Drug use and unsafe injection among adults who live in prisons in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

References

• Alam-mehrjerdi, Z., Mokri, A., & Dolan, K. (2015). Methamphetamine use and treatment in Iran: A systematic review from the most populated Persian Gulf country. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 16, 17–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amin-Esmaeili, M., Amin-Esmaeili, M., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Razaghi, E., Razaghi, E. M., Baghestani, A., Baghestani, A. R., Jafari, S., & Jafari, S. (2012). Factors correlated with hepatitis C and B virus infections among injecting drug users in Tehran. Hepatitis Monthly, 12(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.4332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amin‐Esmaeili, M., Rahimi‐Movaghar, A., Sharifi, V., Hajebi, A., Radgoodarzi, R., Mojtabai, R., Hefazi, M., & Motevalian, A. (2016). Epidemiology of illicit drug use disorders in Iran: Prevalence, correlates, comorbidity and service utilization results from the Iranian Mental Health Survey. Addiction, 111(10), 1836–1847. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assari, S., Moghani Lankarani, M., Dejman, M., Farnia, M., Alasvand, R., Sehat, M., Roshanpazooh, M., Tavakoli, M., Jafari, F., & Ahmadi, K. (2014). Drug use among Iranian drivers involved in fatal car accidents. Journal of Frontiers in Psychiatry, 5, 69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beehner, L. (2006). Afghanistan’s role in Iran’s drug problem. Council of Foreigh Relations.
   Google Scholar
• Bowring, A., Veronese, V., Doyle, J., Stoove, M., & Hellard, M. (2016). HIV and sexual risk among men who have sex with men and women in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS and Behavior, 20(10), 2243–2265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpentier, C., Royuela, L., Montanari, L., & Davis, P. (2018). The global epidemiology of drug use in prison. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• CLARITY (2017). Risk of bias instrument for cross-sectional surveys of attitudes and practice. https://www.evidencepartners.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Risk-of-Bias-Instrument-for-Cross-Sectional-Surveys-of-Attitudes-and-Practices-DistillerSR.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Degenhardt, L., Charlson, F., Stanaway, J., Larney, S., Alexander, L. T., Hickman, M., Cowie, B., Hall, W. D., Strang, J., Whiteford, H., & Vos, T. (2016). Estimating the burden of disease attributable to injecting drug use as a risk factor for HIV, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases, 16(12), 1385–1398. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30325-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986). Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials, 7(3), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dolan, K., Moazen, B., Noori, A., Rahimzadeh, S., Farzadfar, F., & Hariga, F. (2015). People who inject drugs in prison: HIV prevalence, transmission and prevention. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26, S12–S15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.10.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan, K., Salimi, S., Nassirimanesh, B., Mohsenifar, S., & Mokri, A. (2011). The establishment of a methadone treatment clinic for women in Tehran, Iran. Journal of Public Health Policy, 32(2), 219–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan, K., Wirtz, A. L., Moazen, B., Ndeffo-mbah, M., Galvani, A., Kinner, S. A., Courtney, R., McKee, M., Amon, J. J., Maher, L., Hellard, M., Beyrer, C., & Altice, F. L. (2016). Global burden of HIV, viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis in prisoners and detainees. The Lancet, 388(10049), 1089–1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30466-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eshrati, B., Asl, R. T., Dell, C. A., Afshar, P., Millson, P. M., Kamali, M., & Weekes, J. (2008). Preventing HIV transmission among Iranian prisoners: Initial support for providing education on the benefits of harm reduction practices. Harm Reduction Journal, 5(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-5-21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fakhrzadegan, S., Gholami-Doon, H., Shamloo, B., & Shokouhi-Moqhaddam, S. (2017). The relationship between personality disorders and the type of crime committed and substance used among prisoners. Addiction and Health, 9(2), 64–71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fazel, S., Yoon, I. A., & Hayes, A. (2017). Substance use disorders in prisoners: An updated systematic review and meta‐regression analysis in recently incarcerated men and women. Journal of Addiction. 112(10), 1725–1739. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghiabi, M. (2019). Drugs politics: Managing disorder in the Islamic Republic of Iran (pp. 33–34). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gingeras, R. (2012). Poppy politics: American agents, Iranian addicts and Afghan opium, 1945–80. Iranian Studies, 45(3), 315–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2011.637773
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habib, S. (2018). Drug addiction among women: A growing problem. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 5(3), 637–640.
