2005). Individual and partner predictors of recovery from alcohol-use disorder over a nine-year interval: findings from a community sample of alcoholic married men. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 66(2), 220–228. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2005.66.220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLellan, A. T., Lewis, D. C., O'Brien, C. P., & Kleber, H. D. (2000). Drug Dependence, a Chronic Medical illness: implications for treatment, insurance, and outcomes evaluation. JAMA, 284(13), 1689–1695. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.13.1689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLellan, A. T., McKay, J. R., Forman, R., Cacciola, J., & Kemp, J. (2005). Reconsidering the evaluation of addiction treatment: from retrospective follow-up to concurrent recovery monitoring. Addiction (Abingdon, England)), 100(4), 447–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01012.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McQuaid, R. J., & Dell, C. (2018). Life in recovery from addiction in Canada: Examining gender pathways with a focus on the female experience. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 36(4), 499–516. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347324.2018.1502642
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mcquaid, R., Malik, A., Baydack, N., Stargardter, M., & Morrisey, M. (2017). Life in Recovery from Addiction in Canada (Technical Report).
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Justice (2017). The impact of community-based drug and alcohol treatment on re-offending.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, O. J. (1994). Extended length of Sobriety. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 12(1), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.1300/J020v12n01_05
   Google Scholar
• Neale, J., Finch, E., Marsden, J., Mitcheson, L., Rose, D., Strang, J., Tompkins, C., Wheeler, C., & Wykes, T. (2014). How should we measure addiction recovery? Analysis of service provider perspectives using online Delphi groups. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 21(4), 310–323. https://doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2014.918089
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Notley, C., Blyth, A., Maskrey, V., Pinto, H., & Holland, R. (2015). Exploring the concepts of abstinence and recovery through the experiences of long-term opiate substitution clients. Substance Abuse, 36(2), 232–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2014.941085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price-Robertson, R., Obradovic, A., & Morgan, B. (2017). Relational recovery: Beyond individualism in the recovery approach. Advances in Mental Health, 15(2), 108–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/18387357.2016.1243014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAMHSA. (2008). National Outcomes Measures (NOMS): A message from the Administrator. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
   Google Scholar
• Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (2003). Life-course desisters? Trajectories of crime among delinquent boys followed to the age of 70. Criminology, 41(3), 555–592. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb00997.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaftenaar, P., Outheusden, V., Stams, G., & Baart, A. (2018). Relational caring and contact after treatment. An evaluation study on criminal recidivism. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 60, 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.07.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schutte, K. K., Byrne, F. E., Brennan, P. L., & Moos, R. H. (2001). Successful remission of late-life drinking problems: A 10-year follow-up. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 62(3), 322–334. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2001.62.322
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scott, C. K., Dennis, M. L., & Foss, M. A. (2005). Utilizing Recovery Management Checkups to shorten the cycle of relapse, treatment reentry, and recovery. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 78(3), 325–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.12.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, C. K., Foss, M. A., & Dennis, M. L. (2005). Pathways in the relapse—treatment—recovery cycle over 3 years. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 28(2), S63–S72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2004.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, N. G., Galai, N., Celentano, D. D., Vlahov, D., & Strathdee, S. A. (2006). Longitudinal predictors of injection cessation and subsequent relapse among a cohort of injection drug users in Baltimore, MD, 1988-2000. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 83(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson, D. D. (2002). A conceptual framework for transferring research to practice. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 22(4), 171–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-5472(02)00231-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson, D. D., & Joe, G. W. (2004). A longitudinal evaluation of treatment engagement and recovery stages. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 27(2), 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2004.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slade, M. (2010). Mental illness and well-being: the central importance of positive psychology and recovery approaches. BMC Health Services Research, 10(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straaten, B. V., Mheen, D. V. D., Laan, J. V. D., Rodenburg, G., Boersma, S. N., & Wolf, J. R. L. M. (2016). Homeless people in the Netherlands: CODA-G4, a 2.5-year follow-up study. European Journal of Homelessness, 10(1), 101–116.
   Google Scholar
• Topor, A., Borg, M., Di Girolamo, S., & Davidson, L. (2011). Not just an individual journey: Social aspects of recovery. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 57(1), 90–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764009345062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UK Drug Policy Commission. (2008, July). A Vision of Recovery, Policy Report (pp. 1–9).
   Google Scholar
• Vaillant, G. E. (2003). A 60-year follow-up of alcoholic men. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 98(8), 1043–1051. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00422.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaillant, G. E. (2012). Triumphs of experience. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Valentine, P. (2010). Peer-based recovery support services within a recovery community organization: The CCAR experience. In J. F. Kelly & W. White (Eds.), Addiction recovery management (pp. 259–279). Humana Press.
   Google Scholar
• van der Stel, J. (2014). Innovatie rond herstel. In M. Stollenga (Ed.), Herstel binnen de verslavingszorg (pp. 1–13). Bohn Stafleu van Loghum.
   Google Scholar
• Van Deurzen, J. (2015). Visienota: Naar een geïntegreerde en herstelgerichte zorg voor mensen met een verslavingsprobleem.
   Google Scholar
• Vandekinderen, C., Roets, G., & Van Hove, G. (2014). Untangling the nonrecyclable citizen: a critical reconceptualization of responsibility in recovery. Qualitative Health Research, 24(10), 1418–1430. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732314547707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderplasschen, W., Rapp, R. C., De Maeyer, J., & Van Den Noortgate, W. (2019). A meta-analysis of the efficacy of case management for substance use disorders: A recovery perspective. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 186. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderplasschen, W., & Vander Laenen, F. (2017). Naar een herstelondersteunende verslavingszorg: Zorg en ondersteuning in praktijk en beleid. Acco.
   Google Scholar
• Wen, H., Hockenberry, J. M., & Cummings, J. R. (2017). The effect of Medicaid expansion on crime reduction: Evidence from HIFA-waiver expansions. Journal of Public Economics, 154, 67–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2017.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, W. L. (2007). Addiction recovery: Its definition and conceptual boundaries. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 33(3), 229–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2007.04.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, W. L., Boyle, M., & Loveland, D. (2002). Alcoholism/addiction as a chronic disease. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 20(3–4), 107–129. https://doi.org/10.1300/J020v20n03_06
   Google Scholar
• White, W. L., Boyle, M., & Loveland, D. (2003). Recovery management: Transcending the limitations of addiction treatment. Behavioral Health Management, 23, 38–44.
   Google Scholar
• White, W. L., Kelly, J. F., & Roth, J. D. (2012). New addiction-recovery support institutions: Mobilizing support beyond professional addiction treatment and recovery mutual aid. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 7(2–4), 297–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/1556035X.2012.705719
   Google Scholar
• White, W. L., Evans, A. (2013). Toward a core recovery-focused knowledge base for addiction professionals and recovery support specialists. Retrieved March 6, 2020, from http://smtp.williamwhitepapers.com/pr/2013 Recovery-focused Knowledge.pdf
   Google Scholar
• dWitkiewitz, K., Wilson, A. D., Pearson, M. R., Montes, K. S., Kirouac, M., Roos, C. R., Hallgren, K. A., & Maisto, S. A. (2018). Profiles of recovery from alcohol use disorder at three years following treatment: Can the definition of recovery be extended to include high functioning heavy drinkers? Addiction, 114(1), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar