References
- American Psychiatric Task Force on Electroconvulsive Therapy. The Practice of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Recommendations for Treatment, Training, and Privileging. Washington, DC: APA, 2001.
- Fink M. Convulsive therapy: a review of the first 55 years. Journal of Affective Disorders 2001; 63: 1–15
- Stein D, Weizman A, Bloch Y. Electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation: can they be considered valid modalities in the treatment of pediatric mood disorders?. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2006; 15: 1035–1056
- Ghaziuddin N, Kutcher SP, Knapp P, Bernet W, Arnold V, Beitchman J. Practice parameter for use of electroconvulsive therapy with adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2004; 43: 1521–1539
- Rey JM, Walter G. Half a century of ECT use in young people. American Journal of Psychiatry 1997; 154: 595–602
- Thompson JW, Blaine JD. Use of ECT in the United States in 1975 and 1980. American Journal of Psychiatry 1987; 144: 557–562
- Schneekloth TD, Rummans TA, Logan KM. Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents. Convulsive Therapies 1993; 9: 158–166
- Moise FN, Petrides G. Case study: Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1996; 35: 312–318
- Walter G, Rey JM. An epidemiological study of the use of ECT in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1997; 36: 809–815
- Bloch Y, Levcovitch Y, Bloch AM, Mendelovic S, Ratzoni G. Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents: Similarities to and differences from adults. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2001; 40: 1332–1336
- Chen YR, Swann AC, Johnson BA. Stability of diagnosis in bipolar disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders 1998; 186: 17–23
- Joyce PR. Age of onset in bipolar affective disorder and misdiagnosis as schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine 1984; 14: 145–149
- Werry JS, McClellan JM, Chard L. Childhood and adolescent schizophrenic, bipolar, and schizoaffective disorders: a clinical and outcome study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1991; 30: 457–465
- McClellan JM, Werry JS, Ham M. A follow-up study of early onset psychosis: comparison between outcome diagnoses of schizophrenia, mood disorders, and personality disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 1993; 23: 243–262
- Fink M, Sackeim HA. Convulsive therapy in schizophrenia?. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1996; 22: 27–39
- Taylor MA, Fink M. Catatonia in psychiatric classification: A home of its own. American Journal of Psychiatry 2003; 160: 1233–1241
- Horesh N, Orbach I, Gothelf D, Efrati M, Apter A. Comparison of the suicidal behavior of adolescent inpatients with borderline personality disorder and major depression. Journal of Nerves and Mental Disorder 2003; 191: 582–588