   Google Scholar
• Haghdoost, A. A., Danesh, A., Khajekazemi, Razie, Sharifi, H., & Shokouhi, M. (2012–2013). Second national HIV bio-behavioural surveillance survey in prisoners in Iran.
   Google Scholar
• Haghdoost, A. A., Navadeh, S., Mirzazadeh, A., Gouya, M., & Farnia, M. (2009). First national HIV bio-behavioural surveillance survey among prisoners in Iran. http://hivhub.ir/national-projects/
   Google Scholar
• Haji-Maghsoudi, S., Haghdoost, A. A., & Baneshi, M. R. (2014). Selection of variables that influence drug injection in prison: Comparison of methods with multiple imputed data sets. Journal of Addiction, 6(1–2), 36.
   Google Scholar
• Heijnen, M., Mumtaz, G. R., & Abu-Raddad, L. J. (2016). Status of HIV and hepatitis C virus infections among prisoners in the Middle East and North Africa: Review and synthesis. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 19(1), 20873. https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.19.1.20873
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jafari, S., Moradi, G., Gouya, M. M., Zavareh, F. A., & Ghaderi, E. (2019). Predictors of drug injection in high-risk populations of prisoners with a history of tattooing: A cross-sectional study. J Res Health Sci, 19(1), e00435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahani, M. R., Kheirandish, P., Hosseini, M., Shirzad, H., SeyedAlinaghi, S. A., Karami, N., Valiollahi, P., Mohraz, M., & McFarland, W. (2009). HIV seroconversion among injection drug users in detention, Tehran, Iran. AIDS (London, England), 23(4), 538–540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jürgens, R., Nowak, M., & Day, M. (2011). HIV and incarceration: prisons and detention. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 14, 26–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamarulzaman, A., Reid, S. E., Schwitters, A., Wiessing, L., El-Bassel, N., Dolan, K., Moazen, B., Wirtz, A. L., Verster, A., & Altice, F. L. (2016). Prevention of transmission of HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and tuberculosis in prisoners. The Lancet, 388(10049), 1115–1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30769-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khademi, N., Skakiba, E., Khoramdad, M., & Khoramdad, M. (2019). Seroprevalence and related risk behaviors of hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV infections among male prisoners in Kermanshah. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 22(10), 588–591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khajedaluee, M., Babaei, A., Vakili, R., Valizade, N., Shandiz, F. H., Alavian, S. M., Nozadi, M. S., Jazayeri, S. M., & Hassannia, T. (2016). Sero-prevalence of bloodborne tumor viruses (HCV, HBV, HTLV-I and KSHV infections) and related risk factors among prisoners in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, in 2008. Hepatitis Monthly, 16(12), e31541. https://doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.31541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khajehkazemi, R., Haghdoost, A., Navadeh, S., Setayesh, H., Sajadi, L., Osooli, M., & Mostafavi, E. (2014). Risk and vulnerability of key populations to HIV infection in Iran; knowledge, attitude and practises of female sex workers, prison inmates and people who inject drugs. Sexual Health, 11(6), 568–574. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH14165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McInnes, M. D. F., Moher, D., Thombs, B. D., McGrath, T. A., Bossuyt, P. M., Clifford, T., Cohen, J. F., Deeks, J. J., Gatsonis, C., Hooft, L., Hunt, H. A., Hyde, C. J., Korevaar, D. A., Leeflang, M. M. G., Macaskill, P., Reitsma, J. B., Rodin, R., Rutjes, A. W. S., Salameh, J.-P., … Willis, B. H. (2018). Preferred reporting items for a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies: The PRISMA-DTA statement. JAMA, 319(4), 388–396. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.19163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moazen, B., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Silbernagl, M. A., Lotfizadeh, M., Bosworth, R. J., Alammehrjerdi, Z., Kinner, S. A., Wirtz, A. L., Bärnighausen, T. W., Stöver, H. J., & Dolan, K. A. (2018). Prevalence of drug injection, sexual activity, tattooing, and piercing among prison Inmates. Epidemiologic Reviews, 40(1), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxy002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradi, G., Darvishi, S., Asaadi, L., Zavareh, F. A., Gouya, M.-M., Tashakorian, M., Alasvand, R., & Bolbanabad, A. M. (2020). Patterns of drug use and related factors among prisoners in Iran: Results from the national survey in 2015. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 41(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-019-00574-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradi, G., Jafari, S., Zarei, B., Mahboobi, M., Azimian Zavareh, F., Molaeipoor, L., Mohamadi Bolbanabad, A., Darvishi, S., Aghasadeghi, M. R., Tashakorian, M., & Gouya, M. M. (2019). Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B and hepatitis C exposure in Iranian prisoners: A national study in 2016. Hepatitis Monthly, 19(7), e91129. https://doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.91129
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munn, Z., Moola, S., Lisy, K., Riitano, D., & Tufanaru, C. (2015). Methodological guidance for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies reporting prevalence and cumulative incidence data. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 13(3), 147–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nokhodian, Z., Yazdani, M. R., Yaran, M., Shoaei, P., Mirian, M., Ataei, B., Babak, A., & Ataie, M. (2012). Prevalence and risk factors of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C among female prisoners in Isfahan. Hepatitis Monthly, 12(7), 442–447. https://doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.6144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahimi Movaghar, A., Malayerikhah Langroodi, Z., Delbarpour Ahmadi, S., & Amin Esmaeili, M. (2011). A qualitative study of specific needs of women for treatment of addiction. Iran Journal of Psychiatry, 17(2), 116–125.
   Google Scholar
• Rahimi, J., Gholami, J., Amin, Esmaeili, M., Fotouhi, A., Rafiemanesh, H., Shadloo, B., & Rahimi‐Movaghar, A. (2020). HIV prevalence among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) and related factors in Iran: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and trend analysis. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 115(4), 605–622. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14853
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Razaghi, E. M., Sahimi-Izadian, E., & Amin-Esmaeili, M. (2010). HIV, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus co-infections among injecting drug users in Tehran, Iran. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14(1), e28–e33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resiak, D., Mpofu, E., & Rothwell, R. (2021). Sustainable harm reduction needle and syringe programs for people who inject drugs: A scoping review of their implementation qualities. Sustainability, 13(5), 2834. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052834
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Röver, C., Knapp, G., & Friede, T. (2015). Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman approach and its modification for random-effects meta-analysis with few studies. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 15(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-015-0091-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sayyah, M., Rahim, F., Kayedani, G. A., Shirbandi, K., & Saki-Malehi, A. (2019). Global view of HIV prevalence in prisons: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 48(2), 217–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SeyedAlinaghi, S. A., Farhoudi, B., Mohraz, M., Pahlaviani, F. G., Hosseini, M., Farnia, M., Shahbazi, M., Alasvand, R., & Tashakoriyan, M. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among male prisoners in Tehran, Iran. Arch Iran Med, 20(6), 356–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharifi, H., Hosseini, S., Khajehkazemi, R., Mousiavian, G., Tavakoli, F., Amiri, E., Shokouhi, M., & Karamouzian, M. (2016–2017). Third national HIV bio-behavioural surveillance survey in prisoners in Iran. http://hivhub.ir/national-projects/
   Google Scholar
• Stöver, H., & Kastelic, A. (2014). Drug treatment and harm reduction in prisons. Prisons and Health, 113–131.
   Google Scholar
• UNODC (2020). World drug report. UNODC.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, S.-C., & Maher, B. (2019). Substance use disorder, intravenous injection, and HIV infection: A review. Cell Transplantation, 28(12), 1465–1471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, Y., Chen, X., & Wang, K. (2017). Global prevalence of hypertension among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension: JASH, 11(8), 530–540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziaee, M., Sharifzadeh, G., Namaee, M. H., & Fereidouni, M. (2014). Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B, C, D infections and their associated risk factors among prisoners in Southern Khorasan Province, Iran. Iran J Public Health, 43(2), 229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar